master thesis video games

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Affection of game elements on acrophobia therapy

The affective effect of objects in game with simple geometric features and motion

Analysis of immersive virtual reality vs. desktop 3D games

Analysis of serious games in biology

ARScape: exploring mobile augmented reality design for escape rooms.

Art styles rendering techniques survey and making a tool to switch art styles in Unity 3D

Augmented reality block building game for enhancing creativity: block sculptures.

Automated playtesting of platformer games using reinforcement learning

Backtracking: an ecological investigation to contextualize rewards in games.

The balance between monetization and player retention for free-to-play real-time strategy mobile games

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Gaming the System: Video Games as Coursework and Pedagogy

• Masters Thesis
• Trillion Dana Donahue San Francisco State University
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The following student theses involved games as part of their research project at LIACS.

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• 2021 — Edith Järv  (Masters Thesis) All Work and No Play Makes Jack an Inefficient Employee: a Study on Video Games' Effects on Sustained Attention Supervised by Iris Yocarini and Marcello A. Gómez-Maureira
• 2021 — Duncan Kampert  (Masters Thesis) Mimicking the Human Approach in the Game of Hive Supervised by Ana-Lucia Varbanescu and Matthias Müller-Brockhausen and Aske Plaat
• 2021 — Jianing Wang  (Masters Thesis) Count-Based Exploration for Multi-Agent Learning Supervised by Aske Plaat and Matthias Müller-Brockhausen
• 2020 — Romy Koch  (Masters Thesis) Losing yourself; the bidirectional influence of the player and the role in table top role playing games Supervised by Max J. van Duijn and Marcello A. Gómez-Maureira
• 2020 — Claudia M. Agustini Quiroz  (Masters Thesis) Narrative Choices and Agency Supervised by Max J. van Duijn and Marcello A. Gómez-Maureira
• 2019 — Giulio Barbero  (Masters Thesis) Intentionality and Engagement: The effects of video game engagement on mindreading performance Supervised by Max J. van Duijn and Marcello A. Gómez-Maureira
• 2019 — Lotte van der Kamp  (Masters Thesis) First Person vs. Third Person perspective in a digital Memory Palace Supervised by Tessa
• 2018 — Yanni Xiong  (Masters Thesis) Gamified Learning: Using Narrative to Enhance Second Language Learning Supervised by Fons J. Verbeek and Marcello A. Gómez-Maureira

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Home > MASTERS_PAPERS > School of Professional Studies > 54

The Practical Applications of Video Games Beyond Entertainment

Jack Martin , Clark University

Date of Award

Degree type, degree name.

Master of Science in Professional Communication (MSPC)

School of Professional Studies

Chief Instructor

Mary Piecewicz

MSPC, video games, entertainment, education, social, accessible technology

Much of the attention directed toward video games is focused on their role as entertainment. However, researchers have found that video games can have other, more practical uses for society. This thesis is designed to examine three specific examples of the practical applications of video games: video games in education, video games as accessible technology, and the social uses of video games. This project is based on pre-existing research conducted by professionals studying the aforementioned subtopics. Anecdotal stories from educators, people with disabilities, and developers are also discussed. The thesis explores specific examples of video games being used practically, and the researcher suggests several opportunities for further research on the topic.

Recommended Citation

Martin, Jack, "The Practical Applications of Video Games Beyond Entertainment" (2020). School of Professional Studies . 54. https://commons.clarku.edu/sps_masters_papers/54

Since January 08, 2021

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Video games industry'

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Li, King-lun, and 李景麟. "Nintendo revolution: what is happening in videogame industry and individuals." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44676670.

Nichols, Randall James. "The games people play : a political economic analysis of video games and their production /." view abstract or download file of text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3201695.

Lee, Alger Y. J. "Innovation and Strategy in Video games development : A multiple case study of Taiwan' Video game industry." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509836.

Banks, John A. L. "Participatory culture and enjoyment in the video games industry : reconfiguring the player-developer relationship /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18404.pdf.

Söderman, Anton. "Den svenskadataspelsbranschen." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-261113.

Sandqvist, Ulf. "Digitala drömmar : en studie av den svenska dator- och tv-spelsbranschen 1980-2005." Licentiate thesis, Umeå University, Department of Economic History, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1470.

This licentiate thesis describes the development of the Swedish computer and video game industry. The main focus is on the Swedish game development industry. Little research on the industry has been done and the purpose is to define the companies involved and to create an initial overview of the development of the industry. This overview will later be used as a platform for the doctorial thesis.

Games are a growing culture form and today a lot of people are playing different types of computer and video games. Internationally the industry has expanded and some of the successful games have generated spectacular revenues. In Sweden the industry has received attention from different actors like universities, government bodies and media. There are today educations that are focused on game development and there are programs which allocates grants towards game companies. The rapid development in the computers technology has had a great impact on the game industry, which is dependent on hardware development to create games.

The first computer games were made for some of the very first computers in the 1940´s and 1950´s. In the 1970´s a market for games was created when arcade machines and somewhat later home consoles were introduced. The industry has grown and includes today some of the largest companies in the world.

The Swedish industry follows the international pattern but developed a bit later and the first Swedish game companies were founded in the late 1980´s. The industry has expanded, especially between 1998 and 2002. In 2005 the number of people employed in the industry had increased to over 600. During the period under study the industry seems to have had a constant problem with making a profit. Especially in 2002 and 2003 the industry has had economic problems and some of the lager companies were bankrupt.

Kiley, Aleah. "Indie Inclusion?: Analyzing Diversity in the Independent Video Game Industry." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20539.

Hadzinsky, Chad. "A Look into the Industry of Video Games Past, Present, and Yet to Come." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/842.

Clearwater, David A. "Full spectrum propaganda : the U.S. military, video games, and the genre of the military-themed shooter." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100338.

Cunningham, Isobel. "An investigation into the formation and nature of entrepreneurial teams within the video games industry." Thesis, Ulster University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.593629.

Rodgers, Thomas Arthur. "Into the social factory : an investigation into labour & value in the video-games industry." Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17634/.

McDivitt, Anne. "I Play to Beat the Machine: Masculinity and the Video Game Industry in the United States." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5817.

Cruea, Mark Douglas. "The Virtual Hand: Exploring the Societal Effects of Video Game Industry Business Models." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1320430304.

