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La dissertation

Introduction :

La dissertation est redoutée car c’est une épreuve nouvelle pour un élève de classe de première. Si elle est réputée difficile, c’est surtout à cause de ce caractère inédit. Or, il faut savoir que lorsqu’elle est bien traitée, la dissertation permet d’accéder aux meilleures notes de l’examen.

Voici la définition officielle de l’exercice, tel qu’il est présenté par les organisateurs de l’examen : « la dissertation consiste à conduire une réflexion personnelle organisée sur une question littéraire portant sur l’une des œuvres et le parcours associé figurant dans le programme d’œuvres. Le candidat choisit l’un des trois sujets de dissertation, chacun étant en rapport avec l’une des œuvres au programme et son parcours associé. Pour développer son argumentation, le candidat s’appuie sur sa connaissance de l’œuvre et des textes étudiés dans le cadre de l’objet d’étude, ainsi que sur ses lectures et sa culture personnelle. »

En ce dernier point réside la principale difficulté de l’exercice : le correcteur attend une parfaite connaissance de l’œuvre étudiée pendant l’année et du parcours associé ainsi qu’une culture littéraire plus personnelle.

Premier temps : l’analyse du sujet

Le sujet d’une dissertation littéraire peut se présenter sous deux formes :

• Une citation de l’œuvre suivie d’une question

Exemple 1 : « Moi, j’ai la noblesse du cœur » , affirme Julien lors de son procès. Cette formule vous paraît-elle adaptée pour caractériser le héros du roman Le Rouge et le Noir  ?

• Une question sans citation

Exemple 2 : Dans le roman de Madame de Lafayette, est-ce la raison qui guide la Princesse de Clèves ?

Exemple 3 : Julien Sorel est-il un personnage romantique ?

Tout d’abord, il faut repérer les mots-clés du sujet et les définir . Ils représenteront la charpente de la dissertation et guideront le raisonnement. C’est dès le début de l’épreuve qu’il faut se fixer un cap cohérent, au risque de faire un hors-sujet. Il faut s’interroger non seulement sur le sens que possèdent ces mots dans le contexte du sujet, mais aussi hors de ce contexte au cas où ils présenteraient une ambiguïté ou une polysémie, pour pouvoir en jouer dans la dissertation. Voici par exemple les termes clés des trois sujets proposés plus haut et les questions à se poser :

Exemple 1 : L’expression clé est « noblesse du cœur ». Que signifie « noblesse du cœur » de manière générale ? Dans quelles circonstances Julien fait-il preuve de noblesse du cœur ? Le « moi » en tête de phrase a aussi son importance. Pourquoi Julien emploie-t-il ce pronom (il montre que Julien veut se distinguer des autres) ?

Exemple 2 : Les termes clés sont « raison » et « guider ». Que signifie de manière générale « être guidé par la raison » ? Dans le cas de la Princesse de Clèves, à quelles actions de l’héroïne l’expression peut-elle s’appliquer ? À quelles actions ne peut-elle pas l’être ? Que peut-on en conclure sur le personnage ?

Exemple 3 : Le terme « romantique » est à étudier précisément. Fait-on référence ici au romantisme littéraire ou à un romantisme au sens édulcoré actuel, synonyme plutôt de « fleur bleue », de « sensible » ? Quelle signification convient le mieux à Julien ? Pourquoi ?

La question posée, qu’elle soit ou non accompagnée d’une citation de l’œuvre, attend une réponse nuancée puisqu’une dissertation progresse en différentes étapes, chaque grande étape correspondant à une grande partie du plan.

Exemples 1 et 2 : Il faudra étudier les différentes facettes des personnages, montrer en quoi noblesse du cœur et raison ne sont pas leurs seuls moteurs.

Exemple 3 : Il faudra montrer quelles significations du terme « romantique » peuvent correspondre à Julien et si, par certains aspects de sa personnalité, il ne se démarque pas du romantisme.

Ensuite, il faut reformuler la problématique après l’avoir cernée, que ce soit sous la forme d’une question directe ou indirecte. Gardez à l’esprit que la dissertation toute entière est une tentative de réponse à la question.

Exemple 1 : Julien se caractérise-t-il uniquement par la noblesse du cœur ? Est-il sincère ou aveugle lorsqu’il parle ainsi de lui ? Par opposition à qui se définit-il ainsi ?

Exemple 2 : La raison est-elle le seul guide de la princesse ? Quelles autres forces l’animent et comment la princesse tente-t-elle de faire triompher la raison ?

Exemple 3 : En quoi Julien est-il un personnage romantique ? Présente-t-il toutes les caractéristiques des héros représentés dans la littérature romantique ? Est-il seulement romantique en amour ? N’est-il pas parfois opposé aux valeurs du romantisme ?

Deuxième temps : la recherche d’idées

L’analyse du sujet a normalement déjà pris un bon quart d’heure. Au bout de quelques minutes, vous aurez trouvé plusieurs pistes possibles pour répondre à la question. Sauf qu’en l’état, ces idées ne valent rien. Il faut les appuyer de références précises à l’œuvre, voire de citations (phrases remarquées pendant l’étude de l’œuvre car particulièrement expressives et révélatrices des grands thèmes qui y sont développés).

Un bon vivier d’exemples susceptibles d’être utilisés se trouve dans les autres textes du corpus ou dans votre culture personnelle. Là, le champ est très large : on ne parle pas nécessairement que de romans, ni même simplement de livres mais aussi de musique, de spectacles, de cinéma, de peinture… Ces références vous permettront d’établir des parallèles, des comparaisons, parfois utiles pour affiner votre propos.

Par exemple, comparer l’attitude de Julien ou de la princesse à un autre personnage peut aider à mieux en définir les particularités, la singularité.

Troisième temps : l’élaboration du plan

À ce stade, il est temps de dégager un plan du brouillon. Deux types de plans sont possibles selon le type de question posée : ouverte ou fermée .

Une question fermée appelle comme réponse : oui ou/et non et invite à la confrontation de ces deux positions contradictoires.

Le plan dialectique s’applique au plus grand nombre de sujets. Le devoir doit alors examiner deux aspects opposés du problème, c’est-à-dire peser le pour et le contre. Chaque partie du devoir va donc développer une thèse différente mais complémentaire de l’autre, la seconde thèse venant plutôt nuancer la première que s’y opposer totalement. Chaque paragraphe constituant ces grandes parties va correspondre à un argument étayant une de ces thèses.

Le plan analytique répond à une question ouverte. Regardez la problématique. Si elle est formée sur un modèle du genre : « Pourquoi, selon vous… ? » ou encore « Qu’est-ce qui, selon vous … ? », il s’agit d’une interrogation ouverte qui attend une réponse précise. Dans ce cas, le devoir devra exposer une seule thèse. Et chaque partie correspondra à un argument étayant cette thèse. Il faut donc trouver plusieurs arguments allant dans le sens de cette thèse. Par exemple, ce plan correspondrait au sujet : « Quelle est l’ambition de Julien Sorel ? ». Chaque partie du plan développerait une forme d’ambition (ambition sociale, ambition amoureuse…)

Le plan dialectique ne consiste pas à prouver une chose puis son contraire : il faut réussir à exprimer une pensée suffisamment nuancée pour ne pas se contredire. C’est là toute la difficulté de l’exercice. Concernant la troisième partie, respecter l’adage connu « thèse – antithèse – synthèse » est inutile car la synthèse se fait dans la conclusion et non avant. L’idéal est de trouver une troisième partie qui « botte en touche », c’est-à-dire qui permette de dépasser l’opposition.

Par exemple, pour traiter le sujet : « Est-il juste d’affirmer que Julien Sorel, le héros du roman Le Rouge et le Noir de Stendhal, représente le type même du héros ambitieux ? », on pourrait montrer :

• dans une première partie, que oui, Julien Sorel est le plus souvent mu par son ambition ;
• dans une deuxième partie, montrer qu’il est aussi capable d’émotions sincères dégagées de toute ambition (par exemple, la conquête de madame de Rênal, vécue d’abord comme une conquête sociale, n’est pas dénuée de véritable attachement) ;
• enfin dans une synthèse, on pourrait montrer que l’ambition de Julien n’est qu’une réaction au mépris subit dans son milieu social d’origine et révèle une soif de reconnaissance dont, enfant, il a toujours été privé (c’est en prison par exemple qu’il renoue avec son être profond dégagé de toute ambition).

Une fois le plan déterminé, il faudra construire des parties argumentatives qui développent les thèses et les arguments , en les appuyant, rappelez-vous, sur des exemples précis. Il faut également systématiquement commenter ces exemples. C’est dans ces commentaires que l’expression libre est la plus conseillée. Mais tout ceci se fera au moment de la rédaction, car au brouillon, il faut vous contenter du plan. Rédigez votre plan sur une feuille de brouillon à part. Chaque partie sera composée idéalement de trois sous-parties. Symbolisez-les par des tirets et notez-y les exemples dont vous allez vous servir.

Les titres de vos parties ne doivent pas apparaitre sur votre copie.

Quatrième et dernier temps : la rédaction au propre

Il faut commencer le devoir par une belle introduction , constituée d’un seul paragraphe mais de plusieurs étapes :

• une mise en contexte qui introduit le thème ;
• la citation (si le sujet en comporte une) ;
• la problématique  ;
• l’ annonce du plan .

N’oubliez pas que chaque paragraphe doit commencer par une phrase introductive , qui annonce l’idée sur le point d’être traitée. Cette idée sera traitée, justement, sur la base d’exemples précis, de citations exactes. Et enfin, le paragraphe devra se terminer par une phrase conclusive , prouvant l’aboutissement du raisonnement. Il est également de bon ton de relier les différentes parties entre elles par des phrases de transition afin de fluidifier la lecture du texte, ce qui est plus agréable pour le correcteur. N’oubliez pas de revenir à la ligne et de marquer un alinéa entre chaque paragraphe, ainsi que de sauter carrément une ligne entre chaque grande partie.

Enfin, la conclusion devra résumer en un seul paragraphe les résultats de la réflexion, mais aussi prendre clairement position si le sujet vous y invite (et c’est souvent le cas). Enfin, il faudra vous efforcer d’ élargir la problématique , pourquoi pas par le biais d’une citation si elle est judicieusement choisie. Mais évitez par contre de terminer par une question, le plus souvent sans intérêt ou même complètement hors-sujet.

Ayez le réflexe de TOUJOURS associer un argument (une idée) et un exemple pour le justifier. Pensez toujours : « J’affirme quelque chose ; il faut que je prouve que j’ai raison de l’affirmer ».

La dissertation est une réflexion personnelle, mais n’employez surtout pas la première personne du singulier. Votre implication dans ce que vous écrivez ne doit pas être perçue par le correcteur. Employez des tournures impersonnelles.

Employez des guillemets lorsque vous citez un passage de texte. En français, les guillemets sont « et », les guillemets anglais "et" ne sont utilisés que si l’on a besoin de mettre des guillemets dans un passage déjà entre guillemets. Si vous voulez couper une citation que vous jugez trop longue, symbolisez les mots manquants par […].

Soulignez les titres d’œuvre lorsque vous serez amené à les écrire.

L’orthographe et la syntaxe doivent être particulièrement soignées.

Pensez à garder environ dix minutes en fin d’épreuve pour vous relire.

Conclusion :

Attention au trop fréquent hors-sujet : même si vous avez l’impression d’avoir compris d’emblée ce que l’on attend de vous, ne vous lancez pas dans l’exercice sans avoir rigoureusement identifié et analysé les mots-clés du sujet ET de l’énoncé. Dans cet exercice, le respect des consignes permet d’obtenir une bonne note. Parce que la dissertation est un exercice délicat, la choisir vous apportera les faveurs des correcteurs et les plus hautes notes en cas de réussite. Si vous désirez la tenter au baccalauréat de français, exercez-vous à plusieurs reprises durant votre année de première.

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• Ecoles d'Art / Architecture
• Réussir à l'université / IAE
• Réussir le Brevet des collèges (DNB)
• Réussir les tests de langues
• Réussir son BTS
• Réussir son BUT

La dissertation

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Fiches de révisions : La dissertation

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• Dissertation de français : la méthode R.E.D.A.C

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Comment réussir sa dissertation au bac de français?

Publié le 05/22/2024 à 6:00 AM , mis à jour le 05/22/2024 à 6:00 AM

La dissertation au bac de français  porte sur l'ensemble des textes du corpus mais également sur les connaissances plus larges du candidat (textes et œuvres étudiées en classe et lectures personnelles). Rédiger une dissertation revient à discuter un sujet, en adoptant des points de vue différents (2 ou 3 axes), dans un développement argumenté qui s'appuiera sur des exemples précis et développés.

Le déroulement:

Phase 1: analyser la citation en profondeur.

Phase 2: recherche d'exemples et constitution du plan détaillé au brouillon.

Phase 3: rédaction de l'introduction au brouillon (ne pas oublier la problématique).

Phase 4: rédaction au propre de l'introduction, du développement et de la conclusion.

Phase 5: se relire et se corriger.

1. Analyse du sujet au brouillon

- Identifier le(s) thème(s) du sujet . Ex: théâtre et représentation, personnage de roman et réalité, etc.

- Souligner les mots-clés du sujet: les annoter pour les comprendre (synonymes, antonymes, associations d'idées) et surtout envisager leur polysémie (les différents sens possibles) afin de n'oublier aucune piste.

ASTUCE: au brouillon, réécrire le sujet en sautant des lignes, soulignez les mots-clés puis annotez-les entre les lignes.

- Être attentif à la formulation de la question  : si on peut y répondre par oui ou non = plan critique, sinon le plan est thématique.

- Formuler les idées directrices des grands axes (2 ou 3 grandes parties) qui découlent de l'analyse précédente: c'est ce qu'il faudra démontrer dans chacun des axes du devoir (I, II, III). Attention au III qui ne doit pas être une combinaison du I + II (risque de répétition).

2. Quel plan choisir pour la dissertation de français?

- Le plan critique ou dialectique  : pour les sujets avec réponse possible par oui/non

I) Thèse (aller dans le sens de la citation) / II) Antithèse (réfuter la citation) / III) Synthèse (dépassement de l'opposition par une idée originale qui aborde la question différemment). L'ordre peut être permuté: I) Antithèse (aller à l'encontre de la citation) / II) Thèse (abonder dans le sens de la citation) / III) Synthèse.

Exemple de sujet: «La comédie sert-elle uniquement à faire rire le spectateur?»

- Le plan thématique  : pour les questions qui incitent à faire une liste de réponses thématiques (qui ne s'opposent pas)

Exemple de sujet: «Pourquoi la représentation est-elle essentielle au théâtre?»

3. L'introduction au bac de français

- Étape 1: l'entrée en matière. Fuir les clichés comme «Depuis toujours, les hommes lisent des romans». Mieux vaut débuter par un ancrage culturel ou historique plus précis comme: «Le roman est le seul genre qui n'a pas été défini par Aristote dans sa Poétique, ce qui explique son désaveu pendant de nombreux siècles».

- Étape 2: la problématique  : on peut se demander si/comment + citer le sujet (sans les consignes).

- Étape 3: annoncer le plan (les grands axes uniquement) Ex.: En premier lieu, nous envisagerons (I), puis (II), et enfin (III).

4. Le développement de la dissertation du bac de français

- Le devoir se développe en 2 ou 3 grands axes , eux-mêmes subdivisés en sous-parties (entre 2 et 4 §). Rappel: 1 sous-partie = 1 seul paragraphe (pas de retour à la ligne à chaque exemple).

- La sous-partie est un paragraphe argumenté composé  :

a) d'un argument (conversion du titre en phrase) ;

b) de quelques exemples précis qui prouvent cet argument. Chaque exemple doit être présenté et contextualisé (auteur et titre) mais aussi rigoureusement expliqué et développé dans le sens de l'argument initial (l'idée directrice de la sous-partie, le titre). Il faut donc sélectionner uniquement ce qui sert à prouver votre idée directrice et ne pas être tenté de faire une analyse générale de l'œuvre choisie en exemple! (ce qui équivaudrait à un hors sujet).

