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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Offered By: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology

Onsite | Full-Time | 5 years

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About the PhD in Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Program

Through a departmental core curriculum as well as research area-specific courses, laboratory rotations, qualifying examinations, mentored research, and professional development, all MMI PhD students are prepared to engage in cutting edge research and scholarship that advances knowledge. MMI PhD students hone their scholarship, research and professional skills. Course and laboratory work can address problems in microbial pathogenesis, immunology, disease transmission, and diseases related to malaria, mosquito and arboviral biology.

Students can choose to complete the traditional MMI PhD program or the MMI PhD program concentration in Rigorous, Reproducible, and Responsible Research Investigation in Immunology & Microbiology (R 3 IM). The concentration in Rigorous, Reproducible, and Responsible Research Investigation in Immunology & Microbiology (R 3 IM) conveys a broad background in immunology and infectious diseases research, with a special emphasis on critical thinking, logic, ethics, and written and oral skills to help graduates become communicators of complex scientific concepts and agents of change in their workplaces and communities.

What Can You Do With a Graduate Degree In Molecular Microbiology And Immunology?

Visit the  Graduate Employment Outcomes Dashboard to learn about Bloomberg School graduates' employment status, sector, and salaries.

Sample Careers

• Postdoctoral Fellow, Research Associate
• Science Communicator or Writer
• Scientist (academia, industry)
• Specialist in Science Regulatory Affairs
• Faculty, Professor
• Science Advocate (nonprofit agencies)
• Public Health Service (NIH, CDC, FDA)
• Science Policy Fellow

Curriculum for the PhD in Molecular Microbiology and Immunology

Browse an overview of the requirements for this PhD program in the JHU  Academic Catalogue  and explore all course offerings in the Bloomberg School  Course Directory .

Current students can view the MMI student handbook on the MMI portal site.

Topic Areas

MMI faculty are recognized experts in a wide variety of infectious diseases research areas, allowing our PhD students to study the biology of disease based on their research interests and career goals. Our PhD students gain a comprehensive understanding of infectious diseases that provides a foundation to launch careers that directly tackle critical public health challenges.  

Topic Areas include: 

• Bacterial pathogenesis
• Cell biology 
• Fungal pathogenesis 
• Medical entomology/Disease ecology
• Parasite pathogenesis 
• Rigor, Reproducibility, and Responsibility in Scientific Practice
• Tick-borne diseases
• Vaccine development 
• Vector biology
• Viral pathogenesis

Admissions Requirements

For general admissions requirements, please visit the How to Apply page.

Standardized Test Scores

Standardized test scores (GRE) are  optional  for this program. The admissions committee will make no assumptions if a standardized test score is omitted from an application, but will require evidence of quantitative/analytical ability through other application components such as academic transcripts and/or supplemental questions.  Applications will be reviewed holistically based on all application components.

Vivien Thomas PhD Scholars

The  Vivien Thomas Scholars Initiative (VTSI)  is an endowed fellowship program at Johns Hopkins for PhD students in STEM fields. It provides full tuition, stipend, and benefits while also providing targeted mentoring, networking, community, and professional development opportunities. Students who have attended a historically Black college and university (HBCU) or other minority serving institution (MSI) for undergraduate study are eligible to apply. To be considered for the VTSI, you will need to submit a SOPHAS application, VTSI supplementary materials, and all supporting documents (letters, transcripts, and test scores) by December 1, 2023. VTSI applicants are eligible for an  application fee waiver , but the fee waiver must be requested by November 15, 2023 and prior to submission of the SOPHAS application.

All full-time PhD students will receive the following support for all years of the program: stipend, full tuition, individual health insurance, University Health Services clinic fee, vision insurance, and dental insurance.

Need-Based Relocation Grants Students who  are admitted to PhD programs at JHU  starting in Fall 2023 or beyond can apply to receive a $1500 need-based grant to offset the costs of relocating to be able to attend JHU.   These grants provide funding to a portion of incoming students who, without this money, may otherwise not be able to afford to relocate to JHU for their PhD program. This is not a merit-based grant. Applications will be evaluated solely based on financial need.  View more information about the need-based relocation grants for PhD students .