Ruiz, Victoria Jeronimo, and Arne Samuel Löffler. "Identifying and testing success factors for brand extensions in the Video Game Industry : The differences between segments of players and a model for predicting success in the Tomb Raider Series." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18155.

Sandqvist, Ulf. "Digitala drömmar och industriell utveckling : en studie av den svenska dator- och tv-spelsindustrin 1980-2010." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk historia, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-33912.

Carr, Marian. "Looking at the video/computer games industry : what implications does gender socialisation have for women in counter-stereotypical careers?" Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2015. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/28330/.

Boyer, Steven Andrew. "L337 Soccer Moms: Conceptions of "Hardcore" and "Casual" in the Digital Games Medium." Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia State University, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/communication_theses/53/.

Schrank, Brian. "Play beyond flow: a theory of avant-garde videogames." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42865.

Zijlstra, Peter, and Christiaan Visser. "Developing Business Models in the Video Game Industry : An evaluation to strategic choices made by small and medium-sized development studios." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Informatik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18618.

Rathburn, Evie Amanda. "Evolution of Interactive Entertainment: An Economic History and Analysis of the Videogames Industry in the United States." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1403.

Marais, Marius. "Expanding MIHL subscriber platform services." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49728.

Mullee, Sean. "The Effects of Hype on the Free-to-Play Pricing Strategy in the Online Video Game Industry." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1588196222423073.

Alonso, Kevin, and Erik Jigvall. "Thinking Outside the Lootbox : Balancing on the Scale of Gacha." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för speldesign, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355652.

Dymek, Mikolaj. "Industrial Phantasmagoria : Subcultural Interactive Cinema Meets Mass-Cultural Media of Simulation." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Avd.), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-13084.

Tapani, J. (Juho). "Game usability in North American video game industry." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201611113008.

Klinger, Florian. "The future of the video game industry." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-150475.

Ponza, Elena <1995&gt. "Analysis of Innovation in the Video Game Industry." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18155.

Eriksson, Gustav, and Erik Almér. "Understanding the business model in the video game industry : A case study on an independent video game developer." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-43808.

Méndez, Ortega Carles. "Location of Software and Video Game Industry in Metropolitan Areas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667789.

Habbari, Samia, Arreola Alfredo Hidalgo, and Petrova Antoniya Georgieva. "Business Dynamics and Innovation in the Home Video Game Industry." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, EMM (Entrepreneurship, Marketing, Management), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12836.

The purpose of this thesis is to present and analyze the innovations in the home video game industry and their impact on the competitive strategies of the companies in the indus-try. The existing literature about business cycles and business dynamics is scarce from busi-ness administrative perspective. This thesis contributes to fill the gap in the academic literature. The choice of the home video game industry has been done, due to its fast growing economic nature and the rapid changes that can be noticed, especially for the last decade. A qualitative research method with secondary qualitative and quantitative data and primary qualitative data through interviews has been used for this thesis. The home video game industry is highly driven by technological product innovations. Incremental innovations do not affect in a significant way the dynamics within the industry. Radical innovations create a competitive advantage through differentiation and they increase market share for the company which followed this strategy. Disruptive innovations open new markets, change the business environment for every firm and generate a shift in consumer preferences. Hence, the company which implements a disruptive innovation gains extensive market share. Innovations are possible due to the strategic orientation a company aims to pursue. If a company pursues a high market orientation and a low inno-vation orientation it manufactures an upgraded product to keep customers satisfied. When the firm pursues a high market and innovation orientation, the final product includes cha-racteristics that the customers desire. While at the same time the product created offers services and features hard to be matched by the competition. Finally, if a firm pursues a high innovation orientation and a low market orientation strategy, it creates an easier and more convenient alternative on the existing products while being cheaper. At the same time this strategic orientation disregards the established customers' desires.The purpose of this thesis is to present and analyze the innovations in the home video game industry and their impact on the competitive strategies of the companies in the indus-try. The existing literature about business cycles and business dynamics is scarce from busi-ness administrative perspective. This thesis contributes to fill the gap in the academic litera-ture. The choice of the home video game industry has been done, due to its fast growing economic nature and the rapid changes that can be noticed, especially for the last decade. A qualitative research method with secondary qualitative and quantitative data and primary qualitative data through interviews has been used for this thesis.The home video game industry is highly driven by technological product innovations. Incremental innovations do not affect in a significant way the dynamics within the industry. Radical innovations create a competitive advantage through differentiation and they increase market share for the company which followed this strategy. Disruptive innovations open new markets, change the business environment for every firm and generate a shift in consumer preferences. Hence, the company which implements a disruptive innovation gains extensive market share. Innovations are possible due to the strategic orientation a company aims to pursue. If a company pursues a high market orientation and a low inno-vation orientation it manufactures an upgraded product to keep customers satisfied. When the firm pursues a high market and innovation orientation, the final product includes cha-racteristics that the customers desire. While at the same time the product created offers services and features hard to be matched by the competition. Finally, if a firm pursues a high innovation orientation and a low market orientation strategy, it creates an easier and more convenient alternative on the existing products while being cheaper. At the same time this strategic orientation disregards the established customers' desires.

GOES, GIL BARRETO DE. "INTERNATIONALIZATION PROCESS IN THE BRAZILIAN VIDEO GAME INDUSTRY: CASE STUDIES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=24496@1.

Hammarsten, Oskar, and Sofie Hägerbrand. "The unexplored power of buzz in the video game industry." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42316.

Farhana, Mosarrat, and Daniel Swietlicki. "Is it game over for physical retailers? : A study on Swedish video game industry." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-95978.

Monjezizadeh, Ladbon, and Alex Untoro. "How the Online Disinhibition Effect Affects the Online Video Game Industry." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för speldesign, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-297939.

LaLonde, Michelle. "Behind the Screens: Understanding the Social Structures of the Video Game Industry." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3727.

Rietveld, J. "Value creation from complements in platform markets : studies on the video game industry." Thesis, City University London, 2015. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/13072/.

Sundström, Johannes, and Nikolas Dresmal. "How Early-Stage Investors Assess Investment Opportunities in the Swedish Video Game Industry." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447617.

Ruiz, B. Nadia V. "VIDEO GAME CREATION : Inhibitors and Enablers in Female Inclusion." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160713.

Boström, Pontus, and Isabell Hansen. "Community Management - The Role Community Managers Play in the Video Game Industry in Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-255725.