- Terminer chaque sous-partie par une conclusion partielle.

- Soigner les transitions entre les axes au début de l'axe II (résumé I + annonce II) et de l'axe III (résumé II + annonce III) ; entre les sous-parties mais aussi à l' intérieur du paragraphe , entre les exemples qui sont à lier entre eux. La démonstration doit progresser logiquement et chaque élément découle du précédent.

5. La conclusion de la dissertation du bac de français

Commencer par un connecteur conclusif: En définitive.

- Étape 1: résumer la réflexion générale (bilan I / II / III) + répondre à la problématique

- Étape 2: ouvrir vers un autre genre, un autre art (peinture, cinéma, musique) ou un autre questionnement proche.

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SHEAR Announces the Winners of the 2022 Book, Dissertation, and Article Prizes

The Society for Historians of the Early American Republic is proud to announce the following winners of the 2022 book, article, and dissertation prizes.

The James H. Broussard Best First Book Prize, awarded annually to the best first book by a new author dealing with any aspect of the history of the history of the early American republic, was named in memory of Jim Broussard, who was largely responsible for the creation of SHEAR.  This year’s James H. Broussard Best First Book Prize goes to Vanessa Holden’s  Surviving Southampton African American Women and Resistance in Nat Turner’s Community , published by the University of Illinois Press.  The prize committee, composed of Professors Karin Wulf, Kellie Jackson, and Christine Sears, wrote the following citation:

We think we know Nat Turner’s Rebellion and the enslaved in antebellum Virginia. Vanessa Holden’s Surviving Southampton new monograph tells us how much we didn’t know.

Holden masterly teases out the silences in history that have been overlooked or dismissed. She centers her work on women and children while building a compelling case for the need to focus on community before, during, and after the rebellion.

We have, she rightly points out, seen “violent rebellion” as the “prerogative of enslaved men” (5) but she works against this gendered binary where “enslaved men rebel while enslaved women resist” (6). Her approach documents the “community-constituted practices of resistance and survival” that beg for a new name for the event: the event: the “Southampton Rebellion.”

Holden writes with care, skill, and rigor. She demonstrates the centrality of women’s labor and care and how women were “agents of resistance and survival in their communities” (38). Women were “uniquely placed to learn, move through, and act within the layered physical and social geographies of” the Virginia farms (34) because they worked in domestic and outside spaces—they did domestic tasks, agricultural processing work, and field labor. They crossed the boundaries between field and house, sometimes daily. During the Southampton Rebellion, women passed information, provided food, and were present during the violence.

Southampton was a generational event, as Holden eloquently demonstrates. Children witnessed, participated in, and testified in the Rebellion. And they suffered the results of the rebellion just as they contributed to reconstituting a geography of resistance and survival in its aftermath.

For the Southampton Rebellion was one event in a “survival trajectory” (120) the enslaved engaged in daily.  Often the rebellion, evasion, and resistance are cloaked in silence as these actions were “most successful when whites did not detect them or keep records about them.” Those silences should be “trusted and celebrated:” Holden does just that in this superb first book that shows how “an entire community off African Americans, free and enslaved, adults, and children, produced the Southampton Rebellion” (120), which is something we know much more about due to her work.

The James Bradford Best Biography Prize, awarded annually to the author of an original biography, broadly defined, of a person active during the era of the early republic, goes to  Carolyn Eastman’s The Strange Genius of Mr. O: The World of the United States’ First Forgotten Celebrity , published by the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture through the University of North Carolina Press. The prize committee, composed of Professors Christopher Grasso, Laurel Shire, and Craig Friend, offer the following praise of this work:

If you’ve never heard of James Ogilvie, you’re not alone, although Carolyn Eastman’s biography of Ogilvie will surely change that. An educated man from a well-connected but relatively poor family in Scotland, twenty-year-old Ogilvie arrived in the new United States in 1793 to teach school in Virginia. After fifteen years instructing sons of wealthy landowners in classical languages, literature, and philosophy, he turned to a less exhausting profession, becoming a nationally famous orator with peculiar talents, meaning both unique and strange. A tall, slender figure, Ogilvie draped himself in a toga to lecture on a variety of topics, including education for girls and women, the importance of supporting charitable causes, compassion for the suicidal, and the immorality of duelling, often following his addresses with entertainingly dramatic recitations. An arresting speaker, the Scot who came to be known simply as “Mr. O” imagined an educated citizenry that would contribute to a more moral politics in the new republic.

Mr. O’s celebrity was built on self-promotion: networking, use of new print media, and even investment in facilities’ improvements at the theaters that he rented. In search of new audiences who could afford a dollar for a ticket, he traveled extensively throughout the Early Republic, visiting seventeen of nineteen states, as well as several territories and into Canada.

Following Mr. O’s life and career, Eastman takes us along on a tour of early America, not just geographically but of its people and their culture, especially among the educated elites who had enough money for Ogilvie’s theatrics. His is not an easy life to reconstruct. In fact, among historians, he remained rather obscure despite increased historiographical attention to the rising American cult of celebrity. Commendably, Eastman cobbles together the evidence he left behind in print and correspondence in dozens of disparate places, putting it into multiple contexts, and even uncovering the myths that arose about him, some self-perpetrated, others generated by fans and competitors. Hence, The Strange Genius of Mr. O is more than biography: it is a life-and-times study in which, as Eastman puts it, “celebrities hold up a mirror to culture, displaying not only who we admire but also who we are and what we hope to become.” Ogilvie’s biography illuminates the character of a nation, from education, Native Americans, the War of 1812, the evolution of the nation’s capital, togas, classics, and democracy to elocution, opium use, anxieties about provincialism, the motivations behind Americans’ fascination with celebrities, and the contest between private and public lives that continues to frame American celebrity.

In public, Ogilvie was a philanthropist who advocated for education and a “national culture of eloquence” to support American democracy. He became known for often dedicating his earnings to local charities and libraries. In private, Ogilvie’s inflated sense of his own importance, and his deep need for excessive attention and admiration evidenced a narcissism which masked a fragile self-esteem vulnerable to the slightest criticisms. Sadly, but not unsurprisingly, he became a melancholic laudanum addict who lived close to the bone.

Like most celebrities, Mr. O had his critics, including an early one who condemned him as a charlatan who preyed on women’s naïveté. He faced repeated criticisms for hinting that he might not be a faithful Christian. He finally fell from grace in 1817, after he published a book in which his rhetorical genius appeared rambling, illogical, and intellectually anemic. An autobiographical essay at the end of the volume was embarrassingly egotistical and pretentious. Felled by his own hubris, as quickly as his star had arisen, the public turned against him. He committed suicide in 1820 in Perth, Scotland. One of his peers, Sam Patch the “Jersey Jumper,” who died nine years later, had a grave marker that read “Here lies Sam Patch—Such is Fame.” Ironically, Patch lived on, a popular folk hero in poetry, stories, and theatrical productions. It was Ogilvie whom Fame killed and relegated to obscurity.

With her intriguing biography of Mr. O, Carolyn Eastman has brought him back from the dead to expose much about the popular culture of the Early Republic. Although Ogilvie’s reputation preceded him, perhaps it was that reputation that he worked so hard to create, rather than the quality of his orations, that propelled his career. Provincial Americans, Eastman suggests, understood how their receptions of Ogilvie reflected on their own tastes, refinement, and education. Consequently, celebrity was not something necessarily earned but imposed by a young nation trying to define itself. For thousands of Americans who did not travel or see as much as Ogilvie did, admiring Mr. O became part of expressing a cosmopolitan world view. Her success in recovering that world, the world of Mr. O, is the not-so-strange genius of Dr. E.

Congratulations to Carolyn Eastman on receiving the James Bradford Prize for Best Biography for 2021.

The Mary Kelley Book Prize, honoring the best the best book published on the history of women, gender, or sexuality in the early American republic, goes to Tamika Y. Nunley’s At the Threshold of Liberty: Women, Slavery, and Shifting Identities in Washington, D.C.  The prize committee, composed of Professors Nora Doyle, Kabria Baumgartner, and Lucia McMahon wrote:

At the Threshold of Liberty is an elegantly written and carefully argued work that examines the strategies Black women used to imagine and enact liberty for themselves in nineteenth- century Washington, D.C. One of the most important contributions of this work is Nunley’s nuanced handling of concepts that have been central to scholarship on the history of slavery, including freedom, resistance, and self-definition. Nunley’s analysis revolves around her definition of liberty as a process untethered to the legal conditions of either slavery or freedom. She shows that liberty was imagined and made by Black women–enslaved, free, and often in-between–who dreamed, planned, and took action within the constraints of a society and an economy defined by slavery and racial capitalism. Her concept of liberty offers an alternative to the ways that scholars have conceptualized resistance. In Nunley’s analysis, liberty could be achieved through the processes of self-making and navigation and did not require that women engage in acts of resistance, though many did. Self-making could begin with the simple act of imagining a different life and planning for change, while navigation involved the myriad strategies that women deployed in their encounters with the spaces, laws, and customs of the city in their quest to create lives that more closely matched their identities and desires. By highlighting the concepts of self-making and liberation, Nunley moves beyond a focus on women’s actions to give weight to their subjective experiences and sense of self.

Black women’s opportunities for self-making and liberation were shaped by the places they frequented, and Nunley’s book is deftly structured around the urban spaces of Washington to show how women sought self-definition in the homes, streets, schoolhouses, and courts of the nation’s capital. The city itself thus played a central role in Black women’s pursuit of liberty, affording them both opportunities and obstacles. Nunley uncovers evidence of Black women’s accumulated knowledge of the city and of networks of free and enslaved Black residents that helped make Washington a key starting point and way station for fugitives. In addition to highlighting Black women’s efforts to escape slavery, one of Nunley’s most powerful chapters focuses on schools for Black girls and shows that education played an essential role in self-making and the pursuit of liberty. Black girls and women enjoyed few opportunities for social mobility, but the educational institutions created by Black residents and their allies allowed Black girls to engage in strategies of self-making that embraced notions of feminine virtue and uplift and prepared them for activism.

A major strength of Nunley’s book is the evocative way in which she centers Black women and their voices, illuminating the numerous obstacles they faced as well as their often- circuitous pathways to both freedom and liberty. Nunley takes the reader on this journey, too, from the first seeds of liberty that sprouted in women’s imaginations to the paths they walked to realize their ambitions. This book is both a skillful synthesis of scholarship on the history of Black women in the era of slavery and a brilliant work of original research and interpretation.

The Best Book Prize, awarded to an original monograph that makes a significant contribution to the historiography of the early American republic, goes to  Peter Wirzbicki’s Fighting for the Higher Law: Black and White Transcendentalists against Slavery , published by the University of Pennsylvania Press. The prize committee, composed of Professors Christopher Grasso, Laurel Shire, and Craig Friend, offer the following praise:

Transcendentalists have long been central to nineteenth-century American intellectual and literary history.  Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Margaret Fuller, Theodore Parker, and other writers, mostly in New England, creatively combined insights from English Romantic poetry, German metaphysics, and theologies of subjective religious experience to shape a new intellectual movement.  It was the beating heart of what the literary critic F. O. Matthiessen famously dubbed the “American Renaissance.”  The Transcendentalists have inspired a deep and rich tradition of scholarship and interpretation, one very much alive and vibrant a century and three-quarters since Thoreau left Walden Pond.

However, as Peter Wirzbicki notes in Fighting for the Higher Law , “we have long been told that [the Transcendentalists’] political vision was obtuse, self-indulgent, and irresponsible.”  They came late to the central moral crusade of their times—abolitionism.  Theodore Parker, Transcendentalist High Priest of a purified, idealized Christianity, admitted later that when William Lloyd Garrison was attacked by an anti-abolitionist mob in Boston in 1835, Parker hardly noticed because he was too busy studying Hebrew, Greek, and German metaphysics.  Into the early 1840s, Emerson and Fuller could still sniff that abolitionism was narrow-minded and tedious.  Some subsequent critics have condemned Transcendentalists “for privileging personal expressions of righteousness over the properly political task of public engagement and democratic compromise”—of becoming, as Wirzbicki puts it, “a self-congratulatory gang of Beautiful Souls.”

Wirzbicki’s Fighting for the Higher Law deftly demonstrates that this is a flawed view.  Abolitionism and Transcendentalism had considerable common ground when both took off in the 1830s, and subsequently each movement influenced the other. As Wirzbicki writes, “both Transcendentalists and abolitionists sought to respiritualize a world that seemed to have been conquered by cotton, compromise, and formalisms.”  Wirzbicki sketches the parallel intellectual development of Emerson the Concord sage and Alexander Crumwell the Black intellectual as each explored the potential of intuitive non-instrumental forms of reasoning to unlock a deeper wisdom.  Other black abolitionists such as William Cooper Nell, Henry Highland Garner, Thomas Sydney, and Charlotte Forten, drew directly from Emerson, as well as other sources, such as Schiller and Coleridge, to turn away from Lockean and Scottish Common Sense philosophy and create a distinctive Black Transcendentalism.  They harnessed philosophical idealism to on-the-ground efforts to create a better world.  Jeremiah Burke Sanderson, a Black abolitionist minister, delivered sermons “laced with quotations from” Emerson, Carlyle, and Parker.  Frederick Douglass sprinkled his newspaper with Emerson quotations.  Influence flowed in the other direction, too.  Karl Follen, the Transcendentalist lecturer and professor of German at Harvard, had his political life transformed by reading radical Black abolitionist David Walker’s famous Appeal .

Four months after the White Transcendentalists began their famous club in 1836, radical Black intellectuals in Boston founded the Adelphic Union Library Association.  The Black club was soon sponsoring lectures by Garrisonian abolitionists and Transcendentalists such as James Freeman Clarke and William Henry Channing.  “When black boosters of the Adelphic Union celebrated elevation as the key to personal and communal empowerment,” Wirzbicki writes, “they were participating in and contributing to the same broad conversation about the relationship between individual fulfillment and social regeneration that Emerson was in Self-Reliance and Thoreau was in Walden .”  In the later 1830s, Transcendentalists and abolitionists began collaborating on religious reform, and ties thickened by mid 1840s.  Black abolitionists helped politicize and radicalize the White philosophers.  Emerson gave his first full-throated antislavery address in 1844 and was a regular at antislavery rallies by the end of the decade.

Transcendentalism helped abolitionists think philosophically about politics, and abolitionism helped translate philosophical ideals into political action.  Abolitionists drew on Transcendental thinking as they appealed to a Higher Law supporting acts of civil disobedience resisting the 1850 Fugitive Slave Act.  Transcendentalists, Black and White, supported John Brown before the raid on Harper’s Ferry and defended him afterward.  Ultimately the Radical wing of the Republican Party in Massachusetts “almost to a man,” Wirzbicki writes, was connected to both Transcendentalism and abolitionism.  The idealism of both movements continued to inspire them through the long, bloody years of the Civil War.

This book beautifully fulfills the author’s intention “to take seriously the traditional history of ideas—texts, arguments, writers—while simultaneously examining how those ideas left the page, so to speak, went out in the open air, and rambled around in the world of people and things.”  Cogently argued and gracefully written, it brings new life to old topics.  It details the confluence of two movements that, fueled by “nonconformist humanism and social optimism,” together pushed the possibilities of democratic progress.

The committee is delighted to award the SHEAR Best Book Prize for 2021 to Peter Wirzbicki for Fighting for the Higher Law . Congratulations.

The Ralph Gray Article Prize for the best article published in Volume 41 (2021) of the Journal of the Early Republic goes to Ann Marsh Daly’s “‘Every Dollar Brought from the Earth’: Money, Slavery, and Southern Gold Mining,” published in Volume 41, Number 4, Winter 2021.  The Prize Committee, composed of Professors David Gellman, Sharon Murphy, and Emily Arendt, wrote the following prize citation:

In “‘Every Dollar Brought from the Earth’: Money, Slavery, and Southern Gold Mining,” Ann Marsh Daly has produced a remarkable piece of scholarship. With skill and erudition, she connects the use of enslaved labor in the mining and refining of southern gold to divisive national political battles over banking, money, and international exchange in the early republic. The transformation of ore into specie was essential to competing paper and hard money visions of political economy. Turning mineral into money involved grueling labor, financial investment, and sharp dealing from mine to mint, as Daly compellingly details. Along the way, her essay reminds us of the adaptability of slave labor regimes to industrial conditions and the ways race and gender feed into misleading distinctions between skilled and unskilled labor. In sum, Daly offers a profound, carefully grounded, intervention into ongoing debates about the role of slavery in the history of U.S. capitalism and provides new ways to frame classic early republican topics like the Bank War.