Questions about the program? We're happy to help.

Ashley Choi , Senior Academic Coordinator

Alex Kim , Senior Academic Program Coordinator  Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 615 North Wolfe Street, Room E5014 Baltimore, Maryland 21205 Fax: (410) 955-0105

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Creative and innovative research is the hallmark of our graduate program in the University of Michigan Medical School Department of Microbiology and Immunology. This challenging program is designed to provide a nurturing environment in which graduate students can fully develop and express their intellectual talents, research skills, and teaching abilities.

These goals are accomplished through an integrated program of independent research, graduate courses, seminars and teaching. Entering students select from a wide range of stimulating courses designed to complete their preparation for advanced study and research. Molecular and cellular immunology, microbial pathogenesis, molecular virology, microbial physiology, cellular and molecular networks, biochemistry and molecular genetics are some of the topics covered in our courses.

To facilitate development of skills necessary for a career in modern research and teaching, many courses are oriented towards discussion of the primary research literature.

Students can enter the PhD program in the Fall terms only.

The Program in Biological Sciences Department (PIBS), coordinates first-year graduate studies for 14 biomedical Ph.D. programs at the University of Michigan Medical School, including the Doctoral Program in Microbiology & Immunology. All admissions are handled through PIBS.

Please visit the PIBS webpage for an online application. All application materials should be sent to the PIBS Office.

Learn more & apply

Students accepted into the Microbiology and Immunology PhD program are provided with a stipend, full tuition, and healthcare. The department typically accepts between 5–8 students a year. The department is located on the U-M Medical Campus, adjacent to the University Hospitals and Cancer, Cardiovascular and Geriatric Centers.

• NIH training grant in Cellular Biotechnology
• NIH training grant in Cancer Biology
• NIH training grant in Human Genetics
• NIH training grant Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis
• Dr. F. G. Novy fellowship
• Dr. Frances W. Chin endowed fellowship
• Rackham Merit fellowship
• Regents' fellowship
• University fellowships
• Research assistantships

Applicants to the doctoral program are automatically considered for financial aid. In addition, applicants are encouraged to seek competitive national sources of fellowships. Because funding opportunities are more limited for foreign students, foreign applicants are urged to investigate fellowships provided by their governments or other local sponsors. All students admitted to the PhD program are supported by one of the above internal or external sources. Funding is guaranteed for all PhD candidates in good standing until completion of the thesis defense.

Department specific questions can be directed to:

Natalie Deeb, MPH Graduate Student Program Manager [email protected]

Each year, the Ward J. MacNeal Educational and Scientific Memorial Trust Distinguished Dissertation Award is given to a Microbiology and Immunology PhD graduate trainee for overall excellence.

Our graduated students defended innovative and rigorous dissertations. See who they are, what they did and where there are now.

During the first year as a member of Program in Biomedical Sciences (PIBS), students participate in brief research projects by rotating in up to four laboratories with approximately two-month rotations during the PIBS year. Laboratories for the rotation period are selected by the student in consultation with faculty members. Such research experiences provide exposure and training in the diverse research interests of our faculty and have proven valuable to students in their selection of a thesis research advisor after the first year. Beginning in the second year, students have the opportunity to develop their teaching abilities by contributing to instructional Medical School courses offered by our department.

As a vital part of graduate training, students refine communicative skills by presenting discussions of research literature in a weekly seminar course, Microbiology 812. Additionally, numerous journal clubs are organized by students and faculty around special topics, including molecular pathogenesis, virology, and immunology. Graduate students also meet regularly to discuss their research activities amongst themselves in an informal, relaxed setting. These activities are complemented by frequent departmental colloquia presented by recognized scientists from leading research institutions around the nation. Students are encouraged to participate in OMIS (Organization of Microbiology and Immunology Students), which sponsors events such as the annual department picnic, as well as holding regular meetings to discuss student issues within the department.

Meet current doctoral students in the University of Michigan Medical School Department of Microbiology and Immunology PhD program.