Knudsen, Kasper, and Vilhelm Söderström. "When the investors choose : Analysis of business models within the Swedish video game industry." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-451195.

Gustafsson, Viktor, and Gustav Höglund. "The cooperative future of game development : A phenomenon of collaboration between producers and consumers in the video game industry." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-188581.

Roubíčková, Anna. "Postavení videoherního průmyslu mezi kreativními průmysly v České republice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205955.

Lundström, Kristofer, and Arvid Smedsaas. "All your returns are belong to us : An exploratory study of how industry characteristics affect investments in the Swedish video game sector." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-298470.

Södergren, Patrik, and Marcus Nilsson. "Social media use in digital product development : Opportunities and challenges of IT-enabled co-creation in the video game industry." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-90290.

Bankler, Jon Victor. "A chinese view on indie : How is ‘indie’ defined by professionals within the Chinese indie game industry?" Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-16085.

2018-08-23 14:25, G203, svenska

Högskolevägen 1, 541 28, Skövde

Archontakis, Ioannis Stylianos. "Agile development in the video game industry : Examining the effects of iteration and methods of limiting it." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-156211.

Lee, Ruri. "Business models and strategies in the video game industry : an analysis of Activision-Blizzard and Electronic Arts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81088.

Riboldazzi, Federico <1981&gt. "The influence of career histories on team perfomance in new product development: a study of the video game industry." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3763/1/Riboldazzi_Federico_Tesi.pdf.

Riboldazzi, Federico <1981&gt. "The influence of career histories on team perfomance in new product development: a study of the video game industry." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3763/.

Evangelisti, Linn, and Johan Sundell. "Playing the Innovation Game : Developing the Community Sensing Capability." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355298.

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Orality in video games (Master's thesis)

Video games have evolved tremendously since the days when Pong, Tetris and Pac-Man ruled the store shelves. Since then, a lot of things have changed in the digital world. Video games have become a medium with the potential for creating complex narratives, dialogue and believable characters. This paper will deal with the notion of orality, what we considered orality to be, how and in what ways it is conveyed in the world of video games. Since we are talking about a hybrid medium, one that combines oral and written cultures, we cannot be talking about 'primary orality' as Walter Ong puts it, but secondary orality. However, video games do employ elements from primary orality, such as a sense of community, an agonistic tone or a pure sonic experience. Except for using more traditional means of oral expression, video games also integrate one unique form of communication, and that is procedural dialogue. This term will be used to describe an action that involves input from the user and feedback from the computer system. It is a unique kind of dialogue that underlines video-game orality and it will be demonstrated and examined in detail.

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Dialogue is hardwired into the very matrix of video games, not only because they are an interactive medium but because they are an active one: they react to input by players and can offer their own input. From the beginning, rule structures in video games were communicated through language. The more emphasis a game put on narrative the more this turned into a dialogue with the player. Video games are usually at least implicitly cast as second-person narratives, hinting at or enacting a dialogue between the narrator/game master and the player. The player’s avatar also communicates within the game. This chapter looks systematically at the relationship between ludic and dialogic structures and at the various forms that dialogue has taken in video games.

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ABSTRACT In this article the participants report on a two year research project titled Textuality and Videogames; Interactivity, Narrative Space and Role Play that ran from September 2001, until late 2003 at the Institute of Education, University of London.

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Do video games tell stories? And if they do, how and why do they do so? In this study, Dominic Arsenault takes the reader through the battlefield of ludology and narratology in video game studies, and argues for a radically new narratological conception of the video game. Like a Starcraft Zerg Drone, he extracts ideas from the rich veins of new media and video game studies, along with the latest developments of narratology and French film theory, and morphs them in with his own personal historical insights and gameplay experience with video games and pen-and-paper role-playing games. The resulting theoretical approach finds that narration, as a process, is intrinsic to video game playing, independently of the “cut-scenes” usually much touted by the proponents of interactive storytelling. Academics with an interest in video game studies, narratology or new media will find here a novel perspective on a well-researched subject, while like-minded students and amateur, professional and prospective game developers will also appreciate the quick, efficient and readable introduction to these hot topics.

Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Ephemerides

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This paper proposes the interpretation of video games as discourse (in the explanation of discourse commonly used in linguistics and studies of natural language, not as understood in semiotics or cultural studies) to explore further the dynamics through which video games can propose structured meaning and articulate an argument. Such topic is especially relevant for video games with an agenda, whose goal is not just to produce an engaging game experience, but also to convey a message and have some control over the desired outcome (persuasion, information, expression, aesthetic experience). The notion of discourse can help classify serious games according to their specific aim, and can help understand how meaning production in procedural rhetoric takes place.

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Tamer Thabet , Ana Priscilla Christiano , Alexandre Vilas Boas da Silva

ABSTRACT: This article aims at relating a research project about locality of videogame content to the larger body of knowledge in game studies. Based on the belief that video games function as a cultural voice that is not generation-specific, in the same way films are, the research project Local Videogames seeks to create and apply a special model of building game narratives out of local experiences; stories from the collective popular memory of one region as opposed to the familiar and metropolitan narratives. The goal of our article is to place the project and its game production in the perspective of game studies. We attempt to construct this relation in the light of Melcer’s (2015) study and based on key concepts in game studies: gamification, textuality, flow, meaning-making, and affordance. RESUMO: Este artigo tem como objetivo fazer um relato de projeto de pesquisa sobre localização de conteúdo de video game, como parte da área de estudos de jogos eletrônicos. Com base na crença de que os jogos de video game funcionam como uma voz cultural, que não é específica de uma geração da mesma forma que os filmes são, o projeto de pesquisa Local Videogames procurou criar e aplicar um modelo especial de construção de narrativas de jogo a partir de experiências locais; histórias originárias da memória popular coletiva de uma região em oposição às narrativas familiares e metropolitanas. O objetivo de nosso artigo é situar o projeto e sua produção de jogo na perspectiva dos estudos de jogos. Nós tentar construir essa relação à luz dos estudos de Melcer (2015) e com base em conceitos chave em estudos de jogo: gamificação, textualidade, fluxo, construção de significado e permissão.