The SHEAR Dissertation Prize, awarded in cooperation with Penn Press to an exceptional unpublished dissertation pertaining to the history of North America from 1776 to 1861, goes to Cory Young’s “For Life or Otherwise: Abolition and Slavery in South Central Pennsylvania, 1780-1847.” The prize committee, composed of Penn Press Senior Editor Robert Lockhart, and professors Dan Richter and Serena Zabin, offer the following praise for this dissertation:

This year’s SHEAR Dissertation Prize is awarded to Cory Young, postdoctoral fellow at the University of Nebraska Lincoln, for his dissertation titled “For Life or Otherwise: Abolition and Slavery in South Central Pennsylvania, 1780-1847,” completed at Georgetown University under the direction of Adam Rothman. Based on a previously almost untouched archive of county slavery registries in Central Pennsylvania, “For Life or Otherwise” is deeply researched and persuasively written. Its central insight—that “gradual abolition programs were both slavery regimes and emancipation schemes,” but most profoundly the former—transforms our understanding of race, labor, and citizenship in a state that Philadelphia-centric historians have lauded for passing the continent’s first gradual abolition statute. For Young, there is no paradox here, once one realizes that when Pennsylvania voted in 1780 to gradually abolish the institution of slavery, it was really creating a new slave regime, one that exploited arcane differences between “statutory term slavery” and “hereditary term slavery.” Young’s careful analysis of legal texts, political records, and account books, as well as the slave ledgers themselves, tells a genuinely new story of slavery in what we are learning not to call the “free states.”

The finalists also included Ann Daly for “Minting America: The Politics, Technology, and Culture of Money in the Early United States;” Sean Gallagher for “Slaves of the Revolution: Enslaved Public Labor in the War for Independence;” Gabrielle Guillerm for “The Forgotten French: Catholicism, Colonialism, and Americanness on the Early Trans-Appalachian Frontier;” and Naomi Sussman for “Between the River and the Sea: The History of California’s Native Heartland, 1781-1931.”

Congratulations to all the winners!

23 July 2022

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Kinshasa : début des épreuves de la dissertation

Publié le lun, 23/05/2022 - 19:51 | Modifié le lun, 23/05/2022 - 19:51

Les finalistes du secondaire ont passé ce lundi 23 mai leurs épreuves de dissertation. Il s’agit de la partie hors-session de l’examen d’Etat. A Kinshasa, c’est la vice-ministre de l'EPST, Aminata Namasia Bazego, qui a procédé au lancement officiel.  Dans l’ensemble, tout s’est bien déroulé, selon les autorités du secteur. Toutefois, certains élèves ont été chassés de salles d’examen faute de macarons.

Dans cette émission vous pouvez suivre aussi :

-la réaction de quelques finalistes après la dissertation - des précisions sur la pénurie du kérosène et du gasoil a Kinshasa -la manifestation des étudiants contre la hausse des frais pour le relogement au home et l’usage des bus achetés par le gouvernement -l’ouverture des journées sociales du CEPAS -les kuluna terrorisent les habitants du quartier Congo dans la commune de Ngaliema, réaction du bourgmestre.

Bonne écoute: /sites/default/files/2022-05/23052022-p-f-decropad-00bon_1.mp3

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Essay on Environment: Examples & Tips

• Updated on  
• May 30, 2022

In the 21st century, the Environmental crisis is one of the biggest issues. The world has been potentially impacted by the resulting hindrance in the environmental balance, due to the rising in industrialization and urbanization. This led to several natural calamities which creates an everlasting severe impact on the environment for years. To familiarize students with the importance environment, the subject ‘Environmental Studies’ is part of the curriculum in primary, secondary as well as higher school education. To test the knowledge of the students related to Environment, a question related to the topic in the form of essay or article writing is included in the exam. This blog aims to focus on providing details to students on the way, they can draft a well-written essay on Environment.

This Blog Includes:

Overview on environment, tips on writing an effective essay, format (150 words), sample essay on environment, environment essay (100 words), essay on environment (200-250 words), environment essay (300 words), world environment day.

To begin the essay on Environment, students must know what it is all about. Biotic (plants, animals, and microorganisms) and abiotic (non-living physical factors) components in our surroundings fall under the terminology of the environment. Everything that surrounds us is a part of the environment and facilitates our existence on the planet.

Before writing an effective essay on Environment, another thing students need to ensure is to get familiarised with the structure of essay writing. The major tips which students need to keep in mind, while drafting the essay are:

• Research on the given topic thoroughly : The students must research the topic given in the essay, for example: while drafting an essay on the environment, students must mention the recent events, so to provide the reader with a view into their understanding of this concept.
• Jot down the important points: When the students research the topic, students must note down the points which need to be included in the essay.
• Quote down the important examples: Students must quote the important examples in the introductory paragraphs and the subsequent paragraphs as well.
• Revise the Essay: The student after finishing writing students must revise the content to locate any grammatical errors as well as other mistakes.

Essay on Environment: Format & Samples

Now that you are aware of the key elements of drafting an essay on Environment, take a look at the format of essay writing first:

Introduction

The student must begin the essay by, detailing an overview of the topic in a very simple way in around 30-40 words. In the introduction of the essay on Environment, the student can make it interesting by recent instances or adding questions.

Body of Content

The content after the introduction can be explained in around 80 words, on a given topic in detail. This part must contain maximum detail in this part of the Essay. For the Environment essay, students can describe ways the environment is hampered and different ways to prevent and protect it.

In the essay on Environment, students can focus on summing the essay in 30-40 words, by writing its aim, types, and purposes briefly. This section must swaddle up all the details which are explained in the body of the content.

Below is a sample of an Essay on Environment to give you an idea of the way to write one:

The natural surroundings that enable life to thrive, nurture, and destroy on our planet called earth are referred to as an environment. The natural environment is vital to the survival of life on Earth, allowing humans, animals, and other living things to thrive and evolve naturally. However, our ecosystem is being harmed as a result of certain wicked and selfish human actions. It is the most essential issue, and everyone should understand how to safeguard our environment and maintain the natural balance on this planet for life to continue to exist.

Nature provides an environment that nourishes life on the planet. The environment encompasses everything humans need to live, including water, air, sunshine, land, plants, animals, forests, and other natural resources. Our surroundings play a critical role in enabling the existence of healthy life on the planet. However, due to man-made technical advancements in the current period, our environment is deteriorating day by day. As a result, environmental contamination has risen to the top of our priority list.

Environmental pollution has a detrimental impact on our everyday lives in a variety of ways, including socially, physically, economically, emotionally, and cognitively. Contamination of the environment causes a variety of ailments that can last a person’s entire life. It is not a problem of a neighborhood or a city; it is a global issue that cannot be handled by a single person’s efforts. It has the potential to end life in a day if it is not appropriately handled. Every ordinary citizen should participate in the government’s environmental protection effort.

Between June 5 and June 16, World Environment Day is commemorated to raise awareness about the environment and to educate people about its importance. On this day, awareness initiatives are held in a variety of locations.

The environment is made up of plants, animals, birds, reptiles, insects, water bodies, fish, humans, trees, microbes, and many other things. Furthermore, they all contribute to the ecosystem.

The physical, social, and cultural environments are the three categories of environments. Besides, various scientists have defined different types and numbers of environments.

1. Do not leave rubbish in public areas. 2. Minimize the use of plastic 3. Items should be reduced, reused, and recycled. 4. Prevent water and soil contamination

Hope the blog has given you an idea of how to write an essay on the Environment. If you are planning to study abroad and want help in writing your essays, then let Leverage Edu be your helping hand. Our experts will assist you in writing an excellent SOP for your study abroad consultant application. 

Sonal is a creative, enthusiastic writer and editor who has worked extensively for the Study Abroad domain. She splits her time between shooting fun insta reels and learning new tools for content marketing. If she is missing from her desk, you can find her with a group of people cracking silly jokes or petting neighbourhood dogs.

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Essay About Nature And Environment

The following sample essay on Essay About Nature And Environment discusses it in detail, offering basic facts and pros and cons associated with it. To read the essay’s introduction, body and conclusion, scroll down.

What is the role of students to protect environment? Students, the most powerful stratum of the society, know the importance of environment and nature sustainability. Nature has endowed us with all the resources to which maximum beneficiary is human beings. Nature has full proof system of protection of all the creatures and environment subject to check on excessive pollution and resources utilization.

Students understand the need for protecting environment and they are prepared to fight against the contamination of atmosphere as today’s student is tomorrow’s citizen. They show the consciousness and save the various energy sources by going on foot or bicycle to schools and other places.

Students may go to bed in the evening no sooner sun sets. They may develop the habits Of Reading and writing in day lights.

With their efficient skills Of interaction with other parts of the society, they communicate to the society about need for protecting environment. Students may promote use of cold water in day to day activities if temperature/atmosphere permits. Students need to promote the plantation in surrounding areas.

They should help the government and non-government organization in preventing pollution from he society by actively participating in programs and by giving the information of those who pollutes the environment. Students in all disciplines of education may contribute some from the knowledge in the area of their expertise.

Proficient in: Climate Change

“ Thank you so much for accepting my assignment the night before it was due. I look forward to working with you moving forward ”

They make creative contribution to arrest pollution and protect environment. It is not only industrial pollution but the pollution from various day to day operations that needs checking for protecting environment. Thus student can play a pivotal role in changing the scenario of protecting environment.

Essay On Nature And Environment

Why should you protect the environment? We need to protect the environment as we depend on it completely. If don’t have plants, which are part of the environment, we cannot live as it provides us with oxygen and food. If don’t have sunlight we won’t get energy to grow. If we don’t have land we could not have lived in buildings and houses. Environment is our surrounding which includes everything from a non-living to a living being.

There are two kinds namely the natural environment and Built environment. An environment essay necessarily has to focus on these points. In actual parlance if one has to describe a natural environment it is nee that has natural existence and the built is one that man is responsible for like the dams cities etc. You can obtain more particulars from the Nature and Environment Essay. The natural atmosphere is being polluted due to the unnatural factors.

While natural causes like volcano’s have its own turn in causing pollution it is the man made ones that are more rampant. It is the reckless and the caustic human nature that is primarily responsible for the environmental pollution. It is the self-centered humans that are causing more destruction to the environment. An Environment Essay should contain the causes that destroy ecosystem. It is natural for every human being to live in the circumstances they are born and any changes to it causes a lot of trouble.

Built environment, which lacks natural components, has become quite significant in today’s era. There is a lot of environmental peril that has been responsible for the problems associated with mother earth like Global warming Land degradation pollution etc. Global Warming is defined as the increase in the average temperature of the earth near surface air and ocean since the mid-20th century and its projected continuation. There is a lot of heat caused to the earth due to the greenhouse asses that get rapt in the sun’s rays thereby causing global warming. You may get more details about Global Warming in the Global Warming Essay.

A writer needs to specify the causes that affect the environmental corrosion. It is the growth in population and also the economic advancement that has added to pollution as well. Every living and non-living thing is being affected by this so one must understand that biophysical environment is meant for all and understand the importance Of ecological balance. It is mandatory that the Environmental Essay has all the essential things effecting the pollution and how one can take steps to control it. The consumption of petroleum has to be brought down by one and all.

The first step towards reducing our dependence on petroleum is to understand what products are made from petroleum. It is necessary that one takes sufficient measures to reduce the environmental degradation. It is better that we look for natural solutions like shift to a more fuel efficient vehicle make use of paper bags try to economize by using the car pool or public transport, go by walk or use a bicycle, recycle things etc. It is the responsibility of every person in checking the causes that affect the environmental disaster and play a positive role in improving it and these things have also got to be mentioned. One must realize the importance of a healthy environment and that it is for his/her own benefit to protect it and to take measures to make the world clean and green because as the proverb says “We won’t have a society if we destroy the environment”.

The Importance of Experiencing Nature The more technologically sway our society becomes and as our cities become larger and more urbanize our connection with nature gets weaker and eager. It is difficult to remember the natural beauty of a 100 year old oak tree while you dwell in the city where you are lucky to see a tree every three blocks. Our attitudes (especially people who live in very urbanize areas) tend to think that civilization surrounds nature instead of “wilderness [as] the element in which we live encased in civilization. “(l) I am not stating that our technological advances are a bad thing, but we must remember the importance of nature. People need to experience nature.

One reason is that the beauty of nature excites our senses, but it also is a perfect place to experience personal growth and meditation. From a logical standpoint though, learning more about nature can lead to growth as a society. As humans, we are constantly looking to be awed. We look to beauty to do this. Nature offers the most pure form of beauty.

Nature is stunning, yet not distracting. Our senses are enlightened by the magnificence of it yet we are not so distracted that we cannot think of anything else. It’s not the flash of a million colorful lights or the awe inspiring power of a larger than life sky scrapper. This kind of beauty demands your attention while the beauty of tauter is humbly offered. A baby is a great example of our attraction to nature or just natural things in general.

When there is a baby in a room full of people, people cannot help but stare and coo over it. We are attracted to them. I think a big reason for this is because they act so natural. They are not analyzing their actions, they are completely uninhibited. Society has not shaped them and told them what is right and wrong and how they should act.

Everything is much more appealing in the most basic, natural form. Nature is the closest thing we have to perfection. There is no denying the fact…

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184 Environment Essay Topics + Examples & Writing Prompts

Environment issues essay aims at spreading awareness of pollution problems, climate change, global warming, and many other issues. It is a common type of essay for writing parts of a lot of exams. Environment protection essay is also assigned to high school and college students.

In this article, you will find out:

• Current TOP-7 environment issues
• 184 environment essay topics
• How to outline your essay
• Different essay writing tips
• 4 essay examples
• 🌎 Environment Issues Essay
• 💡 184 Essay Ideas
• 📑 Outlining Your Essay
• 🛡️ Environment Protection: Essay Example
• ☘️ Eco-friendly Environment: Essay Example
• ♻️ Human Impact on the Environment: Essay Example
• 🗑️ Effect of Plastic on Environment: Essay Example

🌎 Environment Issues Essay – What Is It About?

Ecology has always played a significant role in all people’s lives. We all depend on it, but unfortunately, more and more environmental problems occur each year. They affect nature and our way of life. To stop the spread of these issues, we need to get to know them first.

Top 7 Environmental Issues of 2024

Here’s the list of some relevant environmental issues that take place in the modern world. Before writing your paper, you might want to learn as much information on the topic as you can. Let’s take a closer look at each of the issues, their causes and effects.

• Deforestation

Each year there are fewer trees and forests. Why is it happening?

According to World Population Balance , the U.S. population grows by over a million people each year . An increasing number of people leads to the growing demand for land for living, agriculture, highways, etc. We have no other option but to cut the amount of open land, which leads to deforestation.

Plastic Pollution

Plastic may seem a suitable material: it is flexible, cheap, and strong. However, plastic is also hazardous and toxic to the environment. According to National Geographic , 91% of all the plastic ever produced hasn’t been recycled . It takes around 400 years for it to decompose, so it continues to pollute nature.

Each year, around one-third of food produced worldwide gets wasted . This amount is enough to feed about 3 billion people.

Food waste also leads to the waste of resources, global warming, and climate change.

Why do people waste food? It might be happening unintentionally. For example, when you leave last bites on your plate or throw away the leftovers that you couldn’t manage.

Air Pollution

According to Worldwide Health Organization , around 7 million people die due to air pollution annually . It causes lung cancer and other respiratory diseases.

What causes air pollution?

There are numerous reasons: outdoor pollution such as vehicles, industries, and agriculture. Household air pollution like exposure to smoke from cooking or heating might also be one of the reasons.