Students complete a two-step evaluation within two years of matriculation. The first checkpoint is an oral examination that occurs after the first year of classes to test mastery of coursework and analytical thinking. The students are examined on their broad and specific knowledge of three assigned papers. In addition, students will use one of the three papers as a platform to propose future experiments in outline form, which will be discussed during the exam.

The second checkpoint occurs in the second year of study and requires the student to write a six-page proposal of future work on the topic of their thesis research. During the student's first committee meeting, the committee will evaluate the student's knowledge of the literature and methodology relevant to this thesis proposal. PhD candidacy is achieved by successfully completing the formal course work and the two checkpoints.

The research experiences of students are expected to lead to productive scholarship in the form of peer-reviewed journal publications and conference presentations. Degree candidates will meet annually with their faculty committee to ensure satisfactory progress towards completion of the thesis project; first author publication of a primary research article is required for graduation. Students will receive constructive evaluations from the committee members after each committee meeting.

The PhD degree is granted upon completion of a scholarly body of work, submission of a written thesis and presentation of an oral defense based on the student's original, independent research. This program is designed to require approximately five years for completion, and graduates of our department have gone on to pursue outstanding postdoctoral positions and scientific careers.

Learn more about PhD program requirements and evaluation checkpoints.

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Georgetown University Medical Center

PhD in Microbiology & Immunology

Through the PhD in Microbiology and Immunology, students will learn the dynamics of the host/parasite relationship, including the host defense systems, and the relationship of microorganisms to diseases. Upon graduation, students will have a firm foundation in methods, tools, and techniques for a career in research as well as mentorship from Georgetown University faculty who are leading experts in the field.

Our PhD program is customized to the student’s interests. Upon entering the program, students will meet with their advisors to plan their coursework and select laboratories for research rotations.

PhD students can receive merit-based aid through fellowship and assistantship awards. The awards cover tuition, stipend, student health insurance, and mandatory fees. An average of 2 students are awarded each year. Visit the Biomedical Graduate Education website for more information on PhD Funding.

Learn about the application process and requirements.

Learn about the required exams, research rotations, courses, and PhD Dissertation here.

Check the list of required and elective courses.

Course Schedule

Find an example course schedule.

Student Resources

Browse resources and opportunities for our students.

Get more information about the program and department.

Career Advancement

Our students benefit from the services of the Biomedical Graduate Education career office, including one-on-one advising, skills workshops, leadership programs and more to help them take the next step in their professions.

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• Microbiology & Immunology PhD Program

Microbiology & Immunology PhD Program at the Medical College of Wisconsin

Message from the Director

Michelle Riehle, PhD

Assistant Professor of Microbiology & Immunology Co-Director, Graduate Program in Microbiology & Immunology

[email protected] (414) 955-8592

Vera Tarakanova, PhD

Professor of Microbiology & Immunology Co-Director, Graduate Program in Microbiology & Immunology

[email protected] (414) 955-7480

Microbiology & Immunology

About the program, current students, course summary, tuition and fees.

Mission of the Graduate Program in Microbiology & Immunology The Graduate Program in Microbiology & Immunology (M&I) seeks to teach and train the next generation of research scientists in the molecular and cellular biology of bacterial pathogens, virus/host interactions, the innate and adaptive immune responses, animal and cellular model systems of infection and immunity, the microbiome, and the molecular mechanisms of gene expression, signal transduction, cell proliferation and cancer biology. It is the goal of the faculty and students to utilize classic and cutting-edge methodologies and technologies to conduct interdisciplinary research that will solve problems that are of significant biomedical importance.

Objectives of the Graduate Program in M&I Through participation in a variety of departmental activities, M&I graduate students receive a broad education and training base that encompasses various aspects of biomedical science including those centered in the fields of bacteriology, immunology, virology, molecular biology, microbe-host interactions, genetics/gene expression and cancer biology. Our students develop essential technical skills and/or capabilities that allow them to conduct independent research, and effectively communicate scientific accomplishments in both written and oral forms. In general, M&I faculty seek to promote accomplishment of these objectives by providing a stimulating work and learning environment in which scientific curiosity is encouraged, scientific questions of significance are investigated, rigorous experimental approaches to problems are designed and executed, data is critically interpreted, and sound and cogent concepts are developed. The M&I Graduate Program assesses accomplishment of these objectives through several mechanisms including didactic course requirements, required annual research in progress (RIP) scientific presentations, semi-annual meetings with dissertation committee members coupled with submission of mentor summary statements, and dissertation-specific qualifying and defense examinations. The ultimate goal of the M&I Graduate Program is to produce well-rounded scientists that possess the necessary maturity, experience, and knowledge base to become independent leaders in the biomedical sciences within academia, industry, government, or other health-related career venues. These goals are consistent with the mission of the MCW Graduate School and of the Medical College of Wisconsin as a whole.