J P R Bolay

Developed from my MA project at the University of Saskatchewan and published in Jeu vidéo et livre / Videogame and BooK (eds. Björn-Olav Dozo and Fanny Barnabé), this paper examines the narratological function of textual objects in videogames. Included in this study are the booklets that accompanied older games, peripherals such as the art book accompanying Skyrim's Special Edition, and diegetic texts such as the Codex in Mass Effect. The paper demonstrates the important role textual objects play in bridging mechanics with narrative.

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News Roundup Spring 2024

CEGE Spring Graduation Celebration and Order of the Engineer

Forty-seven graduates of the undergraduate and grad student programs (pictured above) in the Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering took part in the Order of the Engineer on graduation day. Distinguished Speakers at this departmental event included Katrina Kessler (MS EnvE 2021), Commissioner of the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, and student Brian Balquist. Following this event, students participated in the college-wide Commencement Ceremony at 3M Arena at Mariucci. 

UNIVERSITY & DEPARTMENT

The University of Minnesota’s Crookston, Duluth, and Rochester campuses have been awarded the Carnegie Elective Classification for Community Engagement, joining the Twin Cities (2006, 2015) and Morris campuses (2015), and making the U of M the country’s first and only university system at which every individual campus has received this selective designation. Only 368 from nearly 4,000 qualifying U.S. universities and colleges have been granted this designation.

CEGE contributed strongly to the College of Science and Engineering’s efforts toward sustainability research. CEGE researchers are bringing in over $35 million in funded research to study carbon mineralization, nature and urban areas, circularity of water resources, and global snowfall patterns. This news was highlighted in the Fall 2023 issue of  Inventing Tomorrow  (pages 10-11). https://issuu.com/inventingtomorrow/docs/fall_2023_inventing_tomorrow-web

CEGE’s new program for a one-year master’s degree in structural engineering is now accepting applicants for Fall 2024. We owe a big thanks to DAN MURPHY and LAURA AMUNDSON for their volunteer work to help curate the program with Professor JIA-LIANG LE and EBRAHIM SHEMSHADIAN, the program director. Potential students and companies interested in hosting a summer intern can contact Ebrahim Shemshadian ( [email protected] ).

BERNIE BULLERT , CEGE benefactor and MN Water Research Fund founder, was profiled on the website of the University of Minnesota Foundation (UMF). There you can read more about his mission to share clean water technologies with smaller communities in Minnesota. Many have joined Bullert in this mission. MWRF Recognizes their Generous 2024 Partners. Gold Partners: Bernie Bullert, Hawkins, Inc., Minnesota Department of Health, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, and SL-serco. Silver Partners: ISG, Karl and Pam Streed, Kasco, Kelly Lange-Haider and Mark Haider, ME Simpson, Naeem Qureshi, Dr. Paul H. Boening, TKDA, and Waterous. Bronze Partners: Bruce R. Bullert; Brenda Lenz, Ph.D., APRN FNP-C, CNE; CDM Smith; Central States Water Environment Association (CSWEA MN); Heidi and Steve Hamilton; Jim “Bulldog” Sadler; Lisa and Del Cerney; Magney Construction; Sambatek; Shannon and John Wolkerstorfer; Stantec; and Tenon Systems.

After retiring from Baker-Tilly,  NICK DRAGISICH  (BCE 1977) has taken on a new role: City Council member in Lake Elmo, Minnesota. After earning his BCE from the University of Minnesota, Dragisich earned a master’s degree in business administration from the University of St. Thomas. Dragisich retired in May from his position as managing director at Baker Tilly, where he had previously served as firm director. Prior to that, he served as assistant city manager in Spokane, Washington, was the city administrator and city engineer in Virginia, Minnesota, and was mayor of Chisholm, Minnesota—all adding up to more than 40 years of experience in local government. Dragisich was selected by a unanimous vote. His current term expires in December 2024.

PAUL F. GNIRK  (Ph.D. 1966) passed away January 29, 2024, at the age of 86. A memorial service was held Saturday, February 24, at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSM&T), where he started and ended his teaching career, though he had many other positions, professional and voluntary. In 2018 Paul was inducted into the SDSM&T Hardrocker Hall of Fame, and in 2022, he was inducted into the South Dakota Hall of Fame, joining his mother Adeline S. Gnirk, who had been inducted in 1987 for her work authoring nine books on the history of south central South Dakota.

ROGER M. HILL  (BCE 1957) passed away on January 13, 2024, at the age of 90. His daughter, Kelly Robinson, wrote to CEGE that Roger was “a dedicated Gopher fan until the end, and we enjoyed many football games together in recent years. Thank you for everything.”

KAUSER JAHAN  (Ph.D. 1993, advised by Walter Maier), PE, is now a civil and environmental engineering professor and department head at Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering. Jahan was awarded a 3-year (2022- 2025), $500,000 grant from the U.S. Department of Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The grant supports her project, “WaterWorks: Developing the New Generation of Workforce for Water/Wastewater Utilities,” for the development of educational tools that will expose and prepare today’s students for careers in water and wastewater utilities.

SAURA JOST  (BCE 2010, advised by Timothy LaPara) was elected to the St. Paul City Council for Ward 3. She is part of the historic group of women that make up the nation’s first all-female city council in a large city.

The 2024 ASCE Western Great Lakes Student Symposium combines several competitions for students involved in ASCE. CEGE sent a large contingent of competitors to Chicago. Each of the competition groups won awards: Ethics Paper 1st place Hans Lagerquist; Sustainable Solutions team 1st place overall in (qualifying them for the National competition in Utah in June); GeoWall 2nd place overall; Men’s Sprint for Concrete Canoe with rowers Sakthi Sundaram Saravanan and Owen McDonald 2nd place; Product Prototype for Concrete Canoe 2nd place; Steel Bridge (200 lb bridge weight) 2nd place in lightness; Scavenger Hunt 3rd place; and Aesthetics and Structural Efficiency for Steel Bridge 4th place.

Students competing on the Minnesota Environmental Engineers, Scientists, and Enthusiasts (MEESE) team earned second place in the Conference on the Environment undergraduate student design competition in November 2023. Erin Surdo is the MEESE Faculty Adviser. Pictured are NIKO DESHPANDE, ANNA RETTLER, and SYDNEY OLSON.

The CEGE CLASS OF 2023 raised money to help reduce the financial barrier for fellow students taking the Fundamentals of Engineering exam, a cost of $175 per test taker. As a result of this gift, they were able to make the exam more affordable for 15 current CEGE seniors. CEGE students who take the FE exam pass the first time at a rate well above national averages, demonstrating that CEGE does a great job of teaching engineering fundamentals. In 2023, 46 of 50 students passed the challenging exam on the first try.