Global Warming

The rise of temperature causes a lot of different adverse effects on the world. It causes:

• climate change
• glaciers melting
• crop-destroying
• insect swarming
• deforestation
• ice shelves collapsing
• tropical storms, and many other issues

Recent events such as wildfires in Australia and California result from global warming too.

Biodiversity Loss

As humankind continues its development, it overuses resources from nature. Since agriculture needs more systems each year, people turn forests, fields, and other natural habitats into them. It leads to biodiversity loss. Some species’ population has decreased dramatically by 68% from 1970 to 2016 .

Melting Ice Caps

Melting ice caps is also a serious issue because it’s the main reason for the sea-level rise. It mainly concerns the Arctic since this is where climate change has the most significant negative impact. The sea level rise might affect coastal regions by flooding them. Moreover, it might force around 340 million to 480 million people to migrate and cause overpopulation.

💡 184 Environmental Essay Topics

If you’re struggling with choosing your environmental issues essay topics, here’s the list of 184 essay topics ideas. It is better to choose something you’re genuinely interested in.

• How does melting ice caps affect the rising sea level ?
• Renewable sources of energy: Controversies .
• The correlation between population growth and deforestation.
• The environment pollution in the US .
• How does plastic affect nature?
• American Indian environmental movement in Arizona.
• The danger of food waste and the ways to prevent it.
• Environment: Sustainable development in Abu Dhabi .
• Dangerous effects of air pollution .
• Environment: Greenhouse gases and hydrological cycles .
• Harmful effects of global warming .
• The science of global warming and its effects.
• Biodiversity loss: Causes and effects.
• Water pollution and associated health risks.
• The correlation between climate change and melting ice caps.
• Environmental ethics: The case for animal rights .
• How can we improve agriculture ?
• Environmental issues and plastic industries.
• Human impact on nature.
• Environmental security: Global warming and pollution .
• Environmentalist movements and their impact on politics .
• Environmental damage because of oil spills .
• Ecotourism and its benefits.
• Water pollution in China.
• The pros and cons of nuclear energy .
• Farming, animal consumption, and environment .
• The correlation between globalization and ecological issues .
• The global climate change as a manmade disaster.
• How to save the world from air pollution?
• The evolution of insect wings in response to environmental changes .
• How does our lifestyle affect the environment?
• Water resource problem and its causes.
• The importance of waste management and recycling .
• Global warming in Australia: Environmental health .
• Production and consumption impact on the environment.
• Environmental racism and justice .
• How dangerous is microplastic?
• Global warming policies and options.
• How can zero-waste help our planet?
• Scope of improvement of the environmental impact of air travel .
• The advantages of green engineering.
• Renewable energy sources controversies.
• What is earth day, and why is it important?
• Environmental impacts of Heathrow Airport: Demand for a strategic sustainable transport .
• Social impact on climate change .
• Waste handling and control as fundamental phenomena.
• Healthy lifestyle habits and their impact on the environment.
• The role of waste management in the environment .
• The most vulnerable regions to the rising sea level.
• Global warming: Human vs. natural causes.
• The change of the average air temperature in my area.
• Implementing environmental sustainability in Dubai .
• Acid rain: Causes and effects.
• Sustainability and waste management.
• Social and environmental sciences connection.
• Environmental governance and institutional arrangements in Niger Delta oil spills .
• Conservation projects in my region.
• Solar panels and their advantages.
• Pandas’ extinction and how we can prevent it.
• Sustainability in the built environment .
• What is an ecosystem , and how does it work?
• Maritime risk assessment and environmental management .
• Melting glaciers and their impact on the environment.
• Alternative fuels and the US nation development.
• The correlation between climate change and natural disasters .
• The noise pollution: Negative effects .
• Why is ocean acidification dangerous?
• Changing ecosystems: Effects of global warming.
• Climate crisis and climate refugees.
• Global warming: A real danger or a hoax?
• How climate change impacts agriculture .
• Ocean wave energy technologies .
• The greenhouse effect and how it works.
• The real effects of greenhouse gases.
• The ways to prevent global warming .
• The water-energy-food nexus and problem mitigation .
• Deforestation and its impact on climate.
• Gulf oil spill: facts, causes, response, effects.
• How does tree planting affect climate change?
• Alternative energy sources vs. fossil fuels .
• The reason behind plants and animal extinction.
• Environmental sustainability in the Dubai police force .
• Population growth : Causes and effects.
• Fossil fuels as a significant part of the future energy mix .
• The reason behind birds’ migration.
• Cost of plastic recycling in US.
• What is green construction , and why is it beneficial?
• Sustainable building and environmental design .
• How can responsible consumption help nature?
• Green technology and how it can help the environment.
• Global warming: causes and consequences.
• How can we improve agriculture without harming the environment?
• Environmental conservation and resource management .
• Invasive species and how they can harm the environment.
• GMO : Advantages and disadvantages.
• Air pollution and mortality rates.
• The process of the nutrient cycle.
• What are sustainable environmental practices ?
• Solutions to the environmental crisis in Vietnam .
• How can we save more energy?
• Solar energy effects on the environment .
• What are alternatives to plastic?
• Construction and demolition waste management in the UAE .
• Commercial fishing impact on the ocean.
• Mitigating climate change through trade schemes.
• What is a marine ecosystem, and how do we affect it?
• Nine challenges of alternative energy .
• Energy efficiency and its importance.
• Climate change causes: Position and strategies.
• How do fossil fuels damage the environment?
• Sustainable building materials and technologies in the construction industry .
• The controversy behind environmental laws .
• Environmental risks: opposing views.
• Air quality in your country.
• Why is urban sprawl a problem?
• Energy sources: types and development.
• Different types of environmentalism.
• Global warming, climate change, and society’s impact on the environment .
• Wildlife reserves and how they work.
• Wind power in the United States .
• Ecotourism regulations in your country.
• Columbia river, its salmon culture and human impact.
• Ecological footprint and its impact on nature.
• Is solar energy important for the future of humanity ?
• Simple everyday habits that can help the environment.
• Integrated sustainable water resource management plan.
• Different ways of recycling water .
• Global warming and carbon dioxide .
• What is sustainable food?
• Dubai municipal solid waste management.
• The most popular renewable energy sources .
• Environmental issues in developing and developed countries .
• Various factors of sustainability .
• Atomic power as a renewable energy source .
• Climate change and global warming difference.
• Los Angeles regional collaborative for climate action.
• Human impact on climate.
• The reasons behind climate change.
• Virtual water and the water-energy nexus.
• Why is carbon dioxide harmful?
• Environmental benefits and problems of concrete .
• The reasons for the carbon dioxide increase.
• Water scarcity: An issue of living in the US .
• Fracking and why it is bad.
• The cost effectiveness of recycling plastic.
• Ozone depletion: Causes and effects.
• History of the environmental law in the US .
• Three basic methods of ecological research.
• Renewable energy sources in the aviation industry .
• Different types of recycling.
• Sources of energy: classification and aspects.
• Volunteer organizations and their contribution to environmental health.
• Quality and environmental management .
• Does eco-friendly marketing help the environment?
• The major contributors to water pollution .
• Carpooling and its contribution to the environment.
• Chemicals as the worst pollutants on the Earth.
• Human impact on global warming .
• The health effects of air pollution in America .
• The water purification technology.
• Solar energy in the modern world.
• Environmental organizations and what they do.
• Green space as an urban environment of Sydney .
• Environmental activities to do at home.
• How to protect the Egypt Nile River from pollution ?
• Famous environmental activists and the difference they made.
• Wind energy: is it viable or not?
• What is emancipatory environmentalism?
• Water resource plan: The problem of overdrawing the surface water .
• Green political parties and their influence.
• Global warming causes and mitigations.
• Environmental justice : Goals and causes.
• Pollution of the marine environment .
• Can any country become green?
• Flint poisoning: Environmental racism and racial capitalism .
• Environmental law and its history.
• Investment into alternative energy.
• How does emission trading work?
• Wind energy and non-renewable energy .
• Ecological niches and their types.
• Waste diversion programs in Ontario in 1996-2010.
• Pollution and its impact on our health.
• Dubai coast: Environmental sampling and analysis .
• The most significant causes of desertification .

Didn’t find the topic that perfectly suits your taste? You are welcome to use our essay topic generator !

📑 Environmental Issues Essay: Outline

The environmental issues essay consists of three parts: introduction , body , and conclusion . The optimal length is five paragraphs (around 200-300 words).

So, what do you write in each of them?

In the introduction part , you can mention the following:

• the current environmental situation in the world;
• the specific topic you chose;
• your thesis statement.

The introduction part shouldn’t be very long. One paragraph is usually enough.

The thesis statement is your main idea that you need to support in your body part. Let’s say you want to write about the dangerous effects of air pollution. “Air pollution not only harms the environment but also is the cause of numerous diseases.” This might be your thesis.

Need to formulate a thesis statement? Use our thesis-making tool !

In the body , make sure to:

• elaborate on your thesis statement;
• find reliable references with precise information;
• suggest some advice on the chosen problem;
• be argumentative.

The length of the body depends on the size of the whole paper. A five-paragraph essay should contain a three-paragraph body. A five-page research paper, in its turn, would have a four-page body.

Finally, write your one-paragraph conclusion . Here you can:

• sum up your essay;
• restate your thesis statement.

🛡️ Environment Protection Essay: Writing Prompts & Example

Environment protection starts with each of us. So, a good essay topic might be about how each of us can contribute to it.

You can list some options of how we can protect the environment. You can try to persuade the reader to contribute. It might be simple everyday steps or a more significant contribution like volunteering. Make sure to mention their benefits as well.

Some sample questions to answer in your essay:

• How can we protect the environment?
• What are the ways to decrease pollution?
• What are the governmental policies of environmental protection?
• How should we preserve nature?

Environment Protection Essay Example: 250 Words

☘️ eco-friendly environment essay: writing prompts & example.

What to write in an eco-friendly environment essay?

You can list various ways to maintain an eco-friendly environment. Here are some of them:

• Eco-friendly marketing
• Green movements
• Eco-friendly technology
• Water-conserving
• Energy conserving
• RRR (reduce, reuse, recycle)

Another option is to explain how you maintain an eco-friendly environment. Maybe you recycle your waste at home or avoid using fuel vehicles? You can also create a list of effective and ineffective ways to create an eco-friendly environment. It is better to read some articles on this issue before starting your writing.

Eco-friendly Environment Essay Example: 250 Words

♻️ human impact on the environment essay: writing prompt & example.

As we all know, people are the ones who affect nature the most. So, in this essay, you can elaborate on how people harm the planet.

Some of the issues you could focus on are:

• Air pollution
• Water pollution
• Plastic pollution
• Climate change
• Overpopulation
• Global warming

Make sure also to include your advice on how we can solve these problems.

Human Impact on the Environment Essay Example: 250 Words

🗑️ effect of plastic on environment essay: writing prompt & example.

Plastic undoubtedly plays a significant role in our life.

In your essay, you can list the reasons why plastic is damaging. You can also suggest ways of how we can reduce the usage of plastic.

Some of the topics you can mention in your essay:

• Microplastic
• Plastic effect on animals
• The reasons why plastic is toxic
• Plastic decomposition and why is it harmful
• What can we replace plastic with?

Effect of Plastic on Environment Essay Example: 250 Words

Now you are ready to share your thought on environmental issues in your essay. What is your opinion on environmental issues? What topic would you like to write about? Let us know what you think in the comments below!

❓ Environment Issues FAQ

How have approaches to environmental issues changed over the years.

Over the years, environmental problems have become more complex. It takes more time to study and identify them. However, technology is constantly developing and contributes to solving environmental problems now.

Why is it important to cooperate with other countries on environmental issues?

A lot of issues such as air pollution or climate change are very wide-range. If people can’t cross the different countries’ boundaries that easily, these problems can. So, it can only be solved by international cooperation of different countries. That is why we should support international nonprofit organizations.

What are some of the major environmental issues in Europe?

Some of the major environmental issues in Europe are: • climate change • nuclear waste • biodiversity loss • waste disposal • deforestation • water pollution.

Why is globalization potentially damaging to the environment?

Globalization has different positive impacts on the world. However, it has contributed to environmental damage as well. Globalization leads to consumption and export increase. These also lead to the rise of gases and the used fuel amount. Finally, the greenhouse effect is increasing because of that.

Human-Environment Relationships and Interaction Essay

Introduction.

Humans and the environment are closely connected and related to each other. That is why the actions of humans have consequences for the latter, and the environment affects the former. There are plenty of factors to consider to evaluate these two’s influence. Different strategies, perspectives, and concepts are used to explain the relationship between human activities and natural landscapes.

Different human activities alter landscapes in a variety of ways. Human actions can have a significant impact on an area’s ecosystem and geography. When it comes to things that change the look of the landscape, things like strip mining and open-pit mining are rather evident, but others are more subtle—human actions can have a significant impact on the hydrological cycle, erosion, and more. However, it is vital to assess the significance of places by identifying their physical and/or human features. In fact, in order to address the problems regarding the alteration of landscapes by human activities, a collective approach should be taken. Among the consequences of human activities on Earth are global warming and climate change. Climate change mitigation is frequently viewed as an issue requiring communal effort. This occurs when people refuse to lower their own emissions. While it is in our individual interests to continue emitting, it is in our collective interest to minimize emissions. The issue of climate change needs to be addressed as it has many threats to the environment, such as the extinction of animals and natural disasters.

One of the factors facilitating the change of landscapes due to human activities is urbanization. The population transfer from rural to urban regions, the resulting decline in the number of people in rural areas, and the methods by which societies adjust to this transition are all referred to as urbanization . Among other factors is the increase in plastic use, which adversely affects the environment. Plastic takes a long time to break down, and as it goes to the ocean, it pollutes water resources and makes it difficult to clean up the ocean.

Demographic patterns and population distribution are influenced by physical features and natural resources. It means that the distribution of various physical features, such as forests and water landscapes, among the location of the natural resources mines affect the distribution of populations. Thus, demographic patterns of growth, decline, and movement are also influenced by these factors. The abundance of natural resources and the presence of different physical features might help not only to follow the trends of the global population but also to predict its movement and distribution of it. The more natural resources there are at the specific place, and the more physical resources such as oceans and seas there are, the place is more likely to see economic development. The economically developed places attract more people, and thus, the population at particular places could be predicted. Economic growth is favored by the movement of the population, among the refugees and internally displaced people.

A geographic region may encompass a variety of physical features and/or human interactions. Environmental factors and humans, in fact, influence each other in different ways. Human activities, such as mining, fishing, manufacturing, and more, bring changes to the environment. People use natural resources and exploit natural places by creating resorts. Moreover, people pollute the environment by throwing plastic into the water, gases into the air, and more. The consequences are air and water pollution, deforestation, global warming, and the extinction of animals. The environment also influences people; for example, the movement of the population is impacted by the distribution of natural resources and physical objects. On the other hand, such natural phenomena as floods, volcanic eruptions, snowstorms, and other natural disasters are not appealing to people and make them move to another place. Usually, people tend to move to places with a pleasant climate, an abundance of natural resources, and places close to seaports, as these are attracting factors for living, and also such factors positively influence the economic growth of the region.

Analyzing data from a variety of resources allows us to better understand the globally connected world. Using geographic inquiry processes and skills to gather, interpret and analyze data helps to find decisions for a variety of situations related to humans and the environment. One of the tools used for this is the geographic information system (GIS). Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are computer programs that analyze and display geographically relevant information. If rare plants are found in three different locations, GIS analysis can show that all the plants were found on more than 1,000 feet of north-facing slopes, which receive more than 10 inches of rain per year (United States Government). There are many applications of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in geosciences, biology, resource management, and other subjects.

In conclusion, the relationship between humans and the environment is vital to understand in order to access both environmental and population trends. Interaction between people and the environment leads to a variety of consequences. Such factors as the distribution of resources, location of the physical objects, industrialization, trades, and natural resource demands influence the movement of the population. That is why analyzing data regarding landscapes is important for predicting global population trends. The development of strategies, both political and geographical, has a role in interpreting and analyzing the influence of humans on landscapes and the influence of environmental factors on population.