Find out more about the Microbiology & Immunology PhD students.

Curriculum details to come...

25-210 Principals in Laboratory Animal Science - 1 credit A one-credit hour course surveying the issues fundamental to the successful use and care of animals in biomedical research. Students will gain knowledge of an array of core topics in laboratory animal science, including: understanding and navigating ethical and regulatory frameworks in which animal research occurs; basic biology and care of common laboratory species; managing rodent breeding colonies; contemporary issues in laboratory rodent genetics; important sources of non-experimental variables in animals research, including nutrition, microbial status, and pain; strategies for minimizing pain and distress in animal subjects; and basic techniques in laboratory rodent handling and restraint.

25-230 Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology - 3 credits This advanced course consists of introductory lectures on a selected topic followed by in-depth discussions of original research articles on topics such as bacterial invasion, virulence factors, immune evasion, virus-host interactions, T-cell functions, and viral regulatory proteins.  

25-234 Cellular and Molecular Immunology - 3 credits This course is an introduction to the experimental basis of immunology through readings from texts and current immunological journals. Topics covered include the cellular basis of the immune response, antigens, antibodies, and molecular basis for generation of immunologic diversity, and regulation of the immune response.

25-236 Cellular Microbiology - 3 credits Cellular Microbiology is designed for students who are interested in contemporary concepts of cellular microbiology and microbial/viral pathogenesis. We will emphasize host/pathogen relationships and illustrate how the study of bacteria and viruses has provided insight into the molecular and cell biology of many eukaryotic processes. This is by no means a classical microbiology course or a classical cell biology course, and does not provide a survey of microorganisms. Rather, students will gain an appreciation of the basic properties of bacterial and viral pathogens, the processes leading to acute and chronic infections, the strategies that these agents utilize to enter and traffic through cells and exploit host cell processes for regulated gene expression, and technical approaches to pathogen study. Faculty will present formal lectures and engage students in numerous paper presentations/discussions.   Students will be expected to acquire substantial background information in out-of-class readings. 

25-251 Advanced Molecular Genetics - 3 credits The goal of the course is to introduce students to current concepts in cancer biology, explore original research articles that form the basis of our current understanding of cancer, and provide students with experience in the critical evaluation of original cancer research. The course will consist of introductory sessions to place the course in context, followed by in-depth critical analysis and discussion of research articles relating to the topic being addressed. The introductory lectures within each unit will provide background information and establish a framework for the discussion of the research articles.  Chapters from Weinberg's "The Biology of Cancer" or reviews will augment the readings. Following an introduction to a topic by each instructor, the topic will be explored by discussion of original research articles that have contributed to our understanding of that topic. Papers will be posted on D2L as PDF files. Each student is expected to have read and studied assigned articles in depth prior to class and to participate actively in meaningful discussions. For each paper discussion session, students will be placed into teams with assigned responsibilities for setting up the background and hypotheses behind the papers, the experimental approaches and findings, and the discussion of what has or should be done to extend the work presented. The discussion sessions will require active student participation. In sum, the lectures and discussion sessions will provide students with a contemporary understanding of the fundamental biological processes involved in the initiation and progression of cancer. Moreover, the students will become familiar with the most important questions in cancer research today and the experimental approaches that can be brought to bear on these questions.  Prerequisites: There are no formal prerequisites, although students will be expected to have a firm understanding of molecular and cell biology, classical and molecular genetics, signaling, and techniques commonly used in these disciplines.  