This winter break, four CEGE students joined 10 other students from the College of Science and Engineering for the global seminar, Design for Life: Water in Tanzania. The students visited numerous sites in Tanzania, collected water source samples, designed rural water systems, and went on safari. Read the trip blog: http://globalblogs.cse.umn.edu/search/label/Tanzania%202024

Undergraduate Honor Student  MALIK KHADAR  (advised by Dr. Paul Capel) received honorable mention for the Computing Research Association (CRA) Outstanding Undergraduate Research Award for undergraduate students who show outstanding research potential in an area of computing research.

GRADUATE STUDENTS

AKASH BHAT  (advised by William Arnold) presented his Ph.D. defense on Friday, October 27, 2023. Bhat’s thesis is “Photolysis of fluorochemicals: Tracking fluorine, use of UV-LEDs, and computational insights.” Bhat’s work investigating the degradation of fluorinated compounds will assist in the future design of fluorinated chemicals such that persistent and/or toxic byproducts are not formed in the environment.

ETHAN BOTMEN  (advised by Bill Arnold) completed his Master of Science Final Exam February 28, 2024. His research topic was Degradation of Fluorinated Compounds by Nucleophilic Attack of Organo-fluorine Functional Groups.

XIATING CHEN , Ph.D. Candidate in Water Resources Engineering at the Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory is the recipient of the 2023 Nels Nelson Memorial Fellowship Award. Chen (advised by Xue Feng) is researching eco-hydrological functions of urban trees and other green infrastructure at both the local and watershed scale, through combined field observations and modeling approaches.

ALICE PRATES BISSO DAMBROZ  has been a Visiting Student Researcher at the University of Minnesota since last August, on a Doctoral Dissertation Research Award from Fulbright. Her CEGE advisor is Dr. Paul Capel. Dambroz is a fourth year Ph.D. student in Soil Science at Universidade Federal de Santa Maria in Brazil, where she studies with her adviser Jean Minella. Her research focuses on the hydrological monitoring of a small agricultural watershed in Southern Brazil, which is located on a transition area between volcanic and sedimentary rocks. Its topography, shallow soils, and land use make it prone to runoff and erosion processes.

Yielding to people in crosswalks should be a very pedestrian topic. Yet graduate student researchers  TIANYI LI, JOSHUA KLAVINS, TE XU, NIAZ MAHMUD ZAFRI  (Dept.of Urban and Regional Planning at Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology), and Professor Raphael Stern found that drivers often do not yield to pedestrians, but they are influenced by the markings around a crosswalk. Their work was picked up by the  Minnesota Reformer.

TIANYI LI  (Ph.D. student advised by Raphael Stern) also won the Dwight David Eisenhower Transportation (DDET) Fellowship for the third time! Li (center) and Stern (right) are pictured at the Federal Highway Administration with Latoya Jones, the program manager for the DDET Fellowship.

The Three Minute Thesis Contest and the Minnesota Nice trophy has become an annual tradition in CEGE. 2023’s winner was  EHSANUR RAHMAN , a Ph.D. student advised by Boya Xiong.

GUANJU (WILLIAM) WEI , a Ph.D. student advised by Judy Yang, is the recipient of the 2023 Heinz G. Stefan Fellowship. He presented his research entitled Microfluidic Investigation of the Biofilm Growth under Dynamic Fluid Environments and received his award at the St. Anthony Falls Research Laboratory April 9. The results of Wei's research can be used in industrial, medical, and scientific fields to control biofilm growth.

BILL ARNOLD  stars in an award-winning video about prairie potholes. The Prairie Potholes Project film was made with the University of Delaware and highlights Arnold’s NSF research. The official winners of the 2024 Environmental Communications Awards Competition Grand Prize are Jon Cox and Ben Hemmings who produced and directed the film. Graduate student Marcia Pacheco (CFANS/LAAS) and Bill Arnold are the on-screen stars.

Four faculty from CEGE join the Center for Transportation Studies Faculty and Research Scholars for FY24–25:  SEONGJIN CHOI, KETSON ROBERTO MAXIMIANO DOS SANTOS, PEDRAM MORTAZAVI,  and  BENJAMIN WORSFOLD . CTS Scholars are drawn from diverse fields including engineering, planning, computer science, environmental studies, and public policy.

XUE FENG  is coauthor on an article in  Nature Reviews Earth and Environment . The authors evaluate global plant responses to changing rainfall regimes that are now characterized by fewer and larger rainfall events. A news release written at Univ. of Maryland can be found here: https://webhost.essic. umd.edu/april-showers-bring-mayflowers- but-with-drizzles-or-downpours/ A long-running series of U of M research projects aimed at improving stormwater quality are beginning to see practical application by stormwater specialists from the Twin Cities metro area and beyond. JOHN GULLIVER has been studying best practices for stormwater management for about 16 years. Lately, he has focused specifically on mitigating phosphorous contamination. His research was highlighted by the Center for Transportation Studies.

JIAQI LI, BILL ARNOLD,  and  RAYMOND HOZALSKI  published a paper on N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) precursors in Minnesota rivers. “Animal Feedlots and Domestic Wastewater Discharges are Likely Sources of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) Precursors in Midwestern Watersheds,” Environmental Science and Technology (January 2024) doi: 10.1021/acs. est.3c09251

ALIREZA KHANI  contributed to MnDOT research on Optimizing Charging Infrastructure for Electric Trucks. Electric options for medium- and heavy-duty electric trucks (e-trucks) are still largely in development. These trucks account for a substantial percentage of transportation greenhouse gas emissions. They have greater power needs and different charging needs than personal EVs. Proactively planning for e-truck charging stations will support MnDOT in helping to achieve the state’s greenhouse gas reduction goals. This research was featured in the webinar “Electrification of the Freight System in Minnesota,” hosted by the University of Minnesota’s Center for Transportation Studies. A recording of the event is now available online.

MICHAEL LEVIN  has developed a unique course for CEGE students on Air Transportation Systems. It is the only class at UMN studying air transportation systems from an infrastructure design and management perspective. Spring 2024 saw the third offering of this course, which is offered for juniors, seniors, and graduate students.