United States Government. “What is a geographic information system (GIS)?” Web.

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• Environment Essay

Essay on Understanding and Nurturing Our Environment

The environment is everything that surrounds us – the air we breathe, the water we drink, the soil beneath our feet, and the diverse flora and fauna that inhabit our planet. It's not just a backdrop to our lives; it's the very essence of our existence. In this essay, we'll explore the importance of our environment, the challenges it faces, and what we can do to ensure a sustainable and thriving world for generations to come.

Our environment is a complex and interconnected web of life. Every living organism, from the tiniest microbe to the largest mammal, plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems. This delicate balance ensures the survival of species, including humans. For instance, bees pollinate plants, which produce the oxygen we breathe. Nature is a masterpiece that has evolved over millions of years, and we are just one small part of this intricate tapestry.

Importance of Environment  

The environment is crucial for keeping living things healthy.

It helps balance ecosystems.

The environment provides everything necessary for humans, like food, shelter, and air.

It's also a source of natural beauty that is essential for our physical and mental health.

The Threats to Our Environment:

Unfortunately, our actions have disrupted this delicate balance. The rapid industrialization, deforestation, pollution, and over-exploitation of natural resources have led to severe environmental degradation. Climate change, driven by the increase in greenhouse gas emissions, is altering weather patterns, causing extreme events like floods, droughts, and storms. The loss of biodiversity is another alarming concern – species are disappearing at an unprecedented rate due to habitat destruction and pollution.

Impact of Human Activities on the Environment

Human activities like pollution, deforestation, and waste disposal are causing environmental problems like acid rain, climate change, and global warming. The environment has living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components. Biotic components include plants, animals, and microorganisms, while abiotic components include things like temperature, light, and soil.

In the living environment, there are producers (like plants), consumers (like animals), and decomposers (like bacteria). Producers use sunlight to make energy, forming the base of the food web. Consumers get their energy by eating other organisms, creating a chain of energy transfer. Decomposers break down waste and dead organisms, recycling nutrients in the soil.

The non-living environment includes climatic factors (like rain and temperature) and edaphic factors (like soil and minerals). Climatic factors affect the water cycle, while edaphic factors provide nutrients and a place for organisms to grow.

The environment includes everything from the air we breathe to the ecosystems we live in. It's crucial to keep it clean for a healthy life. All components of the environment are affected by its condition, so a clean environment is essential for a healthy ecosystem.

Sustainable Practices:

Adopting sustainable practices is a key step towards mitigating environmental degradation. This includes reducing our carbon footprint by using renewable energy, practicing responsible consumption, and minimizing waste. Conservation of natural resources, such as water and forests, is essential. Supporting local and global initiatives that aim to protect the environment, like reforestation projects and wildlife conservation efforts, can make a significant impact.

Education and Awareness:

Creating a sustainable future requires a collective effort, and education is a powerful tool in this regard. Raising awareness about environmental issues, the consequences of our actions, and the importance of conservation is crucial. Education empowers individuals to make informed choices and encourages sustainable practices at both personal and community levels.

Why is a Clean Environment Necessary?

To have a happy and thriving community and country, we really need a clean and safe environment. It's like the basic necessity for life on Earth. Let me break down why having a clean environment is so crucial.

First off, any living thing—whether it's plants, animals, or people—can't survive in a dirty environment. We all need a good and healthy place to live. When things get polluted, it messes up the balance of nature and can even cause diseases. If we keep using up our natural resources too quickly, life on Earth becomes a real struggle.

So, what's causing all this environmental trouble? Well, one big reason is that there are just so many people around, and we're using up a lot of stuff like land, food, water, air, and even fossil fuels and minerals. Cutting down a bunch of trees (we call it deforestation) is also a big problem because it messes up the whole ecosystem.

Then there's pollution—air, water, and soil pollution. It's like throwing a wrench into the gears of nature, making everything go wonky. And you've probably heard about things like the ozone layer getting thinner, global warming, weird weather, and glaciers melting. These are all signs that our environment is in trouble.

But don't worry, we can do things to make it better:

Plant more trees—they're like nature's superheroes, helping balance everything out.

Follow the 3 R's: Reuse stuff, reduce waste, and recycle. It's like giving our planet a high-five.

Ditch the plastic bags—they're not great for our landscapes.

Think about how many people there are and try to slow down the population growth.

By doing these things, we're basically giving our planet a little TLC (tender loving care), and that's how we can keep our environment clean and healthy for everyone.

Policy and Regulation:

Governments and institutions play a vital role in shaping environmental policies and regulations. Strong and enforceable laws are essential to curb activities that harm the environment. This includes regulations on emissions, waste disposal, and protection of natural habitats. International cooperation is also crucial to address global environmental challenges, as issues like climate change know no borders.

The Role of Technology:

Technology can be a double-edged sword in environmental conservation. While some technological advancements contribute to environmental degradation, others offer solutions. Innovative technologies in renewable energy, waste management, and sustainable agriculture can significantly reduce our impact on the environment. Embracing and investing in eco-friendly technologies is a step towards a greener and more sustainable future.

Conclusion:

Our environment is not just a collection of trees, rivers, and animals; it's the foundation of our existence. Understanding the interconnectedness of all living things and recognizing our responsibility as stewards of the Earth is essential. By adopting sustainable practices, fostering education and awareness, implementing effective policies, and embracing eco-friendly technologies, we can work towards healing our planet. The choices we make today will determine the world we leave for future generations – a world that can either flourish in its natural beauty or struggle under the weight of environmental degradation. It's our collective responsibility to ensure that it's the former.

FAQs on Environment Essay

1. What is the Environment?

The environment constitutes the entire ecosystem that includes plants, animals and microorganisms, sunlight, air, rain, temperature, humidity, and other climatic factors. It is basically the surroundings where we live. The environment regulates the life of all living beings on Earth.

2. What are the Three Kinds of Environments?

Biotic Environment: It includes all biotic factors or living forms like plants, animals, and microorganisms.

Abiotic Environment: It includes non-living factors like temperature, light, rainfall, soil, minerals, etc. It comprises the atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere.

Built Environment: It includes buildings, streets, houses, industries, etc. 

3. What are the Major Factors that Lead to the Degradation of the Environment?

The factors that lead to the degradation of the environment are:

The rapid increase in the population.

Growth of industrialization and urbanization.

Deforestation is making the soil infertile (soil that provides nutrients and home to millions of organisms).

Over-consumption of natural resources.

Ozone depletion, global warming, and the greenhouse effect.

4. How do we Save Our Environment?

We must save our environment by maintaining a balanced and healthy ecosystem. We should plant more trees. We should reduce our consumption and reuse and recycle stuff. We should check on the increase in population. We should scarcely use our natural and precious resources. Industries and factories should take precautionary measures before dumping their wastes into the water bodies.

5. How can we protect Mother Earth?

Ways to save Mother Earth include planting more and more trees, using renewable sources of energy, reducing the wastage of water, saving electricity, reducing the use of plastic, conservation of non-renewable resources, conserving the different flora and faunas, taking steps to reduce pollution, etc.

6. What are some ways that humans impact their environment?

Humans have influenced the physical environment in many ways like overpopulation, pollution, burning fossil fuels, and deforestation. Changes like these have generated climate change, soil erosion, poor air quality, and undrinkable water. These negative impacts can affect human behavior and can prompt mass migrations or battles over clean water.  

7. Why is the environment of social importance?

Human beings are social animals by nature. They spend a good amount of time in social environments. Their responsibility towards the environment is certainly important because these social environments might support human beings in both personal development goals as well as career development goals.

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Environment Essay Example

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The introduction of the environment essay draws readers’ attention to the problem under consideration and determines its relevance. Other parts of the paper are equally important. Learn more about this below.

Tips on Environment Essay Writing

Here are some useful tips on environmental essay writing:

• The paper should consist of three main parts: introduction, body, and conclusion;
• The introduction usually reflects the actuality of the topic;
• The main part consists of several paragraphs that sequentially reveal the topic;
• The conclusion should be concise and follow the content;
• The text must be written in a scientific style in compliance with the general rules;
• Work should be a study of environmental issues based on various scientific sources;
• Plagiarism is not allowed.

Environment Essay Topics

Many different environment essay topics deserve attention. However, several issues are the most relevant today.

Climate Change Essay

The consequences of global climate change are dangerous weather cataclysms, sudden weather changes, floods, etc., which lead to significant ecological and economic losses worldwide. Therefore, an essay on this topic should describe how to solve the problem.

Ecology Essay

An ecology essay usually aims to describe the ecology problems that can worsen human living conditions. It has the usual format and consists of several paragraphs with a detailed description of factors affecting the ecology.

Global warming is a progressive, gradual increase in the temperature of the Earth’s surface, which is associated with the greenhouse effect and leads to climate change on a global scale. Therefore, this essay writing topic is also relevant today.

Environmental Science Essay

Environmental science helps to find solutions to various modern environmental problems. An environmental science essay aims to explore multiple concepts that can help understand the environment.

Essay About Environmental Sustainability

An essay on environmental balance allows finding ways to effectively manage natural resources in production activities to save them for future needs.

Nature and Environment Essay

This essay should be well structured and include a detailed issue analysis. It is appropriate to indicate the existing natural and environmental problems and their possible solutions.

Environmental Argumentative Essay

Writing an environmental argumentative essay requires a thorough study of the topic, a clear definition of one’s own position, and bringing strong arguments to support it.

Environmental Issues Essay

This essay most often focuses on several environmental issues. It does not claim to substantiate the topic completely and only touches on the most important aspects of relevant environmental problems.

Environmental Law

The environmental law essay describes the legal aspects of solving environmental problems and indicates what measures can be taken at the state level.

Human Impact on the Environment Essay

This paper should include valuable tips for every citizen trying to contribute to protecting the environment.

Technology Saving Environment Essay

The technology saving environment paper aims to explore how modern technologies can contribute to preserving the environment and solving its current problems.

Environment Essay Sample

Consider the following examples in detail, and you will get a great result in your essay writing process!

Environmental Law Essay: Introduction Sample

Activities related to the improvement and protection of the environment are carried out weakly today. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to legislative measures to ensure the protection and rational use of land and water resources, atmospheric air, flora, and fauna.

Human Impact on the Environment Essay: Main Part Sample

Human impact on nature can be classified into positive (constructive) and negative (destructive). A positive impact involves preserving natural objects and increasing biological and geographical diversity. The negative impact is a consequence of the constant need to satisfy the needs of man and society.

Environmental Issues Essay: Conclusion Sample

Socio-economic problems are aggravated along with the depletion of natural resources, environmental pollution, deforestation, etc. All this ultimately leads to the deterioration of the health of the population. Therefore, the region’s socio-economic development should be based on the rational use of natural resources.

Writing an environment essay is not always an easy task. It requires in-depth knowledge and the ability to analyze information, provide strong arguments, and draw logical conclusions. It’s great if you can handle the task on your own. But if you have difficulties – feel free to get help from experienced writers.

Plagiarism-free

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Essay on Environment and Development

Students are often asked to write an essay on Environment and Development in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Environment and Development

Environment and development are two intertwined aspects of life. The environment provides us with resources for development, while development impacts the environment.

The Environment’s Role

The environment is our life source, offering air, water, food, and shelter. It’s a natural resource bank for human development.

Development’s Role

Development refers to the progress and growth of society. It uses resources from the environment, leading to advancements in various fields.

The Balance

Balancing environment and development is crucial. Overusing resources can harm the environment, while lack of development can hinder societal progress.

In conclusion, we must strive for sustainable development to ensure a healthy environment and continued progress.

250 Words Essay on Environment and Development

The relationship between environment and development is complex and multifaceted. Development often comes at the cost of the environment, but it is increasingly understood that sustainable development is impossible without considering environmental factors.

Development and Environmental Degradation

Historically, development has been synonymous with industrialization, leading to environmental degradation. Exploitation of natural resources, deforestation, and pollution have been the unfortunate byproducts of progress. This unsustainable trajectory has resulted in climate change, biodiversity loss, and other environmental crises.

Sustainable Development

Sustainable development is a concept that reconciles development with environmental preservation. It advocates for meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This approach requires innovative thinking, technological advancements, and a shift in societal values.

Role of Technology

Technology plays a crucial role in sustainable development. Renewable energy technologies, green infrastructure, and resource-efficient practices can significantly reduce the environmental impact of development. However, the adoption of these technologies requires political will and societal acceptance.

In conclusion, while development has historically been detrimental to the environment, a shift towards sustainable development is necessary for the future of our planet. This shift requires a reevaluation of our values, increased technological innovation, and a commitment to preserving the environment for future generations. The relationship between environment and development is not a zero-sum game; both can coexist harmoniously if we make the right choices.

500 Words Essay on Environment and Development

The environment and development are two interconnected spheres of human life. The environment, comprising of natural resources, is the foundation upon which human civilization thrives, while development signifies the progress and growth of society. The intricate relationship between these two elements is a subject of paramount importance in the contemporary world.

The Interplay of Environment and Development

Development, in its traditional sense, is often equated to economic growth. This growth, however, is largely dependent on the exploitation of natural resources. Industries extract minerals, forests are cleared for agriculture, and rivers are dammed for electricity. Such actions, while boosting the economy, often lead to environmental degradation. The loss of biodiversity, pollution, and climate change are some consequences of this unsustainable development.

Simultaneously, the environment is not just a passive recipient of these impacts. It plays a vital role in shaping the course of development. For instance, regions with rich biodiversity often attract tourism, contributing to local economies. On the contrary, areas prone to natural disasters often face developmental challenges.

Sustainable Development: A Solution

The concept of sustainable development emerged as a solution to the conflict between environment and development. It promotes a development strategy that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This approach advocates for the integration of environmental considerations into economic and social development plans.

Sustainable development calls for a shift from the traditional, linear economic model of ‘take-make-waste’ to a more circular ‘reduce-reuse-recycle’ model. It also emphasizes the need for renewable energy sources, sustainable agriculture, and green technologies.

Challenges and Opportunities

Implementing sustainable development, however, is not without challenges. It requires significant changes in policies, practices, and individual behaviors. The transition to renewable energy, for instance, is often hindered by economic and technological constraints. Similarly, sustainable agriculture practices may initially yield lower outputs, making them less attractive to farmers.

Despite these challenges, sustainable development presents numerous opportunities. It can lead to the creation of new industries and jobs in sectors like renewable energy, waste management, and eco-tourism. It can also improve public health by reducing pollution and promoting healthier lifestyles.

In conclusion, the relationship between the environment and development is complex and multifaceted. While development often leads to environmental degradation, a healthy environment is vital for sustainable development. The concept of sustainable development offers a balanced approach, integrating environmental, economic, and social considerations. Though it presents challenges, it also provides opportunities for a more sustainable and inclusive future. Therefore, it is incumbent upon us, as stewards of the planet, to promote and implement sustainable development practices for the betterment of both our environment and society.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

• Essay on Enabling Learning Environment
• Essay on World Environment Day
• Essay on Lifestyle for Environment

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

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Writing an Essay on the Environment

Our living conditions have an impact on how we behave and interact with other people. The effects of changing weather patterns and temperatures on living things have come under increasing scrutiny over time.

Although pollution and biodiversity are two additional topics worth writing about, climate change is undoubtedly one of the most dangerous and prevalent issues. Making a solid essay on the environment involves several steps beyond simply deciding what to write about.

There are a few things to consider when writing a paper on the environment. Of course, the format and citation style required for academic writing vary depending on the instructor. Remember to follow these and limit your answers to the question as stated in the assignment prompt. Here are some more pointers for writing an essay well.

Pick a good topic to begin with

Choosing a relevant topic is the most crucial step in producing excellent academic writing. There are numerous environmental factors on which you might base your paper. However, you must ensure that your chosen subject aligns with the assignment’s question, which is stated in the prompt. Of course, there are occasions when professors give their pupils a set of issues to choose from, negating the necessity for topic selection.