Research Professor  SOFIA (SONIA) MOGILEVSKAYA  has been developing international connections. She visited the University of Seville, Spain, November 13–26, 2023, where she taught a short course titled “Fundamentals of Homogenization in Composites.” She also met with the graduate students to discuss collaborative research with Prof. Vladislav Mantic, from the Group of Continuum Mechanics and Structural Analysis at the University of Seville. Her visit was a part of planned activities within the DIAGONAL Consortium funded by the European Commission. CEGE UMN is a partner organization within DIAGONAL, represented by CEGE professors Mogilevskaya and Joseph Labuz. Mantic will visit CEGE summer 2024 to follow up on research developments and discuss plans for future collaboration and organization of short-term exchange visits for the graduate students from each institution. 

DAVID NEWCOMB  passed away in March. He was a professor in CEGE from 1989–99 in the area of pavement engineering. Newcomb led the research program on asphalt materials characterization. He was the technical director of Mn/ROAD pavement research facility, and he started an enduring collaboration with MnDOT that continues today. In 2000, he moved from Minnesota to become vice-president for Research and Technology at the National Asphalt Pavement Association. Later he moved to his native Texas, where he was appointed to the division head of Materials and Pavement at the Texas A&M Transportation Institute, a position from which he recently retired. He will be greatly missed.

PAIGE NOVAK  won Minnesota ASCE’s 2023 Distinguished Engineer of the Year Award for her contributions to society through her engineering achievements and professional experiences.

The National Science Foundation (NSF) announced ten inaugural (NSF) Regional Innovation Engines awards, with a potential $1.6 billion investment nationally over the next decade. Great Lakes ReNEW is led by the Chicago-based water innovation hub,  Current,  and includes a team from the University of Minnesota, including PAIGE NOVAK. Current will receive $15 mil for the first two years, and up to $160 million over ten years to develop and grow a water-focused innovation engine in the Great Lakes region. The project’s ambitious plan is to create a decarbonized circular “blue economy” to leverage the region’s extraordinary water resources to transform the upper Midwest—Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin. Brewing one pint of beer generates seven pints of wastewater, on average. So what can you do with that wastewater?  PAIGE NOVAK  and her team are exploring the possibilities of capturing pollutants in wastewater and using bacteria to transform them into energy.

BOYA XIONG  has been selected as a recipient of the 2024 40 Under 40 Recognition Program by the American Academy of Environmental Engineers and Scientists. The award was presented at the 2024 AAEES Awards Ceremony, April 11, 2024, at the historic Howard University in Washington, D.C. 

JUDY Q. YANG  received a McKnight Land-Grant Professorship Award. This two-year award recognizes promising assistant professors and is intended to advance the careers of individuals who have the potential to make significant contributions to their departments and their scholarly fields. 

Professor Emeritus CHARLES FAIRHURST , his son CHARLES EDWARD FAIRHURST , and his daughter MARGARET FAIRHURST DURENBERGER were on campus recently to present Department Head Paige Novak with a check for $25,000 for the Charles Fairhurst Fellowship in Earth Resources Engineering in support of graduate students studying geomechanics. The life of Charles Fairhurst through a discussion with his children is featured on the Engineering and Technology History Wiki at https://ethw.org/Oral-History:Charles_Fairhurst#00:00:14_INTRODUCTION

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2024 PGA Championship TV schedule, coverage, live stream, channel, where to watch online, golf tee times

How to watch every memorable moment of the 2024 pga championship on tv or streaming live online.

The second major of the 2024 golf season wraps Sunday in Louisville with plenty of big-time players looking to capture the Wanamaker Trophy and $3.3 million winner's prize from the PGA Championship's $18.5 million purse while setting a tone for the remainder of their respective campaigns. This as the beautify of May surrounds Valhalla Golf Club with the PGA Championship concluding its return to town for the first time in a decade. Do not miss a moment of the action by following  live leaderboard coverage of the PGA Championship  with analysis and highlights throughout the day.

An unfortunate wrench was thrown into the tournament Friday morning as, in unrelated incidents, a pedestrian was killed outside the Valhalla grounds in a traffic incident and world No. 1 golfer Scottie Scheffler was arrested for violating traffic rules . Though Scheffler looked like he was going to hang tough, he played himself out of contention in the third round and opened the door to the rest of the field.

Xander Schauffele entered Sunday atop the leaderboard for the third straight day, except this time, he was for the lead with Collin Morikawa. Shane Lowry, Bryson DeChambeau, Justin Rose and Viktor Hovland all surged up the leaderboard Saturday, while Sahith Theegala remained hot bouncing back from a rough start to put pressure on the leaders down the stretch. Rory McIlroy, Justin Thomas and Jordan Spieth are among the other notable names lurking, though given the way the leaders started Sunday, it would take a miracle for any of them to move up far enough to capture the Wanamaker.

While attending the PGA Championship can be a ton of fun, simply being able to watch golf on the game's grandest stages is an incredible treat each year. We here at CBS Sports are thrilled to bring you wall-to-wall coverage with action streaming live all weekend.

CBS Sports golf anchor Jim Nantz is calling the action for the 34th consecutive year while hosting coverage from the super tower alongside lead analyst Trevor Immelman. Also at Valhalla for CBS Sports are Ian Baker-Finch, Frank Nobilo, Dottie Pepper, Colt Knost and Mark Immelman with Amanda Renner reporting and conducting interviews.

The 106th PGA Championship is the 34rd consecutive (and 41th overall) being broadcast by CBS Sports, which is offering multi-platform coverage throughout the week. In partnership with the PGA of America, CBS Sports is leading overall production efforts deploying 125 cameras and nearly 150 microphones to capture all the sights and sounds. Additional technological enhancements include Fly Cams, Bunker Cameras, state-of-the-art drone coverage, panoramic Falcon 360 cameras, Toptracer and more.

Enough talking about it. Here's how you can watch as much PGA Championship as possible Sunday. Be sure to stick with CBS Sports for live coverage throughout and  download the CBS Sports App  to watch the PGA Championship live on your mobile device.

All times Eastern

Round 4 -- Sunday, May 19

Round 4 start time:  7:45 a.m. [ Tee times ]

PGA Championship live stream:  8-10 a.m. on ESPN+

• Featured Groups -- 8 a.m.
• Holes 16-18 -- 8 a.m.