In other cases, teachers allow pupils to choose their own themes. With such flexibility comes the obligation to make sure your topic is current and pertinent to your project. Additionally, you must ensure that your topic is narrow enough to fit within the confines of your essay. People who struggle to come up with good ideas might google “ pay someone to write my paper ” to order custom writing from experts online.

Any of the following topics may be covered in your essay on the environment: biodiversity; climate change or global warming and its effects; environmental degradation and how it affects living things.

You must do some research to choose a current and relevant topic because the environment is such a vast subject. Additionally, be sure to focus on your theme.

Think of ideas and make a plan

The next step is brainstorming after you have chosen a topic for your essay. Thinking about the subject and writing down everything you know is what this procedure entails. The notes you’ve made here can be incorporated into your outline.

Having a solid approach when it comes to outlining will help you save time when you are doing your research and writing. The development of a working thesis statement and some preliminary investigation may be necessary at this stage.

Construct a compelling thesis statement

It’s time to develop a workable thesis now that you have a topic and an outline. Please be aware that while you conduct research and write your statement, it may change multiple times. You might come across new concepts as you work and alter your viewpoint on significant subjects. Any writer from the best writing services would say that your thesis should be concise, clear, debatable, and intriguing. It should make clear the stance you aim to defend in your argument.

Conduct analysis and gather sources

If you don’t collect adequate information and supporting facts, composing a solid essay on the environment is impossible. Academic papers of top quality make clear arguments and back up their claims with reliable evidence. Perform research using primary sources, credible websites, online journals, and books. To assist with citations and references, make sure to list the information’s sources. Most importantly, keep thorough notes to make arranging your article simpler.

Get to writing as soon as you can

Do not let the planning consume all of your time and leave no time for writing. Freewriting is allegedly the most straightforward method for overcoming writer’s block. Although there is a better technique, it involves creating an outline and researching each area of your article. Just make sure to give each critical point a paragraph and back it up with examples and proof from reliable sources.

Grammar and syntax shouldn’t be your main focus as you compose your article. Just focus on developing your ideas and points at this time. Finish by proofreading your work for grammar, content, and formatting consistency.

Please keep in mind that the advice given in this article is intended to help you as you write an academic essay. You must still ensure that your writing follows the guidelines for your assignment. The most crucial thing is to make sure you proofread and edit your work. You can do it yourself or hire the best college essay writing service to have it done professionally. This will save you from the mistakes and typos, and your essay on the environment will be of an outstanding quality!

Following these tips it will be easier to understand the steps of writing a perfectly done essay without messing it up the night before the deadline. Remember of your main goal – highlight the importance of a particular environmental issue and persuade the readers to do their contribution into its solving.

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Traditional Academic Essays In Three Parts

Part i: the introduction.

An introduction is usually the first paragraph of your academic essay. If you’re writing a long essay, you might need 2 or 3 paragraphs to introduce your topic to your reader. A good introduction does 2 things:

• Gets the reader’s attention. You can get a reader’s attention by telling a story, providing a statistic, pointing out something strange or interesting, providing and discussing an interesting quote, etc. Be interesting and find some original angle via which to engage others in your topic.
• Provides a specific and debatable thesis statement. The thesis statement is usually just one sentence long, but it might be longer—even a whole paragraph—if the essay you’re writing is long. A good thesis statement makes a debatable point, meaning a point someone might disagree with and argue against. It also serves as a roadmap for what you argue in your paper.

Part II: The Body Paragraphs

Body paragraphs help you prove your thesis and move you along a compelling trajectory from your introduction to your conclusion. If your thesis is a simple one, you might not need a lot of body paragraphs to prove it. If it’s more complicated, you’ll need more body paragraphs. An easy way to remember the parts of a body paragraph is to think of them as the MEAT of your essay:

Main Idea. The part of a topic sentence that states the main idea of the body paragraph. All of the sentences in the paragraph connect to it. Keep in mind that main ideas are…

• like labels. They appear in the first sentence of the paragraph and tell your reader what’s inside the paragraph.
• arguable. They’re not statements of fact; they’re debatable points that you prove with evidence.
• focused. Make a specific point in each paragraph and then prove that point.

Evidence. The parts of a paragraph that prove the main idea. You might include different types of evidence in different sentences. Keep in mind that different disciplines have different ideas about what counts as evidence and they adhere to different citation styles. Examples of evidence include…

• quotations and/or paraphrases from sources.
• facts , e.g. statistics or findings from studies you’ve conducted.
• narratives and/or descriptions , e.g. of your own experiences.

Analysis. The parts of a paragraph that explain the evidence. Make sure you tie the evidence you provide back to the paragraph’s main idea. In other words, discuss the evidence.

Transition. The part of a paragraph that helps you move fluidly from the last paragraph. Transitions appear in topic sentences along with main ideas, and they look both backward and forward in order to help you connect your ideas for your reader. Don’t end paragraphs with transitions; start with them.

Keep in mind that MEAT does not occur in that order. The “ T ransition” and the “ M ain Idea” often combine to form the first sentence—the topic sentence—and then paragraphs contain multiple sentences of evidence and analysis. For example, a paragraph might look like this: TM. E. E. A. E. E. A. A.

Part III: The Conclusion

A conclusion is the last paragraph of your essay, or, if you’re writing a really long essay, you might need 2 or 3 paragraphs to conclude. A conclusion typically does one of two things—or, of course, it can do both:

• Summarizes the argument. Some instructors expect you not to say anything new in your conclusion. They just want you to restate your main points. Especially if you’ve made a long and complicated argument, it’s useful to restate your main points for your reader by the time you’ve gotten to your conclusion. If you opt to do so, keep in mind that you should use different language than you used in your introduction and your body paragraphs. The introduction and conclusion shouldn’t be the same.
• For example, your argument might be significant to studies of a certain time period .
• Alternately, it might be significant to a certain geographical region .
• Alternately still, it might influence how your readers think about the future . You might even opt to speculate about the future and/or call your readers to action in your conclusion.

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Climate Change Essay for Students and Children

500+ words climate change essay.

Climate change refers to the change in the environmental conditions of the earth. This happens due to many internal and external factors. The climatic change has become a global concern over the last few decades. Besides, these climatic changes affect life on the earth in various ways. These climatic changes are having various impacts on the ecosystem and ecology. Due to these changes, a number of species of plants and animals have gone extinct.

When Did it Start?

The climate started changing a long time ago due to human activities but we came to know about it in the last century. During the last century, we started noticing the climatic change and its effect on human life. We started researching on climate change and came to know that the earth temperature is rising due to a phenomenon called the greenhouse effect. The warming up of earth surface causes many ozone depletion, affect our agriculture , water supply, transportation, and several other problems.

Reason Of Climate Change

Although there are hundreds of reason for the climatic change we are only going to discuss the natural and manmade (human) reasons.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Natural Reasons

These include volcanic eruption , solar radiation, tectonic plate movement, orbital variations. Due to these activities, the geographical condition of an area become quite harmful for life to survive. Also, these activities raise the temperature of the earth to a great extent causing an imbalance in nature.

Human Reasons

Man due to his need and greed has done many activities that not only harm the environment but himself too. Many plant and animal species go extinct due to human activity. Human activities that harm the climate include deforestation, using fossil fuel , industrial waste , a different type of pollution and many more. All these things damage the climate and ecosystem very badly. And many species of animals and birds got extinct or on a verge of extinction due to hunting.

Effects Of Climatic Change

These climatic changes have a negative impact on the environment. The ocean level is rising, glaciers are melting, CO2 in the air is increasing, forest and wildlife are declining, and water life is also getting disturbed due to climatic changes. Apart from that, it is calculated that if this change keeps on going then many species of plants and animals will get extinct. And there will be a heavy loss to the environment.

What will be Future?

If we do not do anything and things continue to go on like right now then a day in future will come when humans will become extinct from the surface of the earth. But instead of neglecting these problems we start acting on then we can save the earth and our future.

Although humans mistake has caused great damage to the climate and ecosystem. But, it is not late to start again and try to undo what we have done until now to damage the environment. And if every human start contributing to the environment then we can be sure of our existence in the future.

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How to Write an Essay Introduction (with Examples)   

The introduction of an essay plays a critical role in engaging the reader and providing contextual information about the topic. It sets the stage for the rest of the essay, establishes the tone and style, and motivates the reader to continue reading. 

Table of Contents

What is an essay introduction , what to include in an essay introduction, how to create an essay structure , step-by-step process for writing an essay introduction , how to write an introduction paragraph , how to write a hook for your essay , how to include background information , how to write a thesis statement .

• Argumentative Essay Introduction Example: 
• Expository Essay Introduction Example 

Literary Analysis Essay Introduction Example

Check and revise – checklist for essay introduction , key takeaways , frequently asked questions .

An introduction is the opening section of an essay, paper, or other written work. It introduces the topic and provides background information, context, and an overview of what the reader can expect from the rest of the work. 1 The key is to be concise and to the point, providing enough information to engage the reader without delving into excessive detail. 

The essay introduction is crucial as it sets the tone for the entire piece and provides the reader with a roadmap of what to expect. Here are key elements to include in your essay introduction: 

• Hook : Start with an attention-grabbing statement or question to engage the reader. This could be a surprising fact, a relevant quote, or a compelling anecdote. 
• Background information : Provide context and background information to help the reader understand the topic. This can include historical information, definitions of key terms, or an overview of the current state of affairs related to your topic. 
• Thesis statement : Clearly state your main argument or position on the topic. Your thesis should be concise and specific, providing a clear direction for your essay. 

Before we get into how to write an essay introduction, we need to know how it is structured. The structure of an essay is crucial for organizing your thoughts and presenting them clearly and logically. It is divided as follows: 2  

• Introduction:  The introduction should grab the reader’s attention with a hook, provide context, and include a thesis statement that presents the main argument or purpose of the essay.  
• Body:  The body should consist of focused paragraphs that support your thesis statement using evidence and analysis. Each paragraph should concentrate on a single central idea or argument and provide evidence, examples, or analysis to back it up.  
• Conclusion:  The conclusion should summarize the main points and restate the thesis differently. End with a final statement that leaves a lasting impression on the reader. Avoid new information or arguments. 

Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to write an essay introduction: 

• Start with a Hook : Begin your introduction paragraph with an attention-grabbing statement, question, quote, or anecdote related to your topic. The hook should pique the reader’s interest and encourage them to continue reading. 
• Provide Background Information : This helps the reader understand the relevance and importance of the topic. 
• State Your Thesis Statement : The last sentence is the main argument or point of your essay. It should be clear, concise, and directly address the topic of your essay. 
• Preview the Main Points : This gives the reader an idea of what to expect and how you will support your thesis. 
• Keep it Concise and Clear : Avoid going into too much detail or including information not directly relevant to your topic. 
• Revise : Revise your introduction after you’ve written the rest of your essay to ensure it aligns with your final argument. 

Here’s an example of an essay introduction paragraph about the importance of education: 

Education is often viewed as a fundamental human right and a key social and economic development driver. As Nelson Mandela once famously said, “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” It is the key to unlocking a wide range of opportunities and benefits for individuals, societies, and nations. In today’s constantly evolving world, education has become even more critical. It has expanded beyond traditional classroom learning to include digital and remote learning, making education more accessible and convenient. This essay will delve into the importance of education in empowering individuals to achieve their dreams, improving societies by promoting social justice and equality, and driving economic growth by developing a skilled workforce and promoting innovation. 

This introduction paragraph example includes a hook (the quote by Nelson Mandela), provides some background information on education, and states the thesis statement (the importance of education). 

This is one of the key steps in how to write an essay introduction. Crafting a compelling hook is vital because it sets the tone for your entire essay and determines whether your readers will stay interested. A good hook draws the reader in and sets the stage for the rest of your essay.  

• Avoid Dry Fact : Instead of simply stating a bland fact, try to make it engaging and relevant to your topic. For example, if you’re writing about the benefits of exercise, you could start with a startling statistic like, “Did you know that regular exercise can increase your lifespan by up to seven years?” 
• Avoid Using a Dictionary Definition : While definitions can be informative, they’re not always the most captivating way to start an essay. Instead, try to use a quote, anecdote, or provocative question to pique the reader’s interest. For instance, if you’re writing about freedom, you could begin with a quote from a famous freedom fighter or philosopher. 
• Do Not Just State a Fact That the Reader Already Knows : This ties back to the first point—your hook should surprise or intrigue the reader. For Here’s an introduction paragraph example, if you’re writing about climate change, you could start with a thought-provoking statement like, “Despite overwhelming evidence, many people still refuse to believe in the reality of climate change.” 

Including background information in the introduction section of your essay is important to provide context and establish the relevance of your topic. When writing the background information, you can follow these steps: 

• Start with a General Statement:  Begin with a general statement about the topic and gradually narrow it down to your specific focus. For example, when discussing the impact of social media, you can begin by making a broad statement about social media and its widespread use in today’s society, as follows: “Social media has become an integral part of modern life, with billions of users worldwide.” 
• Define Key Terms : Define any key terms or concepts that may be unfamiliar to your readers but are essential for understanding your argument. 
• Provide Relevant Statistics:  Use statistics or facts to highlight the significance of the issue you’re discussing. For instance, “According to a report by Statista, the number of social media users is expected to reach 4.41 billion by 2025.” 
• Discuss the Evolution:  Mention previous research or studies that have been conducted on the topic, especially those that are relevant to your argument. Mention key milestones or developments that have shaped its current impact. You can also outline some of the major effects of social media. For example, you can briefly describe how social media has evolved, including positives such as increased connectivity and issues like cyberbullying and privacy concerns. 
• Transition to Your Thesis:  Use the background information to lead into your thesis statement, which should clearly state the main argument or purpose of your essay. For example, “Given its pervasive influence, it is crucial to examine the impact of social media on mental health.” 

A thesis statement is a concise summary of the main point or claim of an essay, research paper, or other type of academic writing. It appears near the end of the introduction. Here’s how to write a thesis statement: 

• Identify the topic:  Start by identifying the topic of your essay. For example, if your essay is about the importance of exercise for overall health, your topic is “exercise.” 
• State your position:  Next, state your position or claim about the topic. This is the main argument or point you want to make. For example, if you believe that regular exercise is crucial for maintaining good health, your position could be: “Regular exercise is essential for maintaining good health.” 
• Support your position:  Provide a brief overview of the reasons or evidence that support your position. These will be the main points of your essay. For example, if you’re writing an essay about the importance of exercise, you could mention the physical health benefits, mental health benefits, and the role of exercise in disease prevention. 
• Make it specific:  Ensure your thesis statement clearly states what you will discuss in your essay. For example, instead of saying, “Exercise is good for you,” you could say, “Regular exercise, including cardiovascular and strength training, can improve overall health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.” 

Examples of essay introduction 

Here are examples of essay introductions for different types of essays: 

Argumentative Essay Introduction Example:  

Topic: Should the voting age be lowered to 16? 

“The question of whether the voting age should be lowered to 16 has sparked nationwide debate. While some argue that 16-year-olds lack the requisite maturity and knowledge to make informed decisions, others argue that doing so would imbue young people with agency and give them a voice in shaping their future.” 

Expository Essay Introduction Example  

Topic: The benefits of regular exercise 

“In today’s fast-paced world, the importance of regular exercise cannot be overstated. From improving physical health to boosting mental well-being, the benefits of exercise are numerous and far-reaching. This essay will examine the various advantages of regular exercise and provide tips on incorporating it into your daily routine.” 

Text: “To Kill a Mockingbird” by Harper Lee 

“Harper Lee’s novel, ‘To Kill a Mockingbird,’ is a timeless classic that explores themes of racism, injustice, and morality in the American South. Through the eyes of young Scout Finch, the reader is taken on a journey that challenges societal norms and forces characters to confront their prejudices. This essay will analyze the novel’s use of symbolism, character development, and narrative structure to uncover its deeper meaning and relevance to contemporary society.” 

• Engaging and Relevant First Sentence : The opening sentence captures the reader’s attention and relates directly to the topic. 
• Background Information : Enough background information is introduced to provide context for the thesis statement. 
• Definition of Important Terms : Key terms or concepts that might be unfamiliar to the audience or are central to the argument are defined. 
• Clear Thesis Statement : The thesis statement presents the main point or argument of the essay. 
• Relevance to Main Body : Everything in the introduction directly relates to and sets up the discussion in the main body of the essay. 