Early TV coverage:  10 a.m. to 1 p.m. on ESPN,  fubo  (Try for free)

Prime TV coverage:  1-7 p.m. on CBS, Paramount+

TV simulcast live stream:  1-7 p.m. Desktop and mobile:  Free on  CBSSports.com ,  CBS Sports App Connected devices*:  Available on  Paramount+ ,  CBS Sports App *Paramount+ login required

Clubhouse Report:  8-9 p.m. on CBS Sports Network Round 4 encore:  9 p.m. to 3 a.m. on CBS Sports Network

PGA coverage on CBS Sports Network

• PGA Championship On the Range -- 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. (Thursday, Friday) Pre-round player interviews, analysis, daily previews
• PGA Championship Clubhouse Report -- 8-9 p.m. (Thursday-Sunday) Post-round highlights, analysis, player interviews
• PGA Championship encore presentations Round 3 -- Sunday -- 6-10 a.m. Round 4 -- Sunday -- 9 p.m. to 3 a.m.

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Scottie Scheffler arrested by police before second round

World number one golfer Scottie Scheffler was charged with assaulting a police officer outside Valhalla Golf Club hours before starting his second round at the 2024 PGA Championship.

Scheffler — who was also charged with third-degree criminal mischief, reckless driving, and disregarding traffic signals from an officer directing traffic — was released by police just in time to take to the course for his tee-off time of 10:08am ET. He impressed with a five-under round of 66 that moved him into third, at nine-under for the tournament.

The Louisville Metropolitan Department of Corrections, who posted a mugshot of the 27-year-old, said he was booked in at 7.28am local time and released at 8.40am. Scheffler later described the incident as “a big misunderstanding”.

The start of Friday’s second round was delayed by 80 minutes because of an unrelated crash near the course . Louisville police said a shuttle bus had struck and killed a pedestrian outside the golf club. Louisville Mayor Craig Greenberg later named him as local man John Mills.

• YOU CAN FOLLOW live coverage of day three at the PGA Championship with us right here .

Xander Schauffele 36-hole leader at PGA Championship with Morikawa, Scheffler chasing

Xander Schauffele stepped onto the first tee Friday at Valhalla Golf Club after a historic first round at the PGA Championship. He shot a 9-under 62, giving him the 18-hole lead. It tied the men’s major scoring record, the lowest round in PGA Championship history.

Friday’s round for Schauffele didn’t smash records or set career-scoring bests. But it kept the 30-year-old atop the PGA Championship leaderboard heading into the weekend.

Schauffele shot a second-round 68, giving him the 36-hole lead. It’s the second consecutive week Schauffele led a tournament after 36 holes. Last week, Schauffele couldn’t secure the win, thanks to a dominant performance from Rory McIlroy.

The seven-time PGA Tour winner is looking for a different outcome this week, attempting to capture his first major championship.

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Watch out for Bryson

This is the second time Bryson DeChambeau has started a major with back-to-back rounds in the 60s.

The other was his win at the 2020 U.S. Open.

Koepka records 8 birdies in second round

It was a roller coaster second round for Brooks Koepka.

He shot a 3-under 68, which consisted of eight birdies.

But it also included three bogeys and a double.

Koepka sits at 7-under-par, five off the lead held by Xander Schauffele.

Tiger birdies 18 but misses cut

(Photo: David Cannon / Getty Images)

Tiger Woods finished the 2024 PGA Championship at 7-over-par.

He shot a 6-over 77 in his second round.

But Tiger finished the PGA at Valhalla, where he won this event in 2000, with a birdie on 18.

Woods hasn't made a cut at the PGA since 2020.

Schauffele shoots second-round 68

Best 36-hole score to par in PGA Championship history:

2019 Brooks Koepka, -12 (led by seven)

2024 Xander Schauffele, -12

Here comes Koepka

(Photo: Maddie Meyer/Getty Images)

Brooks Koepka had a double bogey on the par-5 10th.

He's rallied with three birdies since, including one on the par-4 15th.

Koepka has seven birdies on the day and is four off the lead at 8-under-par.

What's at stake for Robert MacIntyre

Robert MacIntyre has never previously been in the top 20 entering the third round of a major.

Where PGA champions need to be after 36 holes

31 of the last 34 winners of the PGA Championship have been in the top 10 through 36 holes.

Over the last 30 years, 91 percent of men's major winners have been in the top 10 entering the third round.

McIlroy going in the wrong direction

Rory McIlroy, who won the PGA the last time it was staged at Valhalla, is going in the wrong direction.

After being 1-under-par through 11 holes, McIlroy records a double-bogey 6 on the par-4 12th.

He is 4-under-par for the tournament, eight back of the lead.

Needs a strong finish coming in to get back in the mix.

Inside the most bizarre day in major golf with the arrest of Scottie Scheffler

LOUISVILLE, Ky. — The most shocking day in golf major championship history began with a tragedy, and saw Scottie Scheffler, the No. 1 male player in the world, arrested, booked into a local jail and released in time to tee off.

It was just after 5 a.m. on a rainy Friday morning that police were called to the street outside of Valhalla Golf Club. A shuttle bus traveling down Shelbyville Road struck and killed John Mills, a local man working the PGA Championship for a tournament vendor.

The fatal wreck caused traffic to be shut down in both directions outside of Valhalla, which is hosting the major championship for the first time in a decade. Scheffler arrived at the scene an hour later, amid a steady rain and flashing police lights, seeking to enter the property and begin preparation for an 8:48 a.m. tee time for Round 2 of the PGA Championship. A police and security presence outside of a major championship routine is typical, even common. “I drive by cops like that probably 10 times a year,” one PGA Tour swing coach said, speaking on the condition of anonymity due to the sensitive nature of the matter.

What happened next was anything but common. When Scheffler, traveling eastbound, attempted to move his vehicle into the westbound lane, according to the Louisville Police Department arrest report, detective Bryan Gillis attempted to stop the vehicle. The police report said Scheffler continued forward, “dragging Detective Gillis to the ground,” and noted that he suffered injuries that required medical treatment, as well as irreparable damage to his $80 uniform pants. Jeff Darlington, an ESPN NFL reporter assigned to cover the second golf major of the year, happened to be on the scene and watched it unfold, reporting that Scheffler’s vehicle moved 10 to 20 yards before coming to a final stop.