Writing a strong introduction is crucial for setting the tone and context of your essay. Here are the key takeaways for how to write essay introduction: 3  

• Hook the Reader : Start with an engaging hook to grab the reader’s attention. This could be a compelling question, a surprising fact, a relevant quote, or an anecdote. 
• Provide Background : Give a brief overview of the topic, setting the context and stage for the discussion. 
• Thesis Statement : State your thesis, which is the main argument or point of your essay. It should be concise, clear, and specific. 
• Preview the Structure : Outline the main points or arguments to help the reader understand the organization of your essay. 
• Keep it Concise : Avoid including unnecessary details or information not directly related to your thesis. 
• Revise and Edit : Revise your introduction to ensure clarity, coherence, and relevance. Check for grammar and spelling errors. 
• Seek Feedback : Get feedback from peers or instructors to improve your introduction further. 

The purpose of an essay introduction is to give an overview of the topic, context, and main ideas of the essay. It is meant to engage the reader, establish the tone for the rest of the essay, and introduce the thesis statement or central argument.  

An essay introduction typically ranges from 5-10% of the total word count. For example, in a 1,000-word essay, the introduction would be roughly 50-100 words. However, the length can vary depending on the complexity of the topic and the overall length of the essay.

An essay introduction is critical in engaging the reader and providing contextual information about the topic. To ensure its effectiveness, consider incorporating these key elements: a compelling hook, background information, a clear thesis statement, an outline of the essay’s scope, a smooth transition to the body, and optional signposting sentences.  

The process of writing an essay introduction is not necessarily straightforward, but there are several strategies that can be employed to achieve this end. When experiencing difficulty initiating the process, consider the following techniques: begin with an anecdote, a quotation, an image, a question, or a startling fact to pique the reader’s interest. It may also be helpful to consider the five W’s of journalism: who, what, when, where, why, and how.   For instance, an anecdotal opening could be structured as follows: “As I ascended the stage, momentarily blinded by the intense lights, I could sense the weight of a hundred eyes upon me, anticipating my next move. The topic of discussion was climate change, a subject I was passionate about, and it was my first public speaking event. Little did I know , that pivotal moment would not only alter my perspective but also chart my life’s course.” 

Crafting a compelling thesis statement for your introduction paragraph is crucial to grab your reader’s attention. To achieve this, avoid using overused phrases such as “In this paper, I will write about” or “I will focus on” as they lack originality. Instead, strive to engage your reader by substantiating your stance or proposition with a “so what” clause. While writing your thesis statement, aim to be precise, succinct, and clear in conveying your main argument.  

To create an effective essay introduction, ensure it is clear, engaging, relevant, and contains a concise thesis statement. It should transition smoothly into the essay and be long enough to cover necessary points but not become overwhelming. Seek feedback from peers or instructors to assess its effectiveness. 

References  

• Cui, L. (2022). Unit 6 Essay Introduction.  Building Academic Writing Skills . 
• West, H., Malcolm, G., Keywood, S., & Hill, J. (2019). Writing a successful essay.  Journal of Geography in Higher Education ,  43 (4), 609-617. 
• Beavers, M. E., Thoune, D. L., & McBeth, M. (2023). Bibliographic Essay: Reading, Researching, Teaching, and Writing with Hooks: A Queer Literacy Sponsorship. College English, 85(3), 230-242. 

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Related Reads:

• What is an Argumentative Essay? How to Write It (With Examples)
• How to Paraphrase Research Papers Effectively
• How to Cite Social Media Sources in Academic Writing? 
• How Long Should a Chapter Be?

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9.4 Writing Introductory and Concluding Paragraphs

Learning objectives.

• Recognize the importance of strong introductory and concluding paragraphs.
• Learn to engage the reader immediately with the introductory paragraph.
• Practice concluding your essays in a more memorable way.

Picture your introduction as a storefront window: You have a certain amount of space to attract your customers (readers) to your goods (subject) and bring them inside your store (discussion). Once you have enticed them with something intriguing, you then point them in a specific direction and try to make the sale (convince them to accept your thesis).

Your introduction is an invitation to your readers to consider what you have to say and then to follow your train of thought as you expand upon your thesis statement.

An introduction serves the following purposes:

• Establishes your voice and tone, or your attitude, toward the subject
• Introduces the general topic of the essay
• States the thesis that will be supported in the body paragraphs

First impressions are crucial and can leave lasting effects in your reader’s mind, which is why the introduction is so important to your essay. If your introductory paragraph is dull or disjointed, your reader probably will not have much interest in continuing with the essay.

Attracting Interest in Your Introductory Paragraph

Your introduction should begin with an engaging statement devised to provoke your readers’ interest. In the next few sentences, introduce them to your topic by stating general facts or ideas about the subject. As you move deeper into your introduction, you gradually narrow the focus, moving closer to your thesis. Moving smoothly and logically from your introductory remarks to your thesis statement can be achieved using a funnel technique , as illustrated in the diagram in Figure 9.1 “Funnel Technique” .

Figure 9.1 Funnel Technique

On a separate sheet of paper, jot down a few general remarks that you can make about the topic for which you formed a thesis in Section 9.1 “Developing a Strong, Clear Thesis Statement” .

Immediately capturing your readers’ interest increases the chances of having them read what you are about to discuss. You can garner curiosity for your essay in a number of ways. Try to get your readers personally involved by doing any of the following:

• Appealing to their emotions
• Using logic
• Beginning with a provocative question or opinion
• Opening with a startling statistic or surprising fact
• Raising a question or series of questions
• Presenting an explanation or rationalization for your essay
• Opening with a relevant quotation or incident
• Opening with a striking image
• Including a personal anecdote

Remember that your diction, or word choice, while always important, is most crucial in your introductory paragraph. Boring diction could extinguish any desire a person might have to read through your discussion. Choose words that create images or express action. For more information on diction, see Chapter 4 “Working with Words: Which Word Is Right?” .

In Chapter 8 “The Writing Process: How Do I Begin?” , you followed Mariah as she moved through the writing process. In this chapter, Mariah writes her introduction and conclusion for the same essay. Mariah incorporates some of the introductory elements into her introductory paragraph, which she previously outlined in Chapter 8 “The Writing Process: How Do I Begin?” . Her thesis statement is underlined.

If you have trouble coming up with a provocative statement for your opening, it is a good idea to use a relevant, attention-grabbing quote about your topic. Use a search engine to find statements made by historical or significant figures about your subject.

Writing at Work

In your job field, you may be required to write a speech for an event, such as an awards banquet or a dedication ceremony. The introduction of a speech is similar to an essay because you have a limited amount of space to attract your audience’s attention. Using the same techniques, such as a provocative quote or an interesting statistic, is an effective way to engage your listeners. Using the funnel approach also introduces your audience to your topic and then presents your main idea in a logical manner.

Reread each sentence in Mariah’s introductory paragraph. Indicate which techniques she used and comment on how each sentence is designed to attract her readers’ interest.

Writing a Conclusion

It is not unusual to want to rush when you approach your conclusion, and even experienced writers may fade. But what good writers remember is that it is vital to put just as much attention into the conclusion as in the rest of the essay. After all, a hasty ending can undermine an otherwise strong essay.

A conclusion that does not correspond to the rest of your essay, has loose ends, or is unorganized can unsettle your readers and raise doubts about the entire essay. However, if you have worked hard to write the introduction and body, your conclusion can often be the most logical part to compose.

The Anatomy of a Strong Conclusion

Keep in mind that the ideas in your conclusion must conform to the rest of your essay. In order to tie these components together, restate your thesis at the beginning of your conclusion. This helps you assemble, in an orderly fashion, all the information you have explained in the body. Repeating your thesis reminds your readers of the major arguments you have been trying to prove and also indicates that your essay is drawing to a close. A strong conclusion also reviews your main points and emphasizes the importance of the topic.

The construction of the conclusion is similar to the introduction, in which you make general introductory statements and then present your thesis. The difference is that in the conclusion you first paraphrase , or state in different words, your thesis and then follow up with general concluding remarks. These sentences should progressively broaden the focus of your thesis and maneuver your readers out of the essay.

Many writers like to end their essays with a final emphatic statement. This strong closing statement will cause your readers to continue thinking about the implications of your essay; it will make your conclusion, and thus your essay, more memorable. Another powerful technique is to challenge your readers to make a change in either their thoughts or their actions. Challenging your readers to see the subject through new eyes is a powerful way to ease yourself and your readers out of the essay.

When closing your essay, do not expressly state that you are drawing to a close. Relying on statements such as in conclusion , it is clear that , as you can see , or in summation is unnecessary and can be considered trite.

It is wise to avoid doing any of the following in your conclusion:

• Introducing new material
• Contradicting your thesis
• Changing your thesis
• Using apologies or disclaimers

Introducing new material in your conclusion has an unsettling effect on your reader. When you raise new points, you make your reader want more information, which you could not possibly provide in the limited space of your final paragraph.

Contradicting or changing your thesis statement causes your readers to think that you do not actually have a conviction about your topic. After all, you have spent several paragraphs adhering to a singular point of view. When you change sides or open up your point of view in the conclusion, your reader becomes less inclined to believe your original argument.

By apologizing for your opinion or stating that you know it is tough to digest, you are in fact admitting that even you know what you have discussed is irrelevant or unconvincing. You do not want your readers to feel this way. Effective writers stand by their thesis statement and do not stray from it.

On a separate sheet of a paper, restate your thesis from Note 9.52 “Exercise 2” of this section and then make some general concluding remarks. Next, compose a final emphatic statement. Finally, incorporate what you have written into a strong conclusion paragraph for your essay.

Collaboration

Please share with a classmate and compare your answers

Mariah incorporates some of these pointers into her conclusion. She has paraphrased her thesis statement in the first sentence.

Make sure your essay is balanced by not having an excessively long or short introduction or conclusion. Check that they match each other in length as closely as possible, and try to mirror the formula you used in each. Parallelism strengthens the message of your essay.

On the job you will sometimes give oral presentations based on research you have conducted. A concluding statement to an oral report contains the same elements as a written conclusion. You should wrap up your presentation by restating the purpose of the presentation, reviewing its main points, and emphasizing the importance of the material you presented. A strong conclusion will leave a lasting impression on your audience.

Key Takeaways

• A strong opening captures your readers’ interest and introduces them to your topic before you present your thesis statement.
• An introduction should restate your thesis, review your main points, and emphasize the importance of the topic.
• The funnel technique to writing the introduction begins with generalities and gradually narrows your focus until you present your thesis.
• A good introduction engages people’s emotions or logic, questions or explains the subject, or provides a striking image or quotation.
• Carefully chosen diction in both the introduction and conclusion prevents any confusing or boring ideas.
• A conclusion that does not connect to the rest of the essay can diminish the effect of your paper.
• The conclusion should remain true to your thesis statement. It is best to avoid changing your tone or your main idea and avoid introducing any new material.
• Closing with a final emphatic statement provides closure for your readers and makes your essay more memorable.

Writing for Success Copyright © 2015 by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Guide to Writing Introductions and Conclusions

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First and last impressions are important in any part of life, especially in writing. This is why the introduction and conclusion of any paper – whether it be a simple essay or a long research paper – are essential. Introductions and conclusions are just as important as the body of your paper. The introduction is what makes the reader want to continue reading your paper. The conclusion is what makes your paper stick in the reader’s mind.

Introductions

Your introductory paragraph should include:

1) Hook:  Description, illustration, narration or dialogue that pulls the reader into your paper topic. This should be interesting and specific.

2) Transition: Sentence that connects the hook with the thesis.

3) Thesis: Sentence (or two) that summarizes the overall main point of the paper. The thesis should answer the prompt question.

The examples below show are several ways to write a good introduction or opening to your paper. One example shows you how to paraphrase in your introduction. This will help you understand the idea of writing sequences using a hook, transition, and thesis statement.

» Thesis Statement Opening

This is the traditional style of opening a paper. This is a “mini-summary” of your paper.

For example:

» Opening with a Story (Anecdote)

A good way of catching your reader’s attention is by sharing a story that sets up your paper. Sharing a story gives a paper a more personal feel and helps make your reader comfortable.

This example was borrowed from Jack Gannon’s The Week the World Heard Gallaudet (1989):

Astrid Goodstein, a Gallaudet faculty member, entered the beauty salon for her regular appointment, proudly wearing her DPN button. (“I was married to that button that week!” she later confided.) When Sandy, her regular hairdresser, saw the button, he spoke and gestured, “Never! Never! Never!” Offended, Astrid turned around and headed for the door but stopped short of leaving. She decided to keep her appointment, confessing later that at that moment, her sense of principles had lost out to her vanity. Later she realized that her hairdresser had thought she was pushing for a deaf U.S. President. Hook: a specific example or story that interests the reader and introduces the topic.

Transition: connects the hook to the thesis statement

Thesis: summarizes the overall claim of the paper

» Specific Detail Opening

Giving specific details about your subject appeals to your reader’s curiosity and helps establish a visual picture of what your paper is about.

» Open with a Quotation

Another method of writing an introduction is to open with a quotation. This method makes your introduction more interactive and more appealing to your reader.

» Open with an Interesting Statistic

Statistics that grab the reader help to make an effective introduction.

» Question Openings

Possibly the easiest opening is one that presents one or more questions to be answered in the paper. This is effective because questions are usually what the reader has in mind when he or she sees your topic.

Source : *Writing an Introduction for a More Formal Essay. (2012). Retrieved April 25, 2012, from http://flightline.highline.edu/wswyt/Writing91/handouts/hook_trans_thesis.htm

Conclusions

The conclusion to any paper is the final impression that can be made. It is the last opportunity to get your point across to the reader and leave the reader feeling as if they learned something. Leaving a paper “dangling” without a proper conclusion can seriously devalue what was said in the body itself. Here are a few effective ways to conclude or close your paper. » Summary Closing Many times conclusions are simple re-statements of the thesis. Many times these conclusions are much like their introductions (see Thesis Statement Opening).

» Close with a Logical Conclusion

This is a good closing for argumentative or opinion papers that present two or more sides of an issue. The conclusion drawn as a result of the research is presented here in the final paragraphs.

» Real or Rhetorical Question Closings

This method of concluding a paper is one step short of giving a logical conclusion. Rather than handing the conclusion over, you can leave the reader with a question that causes him or her to draw his own conclusions.

» Close with a Speculation or Opinion This is a good style for instances when the writer was unable to come up with an answer or a clear decision about whatever it was he or she was researching. For example:

» Close with a Recommendation

A good conclusion is when the writer suggests that the reader do something in the way of support for a cause or a plea for them to take action.

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How To Write An Essay – Introduction, Body & Conclusion

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An essay is a structured piece of writing that presents an argument, tells a story, or explores a topic in depth. In academic writing , the term academic essay is frequently used. This denotes a carefully crafted piece of writing that adheres to certain standards and conventions, aiming to contribute to existing discourse or to provide a fresh perspective. With this article, we will help you understand the basics of how to write an essay, so you can receive good grades on your next work.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

• 1 How to write an essay in a nutshell
• 2 Definition: How to write an essay
• 3 Different types of how to write an essay
• 4 Step-by-step guide on how to write an essay
• 5 Structuring the paragraphs
• 6 Essay examples
• 7 Dos and don‘ts of how to write an essay

How to write an essay in a nutshell

Before you start on how to write an essay, you should read the essay question or topic carefully. Know what’s being asked of you. In the next step, you gather information and ideas about the topic. Use books, articles, or other reputable sources. Afterward, outline your main points and decide on a thesis (your main argument or stance) and supporting arguments.

An essay is typically made up of three parts :

After you finish writing your essay, review your writing by paying attention to errors, clarity, and flow. Make sure your arguments are logical and well-presented. Check format, and citations (if any), and ensure it adheres to any guidelines given.

Definition: How to write an essay

How to write an essay refers to the systematic process of creating a structured written piece that presents and supports a specific idea or argument. This process typically involves selecting a topic, conducting research, planning and organizing one’s thoughts, drafting the content, and revising for clarity and coherence. The final product, an essay, is often a combination of an introduction that presents the main idea (thesis), body paragraphs that provide evidence or examples supporting the thesis, and a conclusion that summarizes and reinforces the main points.

Different types of how to write an essay

If you are eager to learn how to write an essay, keep these five types in mind:

• Narrative essay
• Descriptive essay
• Persuasive essay
• Compare-and-contrast essay
• Expository essay

Note: It is important to know what type of academic essay you have to write for your assignment. The type helps you to decide on a topic to write about as well as how to structure your essay outline.

Essay at university and high school

When you are given a typical five-paragraph expository essay , you would simply spend most of your time writing in high school. However, if you are at university, a college-level argumentative essay is bound to be a more complex piece of writing. It demands extensive independent research from varied sources, has stricter guidelines, and often requires deeper critical thinking compared to the more straightforward or surface-level student papers in high school. Depending on where you are in your academic journey, there is a vast difference when it comes to how to write an essay.

Step-by-step guide on how to write an essay

The process of how to write an essay can be broadly distilled into three main points or stages: Pre-writing and planning, drafting, and revising and editing.

For the planning, you should:

• Understand the essay question or prompt
• Conduct preliminary research to gather relevant sources
• Work on your essay outline

During the drafting, you:

• Craft a compelling introduction
• Develop the body of the essay
• Construct a conclusion

In the last step, you revise and edit your text. For this, you:

• Review for coherence, consistency, and logical flow
• Proofread for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors
• Ensure the essay follows the required format or style guide (e.g., APA Style , MLA )
• Seek feedback from peers, tutors, or mentors and make necessary adjustments

Below you find the steps on how to write an entire essay.

Finishing touches

How to write an essay introduction is not difficult if you know what you should do. You have to lead into the topic and essay question, attract the reader’s attention, and give them a good idea of the focus of the essay. Use attention grabbers, also called hooks , like startling information, an anecdote, a dialogue, a strong statement, or a summary of the topic in general. Add a few more sentences to link the hook to your thesis statement, also called the topic sentence, that marks the end of the essay introduction .

From a child’s first taste of honey to the blooms in our gardens, honeybees touch our lives in unseen, myriad ways. These tiny workers, buzzing from flower to flower, play a crucial role in pollination, ensuring the reproduction of many of our favorite plants. However, the mysterious decline in honeybee populations poses a significant threat to our ecosystem. This essay will explore the significance of honeybees in our ecosystem, delve into the potential reasons behind their alarming decline, and propose solutions to address this growing crisis.

• Thesis statement
• Structure overview

Each of the main ideas in your outline will become one paragraph. Each of those paragraphs follows the same basic structure. First, you have to write down your main ideas. Then you add your supporting points as well as an elaboration (description, explanation, etc.) for each point. Lastly, round it up with a closing sentence. Make sure to use connections between sentences with the help of transition words , so the change in topic does not come abruptly.

Honeybees are not merely producers of honey; they are pivotal players in the world’s food chain. According to a report by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), over 75% of the world’s food crops rely to some extent on animal pollination, with honeybees being among the most effective pollinators. This means that fruits such as apples, nuts like almonds, and even the coffee beans that make our morning brew, owe their existence in large part to the tireless work of these bees. The evidence underscores the gravity of the situation: a world with a declining bee population is one that risks significant disruption in its food supply chain. Such a decline doesn’t only spell trouble for the plants directly dependent on bees, but also for the animals and humans that consume those plants, creating a cascading effect on the larger ecosystem.

• Topic sentence

You have to summarize your main points as well as give a final perspective on the topic. Help your reader to draw a logical conclusion from what they just read. Repack your thesis statement in your conclusion so that the reader can remember the individual steps taken to come to this conclusion. Moreover, you should answer questions like: What are the implications of your topic sentence being true? What comes next? What questions remained unanswered?

The waning number of honeybees in our environment is not just a matter of ecological concern, but a looming crisis that touches every facet of our lives. As we’ve explored, these industrious insects are instrumental in the pollination of a vast majority of our food crops, a process vital to our global food supply chain. The evidence from reputable sources, such as the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, affirms the profound role honeybees play in sustaining our diets and of countless species. But beyond the tangible effects on food, the decline of honeybees serves as a potent reminder of the intricate, interconnected web of life and our role within it. If such a small creature can have such a vast impact on our world, it behooves us to take their decline as a clarion call. The broader implication is clear: preserving and nurturing our environment is not just an ethical duty; it’s a matter of survival, urging us to act with purpose.

• Return to the thesis
• Review of the key points
• Stating the broader implications

Come up with an intriguing title that arouses the reader’s interest. Furthermore, take your time to do the formatting of your paper. You also might want to put the paragraphs in a different order. Check the instructions again because you might have to include other information (name, date, etc.). Handing in a well-formatted academic essay makes a good impression on your instructor.

When it comes to how to write an essay, revision is the key to success. You have to analyze your writing to figure out if it makes logical sense and if there is a natural flow that makes it easy to read. Is every main idea supported by enough evidence, did you make clear how ideas are linked? Run a spelling and grammar checker to be on the safe side. Moreover, ask a friend to read your academic essay to give you feedback. Occasionally, you cannot see the mistakes when it comes to your writing. Having another opinion on your paper helps you with your revisions.

Structuring the paragraphs

Each paragraph should have an introductory, topic-based sentence as well as a concluding sentence that draws a link to the topic and critically summarizes your argument.

Follow with sentences that provide evidence or examples to back up the topic sentence. This can include data, quotations, anecdotes, or explanations. Delve deeper into the significance of the supporting details in relation to your main argument. Explain how the evidence supports the topic sentence and contributes to the overall thesis of the essay.

Furthermore, you should pay attention to coherence, consistency, flow, variety, and relevance.

• Stay consistent in tense, perspective, and style.
• Use transition sentences , a link between sentences, to guide the reader.
• Vary sentence structure and length to keep the reader engaged.
• Every paragraph should relate back to and support the essay’s overall thesis or argument.
• Avoid digressions or unnecessary details.

Essay examples

In the following, you will find samples of how to write an essay. Here, you can read several essay types , whether to help you get started or if you’re simply unsure how to distinguish them.

Dos and don‘ts of how to write an essay

Below, you will find a list of the dos and don’ts of how to write an essay.

• Signposting language
• Stay focused
• Write the body first
• Revise your writing
• Plain and clear writing style
• Procrastination
• Generalizations
• Use of personal pronouns
• Writing without an outline
• Contractions

How do you structure an essay?

The typical essay structure is easier to understand than the structure of a dissertation or thesis. There are many types of essays, but the structure remains mostly unchanged. You start with the introduction, then the body paragraphs, and finally, the conclusion.

How do you start writing an essay?

To start your essay, you first need an appropriate research paper topic . Ensure that your topic fits within the guidelines set by your institution, and it’s not too broad or narrow. Then, formulate your thesis statement and begin outlining a plan for your academic essay. Once you’re finished, you can start on how to write an essay.

What is a good essay introduction?

A good essay introduction will begin with an opening statement that grabs the reader’s attention and draws them in. Then, you give a bit of background information and lay out the structure for the reader. The thesis statement should be placed towards the end of the introduction, as it provides one to two sentences of a summary of your essay and the main idea.

What are the five steps of writing an essay?

The five steps on how to write an essay are the following.

• Planning: Understand the prompt and organize your ideas.
• Research: Gather relevant information and evidence.
• Drafting: Write the initial version of the essay.
• Revising: Refine content for clarity and coherence.
• Editing: Proofread for grammar, punctuation, and formatting errors.

What makes an essay good?

A good essay is clear, coherent, well-organized, presents strong arguments supported by relevant evidence, and is written with a consistent style and proper grammar. Furthermore, it starts with a bold statement and ends with an impactful conclusion.

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• How to write an argumentative essay | Examples & tips

How to Write an Argumentative Essay | Examples & Tips

Published on July 24, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on July 23, 2023.

An argumentative essay expresses an extended argument for a particular thesis statement . The author takes a clearly defined stance on their subject and builds up an evidence-based case for it.

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Table of contents

When do you write an argumentative essay, approaches to argumentative essays, introducing your argument, the body: developing your argument, concluding your argument, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about argumentative essays.

You might be assigned an argumentative essay as a writing exercise in high school or in a composition class. The prompt will often ask you to argue for one of two positions, and may include terms like “argue” or “argument.” It will frequently take the form of a question.

The prompt may also be more open-ended in terms of the possible arguments you could make.

Argumentative writing at college level

At university, the vast majority of essays or papers you write will involve some form of argumentation. For example, both rhetorical analysis and literary analysis essays involve making arguments about texts.

In this context, you won’t necessarily be told to write an argumentative essay—but making an evidence-based argument is an essential goal of most academic writing, and this should be your default approach unless you’re told otherwise.

Examples of argumentative essay prompts

At a university level, all the prompts below imply an argumentative essay as the appropriate response.

Your research should lead you to develop a specific position on the topic. The essay then argues for that position and aims to convince the reader by presenting your evidence, evaluation and analysis.

• Don’t just list all the effects you can think of.
• Do develop a focused argument about the overall effect and why it matters, backed up by evidence from sources.
• Don’t just provide a selection of data on the measures’ effectiveness.
• Do build up your own argument about which kinds of measures have been most or least effective, and why.
• Don’t just analyze a random selection of doppelgänger characters.
• Do form an argument about specific texts, comparing and contrasting how they express their thematic concerns through doppelgänger characters.

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An argumentative essay should be objective in its approach; your arguments should rely on logic and evidence, not on exaggeration or appeals to emotion.

There are many possible approaches to argumentative essays, but there are two common models that can help you start outlining your arguments: The Toulmin model and the Rogerian model.

Toulmin arguments

The Toulmin model consists of four steps, which may be repeated as many times as necessary for the argument:

• Make a claim
• Provide the grounds (evidence) for the claim
• Explain the warrant (how the grounds support the claim)
• Discuss possible rebuttals to the claim, identifying the limits of the argument and showing that you have considered alternative perspectives

The Toulmin model is a common approach in academic essays. You don’t have to use these specific terms (grounds, warrants, rebuttals), but establishing a clear connection between your claims and the evidence supporting them is crucial in an argumentative essay.

Say you’re making an argument about the effectiveness of workplace anti-discrimination measures. You might:

• Claim that unconscious bias training does not have the desired results, and resources would be better spent on other approaches
• Cite data to support your claim
• Explain how the data indicates that the method is ineffective
• Anticipate objections to your claim based on other data, indicating whether these objections are valid, and if not, why not.

Rogerian arguments

The Rogerian model also consists of four steps you might repeat throughout your essay:

• Discuss what the opposing position gets right and why people might hold this position
• Highlight the problems with this position
• Present your own position , showing how it addresses these problems
• Suggest a possible compromise —what elements of your position would proponents of the opposing position benefit from adopting?

This model builds up a clear picture of both sides of an argument and seeks a compromise. It is particularly useful when people tend to disagree strongly on the issue discussed, allowing you to approach opposing arguments in good faith.

Say you want to argue that the internet has had a positive impact on education. You might:

• Acknowledge that students rely too much on websites like Wikipedia
• Argue that teachers view Wikipedia as more unreliable than it really is
• Suggest that Wikipedia’s system of citations can actually teach students about referencing
• Suggest critical engagement with Wikipedia as a possible assignment for teachers who are skeptical of its usefulness.

You don’t necessarily have to pick one of these models—you may even use elements of both in different parts of your essay—but it’s worth considering them if you struggle to structure your arguments.

Regardless of which approach you take, your essay should always be structured using an introduction , a body , and a conclusion .

Like other academic essays, an argumentative essay begins with an introduction . The introduction serves to capture the reader’s interest, provide background information, present your thesis statement , and (in longer essays) to summarize the structure of the body.

Hover over different parts of the example below to see how a typical introduction works.

The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education. The use of the internet in academic contexts is on the rise, and its role in learning is hotly debated. For many teachers who did not grow up with this technology, its effects seem alarming and potentially harmful. This concern, while understandable, is misguided. The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its critical benefits for students and educators—as a uniquely comprehensive and accessible information source; a means of exposure to and engagement with different perspectives; and a highly flexible learning environment.

The body of an argumentative essay is where you develop your arguments in detail. Here you’ll present evidence, analysis, and reasoning to convince the reader that your thesis statement is true.

In the standard five-paragraph format for short essays, the body takes up three of your five paragraphs. In longer essays, it will be more paragraphs, and might be divided into sections with headings.

Each paragraph covers its own topic, introduced with a topic sentence . Each of these topics must contribute to your overall argument; don’t include irrelevant information.

This example paragraph takes a Rogerian approach: It first acknowledges the merits of the opposing position and then highlights problems with that position.

Hover over different parts of the example to see how a body paragraph is constructed.

A common frustration for teachers is students’ use of Wikipedia as a source in their writing. Its prevalence among students is not exaggerated; a survey found that the vast majority of the students surveyed used Wikipedia (Head & Eisenberg, 2010). An article in The Guardian stresses a common objection to its use: “a reliance on Wikipedia can discourage students from engaging with genuine academic writing” (Coomer, 2013). Teachers are clearly not mistaken in viewing Wikipedia usage as ubiquitous among their students; but the claim that it discourages engagement with academic sources requires further investigation. This point is treated as self-evident by many teachers, but Wikipedia itself explicitly encourages students to look into other sources. Its articles often provide references to academic publications and include warning notes where citations are missing; the site’s own guidelines for research make clear that it should be used as a starting point, emphasizing that users should always “read the references and check whether they really do support what the article says” (“Wikipedia:Researching with Wikipedia,” 2020). Indeed, for many students, Wikipedia is their first encounter with the concepts of citation and referencing. The use of Wikipedia therefore has a positive side that merits deeper consideration than it often receives.

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An argumentative essay ends with a conclusion that summarizes and reflects on the arguments made in the body.

No new arguments or evidence appear here, but in longer essays you may discuss the strengths and weaknesses of your argument and suggest topics for future research. In all conclusions, you should stress the relevance and importance of your argument.

Hover over the following example to see the typical elements of a conclusion.

The internet has had a major positive impact on the world of education; occasional pitfalls aside, its value is evident in numerous applications. The future of teaching lies in the possibilities the internet opens up for communication, research, and interactivity. As the popularity of distance learning shows, students value the flexibility and accessibility offered by digital education, and educators should fully embrace these advantages. The internet’s dangers, real and imaginary, have been documented exhaustively by skeptics, but the internet is here to stay; it is time to focus seriously on its potential for good.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

• Ad hominem fallacy
• Post hoc fallacy
• Appeal to authority fallacy
• False cause fallacy
• Sunk cost fallacy

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An argumentative essay tends to be a longer essay involving independent research, and aims to make an original argument about a topic. Its thesis statement makes a contentious claim that must be supported in an objective, evidence-based way.

An expository essay also aims to be objective, but it doesn’t have to make an original argument. Rather, it aims to explain something (e.g., a process or idea) in a clear, concise way. Expository essays are often shorter assignments and rely less on research.

At college level, you must properly cite your sources in all essays , research papers , and other academic texts (except exams and in-class exercises).

Add a citation whenever you quote , paraphrase , or summarize information or ideas from a source. You should also give full source details in a bibliography or reference list at the end of your text.

The exact format of your citations depends on which citation style you are instructed to use. The most common styles are APA , MLA , and Chicago .

The majority of the essays written at university are some sort of argumentative essay . Unless otherwise specified, you can assume that the goal of any essay you’re asked to write is argumentative: To convince the reader of your position using evidence and reasoning.

In composition classes you might be given assignments that specifically test your ability to write an argumentative essay. Look out for prompts including instructions like “argue,” “assess,” or “discuss” to see if this is the goal.

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Make a claim. Provide the grounds (evidence) for the claim. Explain the warrant (how the grounds support the claim) Discuss possible rebuttals to the claim, identifying the limits of the argument and showing that you have considered alternative perspectives. The Toulmin model is a common approach in academic essays.