Scheffler’s attorney, Steve Romines, said Scheffler was originally instructed to go in and that the officer directing traffic was not part of the event traffic detail. “So that’s where the miscommunication arose and that’s why we’re here,” Romines said Friday morning.

When Scheffler did stop, he lowered his window and the officer reached in, grabbed Scheffler’s arm and pulled the door open, Darlington reported. The officer then put Scheffler in handcuffs and pushed him against the car. As Scheffler was escorted toward a police car in the rainy dark, a video filmed by Darlington showed Scheffler turning to say, “Can you help?”

“You need to get out of the way,” another officer told Darlington. “Right now, he’s going to jail, and there’s nothing you can do about it.”

Schauffele drops a shot, lead is 1

Xander Schauffele makes his first bogey of the week.

The last player to go the first 36 holes of a PGA Championship without a single bogey is Hale Irwin in 1993.

Schauffele falls to 12-under-par, one ahead of Collin Morikawa.

Schauffele improves to 13-under-par

Xander Schauffele is now 13-under.

The lowest 36-hole score to par in men's major championship history is 14 under by Jordan Spieth at the 2015 Masters.

Will Zalatoris: Players discussed delaying, canceling PGA Championship second round

LOUISVILLE, Ky. — A small group of players discussed not playing the second round of the PGA Championship as scheduled following the death of a pedestrian outside of Valhalla Golf Club, as well as the arrest of world No. 1 Scottie Scheffler.

Will Zalatoris detailed the 20-30 minute conversation, which took place in the Valhalla locker room, to a small group of reporters after his round Friday afternoon. The group of unnamed players considered approaching the PGA of America about the cancellation or delay of Friday’s play, he said.

“Some of the guys were talking about, wondering if we should even play today,” Zalatoris said. “At one point there were a group of guys in the locker room talking about going to the PGA of America about it, but I think it was dead in the water in the locker room. It was bizarre. We just didn’t know … when Scottie was going to get out, any of the details.”

Tee times were delayed by one hour and 20 minutes on Friday after a shuttle bus struck and killed John Mills, who was working for a tournament vendor. The PGA moved the first tee times from 7:15 a.m. ET to 8:35.

Scheffler practicing, signing autographs

(Photo: Patrick Smith / Getty Images)

During his Friday post-round news conference, Scottie Scheffler said that he was "going to go back to his normal routine." That includes having a meal, practicing in the afternoon, going to the gym before heading home and getting some rest before the weekend.

Well, the broadcast showed Scheffler practicing bunker shots and signing autographs for fans.

Scheffler shot a second-round 66.

Schauffele solo leader

(Photo: Michael Reaves / Getty Images)

Xander Schauffele is the solo leader at the PGA Championship.

He fires a 3-under 32 on the front nine, which includes a lengthy birdie on the 9th hole.

Schauffele makes the turn at 12-under-par, one shot ahead of Collin Morikawa.

Scottie Scheffler climbs PGA Championship leaderboard hours after arrest

LOUISVILLE, Ky. — Scottie Scheffler, the world’s most dominant golfer, rose up the leaderboard of the PGA Championship on Friday, hours after he was arrested while trying to navigate a traffic backup caused by a crash that killed a pedestrian outside Valhalla Golf Club.

In an extraordinary sequence of events over about three hours, Scheffler was handcuffed while arriving at the course before sunrise, booked while wearing an orange jumpsuit in downtown Louisville and driven back to the course with stunned crowds following his every move as his newly hired local lawyer told reporters that he would comply with an investigation into his interaction with a police officer who was directing traffic. Scheffler faces charges of second-degree assault of a police officer, third-degree criminal mischief, reckless driving and disregarding traffic signals from an officer directing traffic.

Scheffler’s day on the course finally began at 10:08 a.m. ET, when he teed off nearly four hours after his arrest. He went on to shoot a 5-under-par 66, climbing into a tie for third on the leaderboard. Scheffler, who said he began stretching in a jail cell Friday in hopes of returning to Valhalla in time for his tee time, said after the round his head was “spinning.”

“It was a chaotic situation and a big misunderstanding,” Scheffler said.

Scottie Scheffler: A fan favorite

Following his second-round 66, Scottie Scheffler high-fived fans as he walked off the course to sign his scorecard.

Two spectators had T-shirts with Scheffler's face. One of the tees showed Scheffler's mugshot that the Louisville Metropolitan Department of Corrections posted Friday morning when the World No. 1 was booked in downtown Louisville.

Scheffler was arrested Friday morning while trying to navigate a traffic backup caused by a crash that killed a pedestrian outside Valhalla Golf Club.

Scheffler: ‘I did spend some time stretching in a jail cell’

(Photo: Brian Spurlock / Icon Sportswire via Getty Images)

Scottie Scheffler said he feels his head is “still spinning” after the sequence of events he experienced on Friday. He was arrested and handcuffed Friday morning while arriving at the course before sunrise, booked in an orange jumpsuit in downtown Louisville, then returned to Valhalla Golf Club and shot a second-round 66 at the PGA Championship.

Scheffler faces charges of second-degree assault of a police officer, third-degree criminal mischief, reckless driving and disregarding traffic signals from an officer directing traffic. His arraignment is scheduled for Tuesday at 9 a.m., according to online court records, two days after the PGA Championship is scheduled to end.

Asked to encapsulate what transpired, Scheffler described his pre-round routine, which took place in jail.

“I did spend some time stretching in a jail cell that was a first for me,” Scheffler said after his second round.

Scheffler said his “main focus after getting arrested” was whether he could continue playing in the PGA Championship. He said that he was in “shock” when he got arrested and that he was “shaking for an hour,” trying to calm down.

While getting fingerprinted in jail, Scheffler said a police officer offered him a sandwich.

“Sure, I’ll take a sandwich, I didn’t eat breakfast yet,” Scheffler said.

Scheffler teed off at 10:08 a.m., nearly four hours after his arrest. He described Friday's round as “pretty good.”

“It was nice to be able to put together a solid round today for sure,” Scheffler said.

Tiger Woods cards second triple-bogey of round

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This isn’t pleasant to watch: Tiger Woods, a 15-time major winner, has carded his second triple-bogey seven in the space of three holes.

This time his game deserts him on the fourth, having also bogeyed the third. He’s now eight over — seven over for the round — and his hopes of making it to the weekend are long gone.