25-259 Mucosal Immunity - 1 credit Gastrointestinal diseases are among the most common and least understood human health problems. Intestinal epithelial cells act as a dynamic interface between the external and internal environments and are polarized into an apical and basolateral domain. The primary functions of these cells are to maintain barrier integrity via tight-junctions with neighboring cells and function in absorption and secretion. Epithelial cell polarity is reflected by distinct protein localization. Those in the apical compartment are specialized for nutrient absorption and ion secretion. Basolateral localized proteins are specialized for maintenance of the electrochemical gradient and adherence to neighboring cells and the subjacent extracellular matrix. Intestinal epithelial cells are key participants in the mucosal immune response and maintain chronic physiologic inflammation characteristic of the intestinal mucosa. In response to pathogen infection or inflammatory stimuli, epithelial cells upregulate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides and chemokines and are a likely cause of pathologic inflammation in numerous gastrointestinal disorders. The primary objective for this course is to provide advanced information and conceptual knowledge regarding the mucosal immune system in health and disease.  

25-260 Mucosal Pathogenesis - 1 credit Mucosal Pathogenesis is an upper-level, 1-credit hour M&I course that focuses on the interactions of microbial pathogens with cells of the mucosal epithelium. Students will gain a detailed and comprehensive understanding of specific infectious microbial pathogens, and the mechanisms utilized by these microorganisms to associate, invade, and/or cause disease at the mucosal surface. Microorganisms to be discussed include those that target that respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal tract, and the genital/urinary tract. The course will comprise a combination of formal lectures by instructors, group discussions of scientific papers from the recent literature, and activity-based learning sessions including grant critique, manuscript review, and assigned topic presentations. Student participation in these activities will comprise 50% of the final grade. The remaining 50% will be based on performance of take home assignments associated with individual 2-week blocks.

25-261 Bacterial Toxin-Mucosal Cell Interactions - 1 credit Bacterial Toxin-Mucosal Cell Interactions is a 1 credit hour upper-level M&I course that addresses the interactions between bacterial toxins and mucosal cells. The goal of this course is to provide students an appreciation of how bacterial toxins that target mucosal cells function as virulence factors and utilized as vaccines and for the development of clinical therapies. The course format includes formal lectures and paper discussions. The course will meet for 6 weeks during the third block of the fall semester (weeks 13-18). Cellular and Molecular Immunology (25-234) or Cellular Microbiology (25-236) are a prerequisite for this course.  

25-262 Tumor Immunology - 1 credit Tumor Immunology is an upper-level, 1-credit hour M&I course that will focus on the interactions of tumor cells with various components of the immune system. These interactions are complex, and immune-based strategies for treating cancer have had limited success in the clinic. This course will examine the following: (a) How the immune recognizes tumor cells as “foreign”, (b) Immune strategies for targeting cancer, (c) Barriers to achieving effective tumor immunity, (d) Monitoring the immune response to cancer, and (e) Use of animal models to study the interactions between tumor cells and the immune system. The goals of the course will be to gain an in-depth understanding of the complex interactions between tumor cells and the immune system, and to learn how animal models can be used to better understand these interactions. While the course will be heavily weighted towards the discussion of important papers in the field of Tumor Immunology, it will also involve didactic lectures. Students will be evaluated through attendance and participation (30% of final grade) and a final exam (70% of final grade). The course will meet twice a week for a total of 6 weeks.

25-263 Signaling in the Immune - 1 credit Signaling in the Immune System is an advanced topic immunology course that focuses on different aspects of cell signaling and how these shape the immune response. Students will learn, in detail, how different immune cell types utilize distinct cell-surface or intracellular receptors to regulate their activity or differentiation state. The course will be divided into formal lectures by instructors introducing different topics, followed by a group discussion of scientific papers in that field.  

25-264 Developmental Immunology - 1 credit Upper-level 1 credit hour M&I course that focuses on the key molecular mechanisms regulating myeloid and lymphocyte maturation and adaptive immunity.  Students will gain a detailed understanding of T and B cell development and antigen receptor repertoire selection.

Key processes covered during formal lectures: 1. Commitment of progenitor cells to the myeloid and lymphocyte lineages 2. Rearrangement of antigen receptor genes 3. Selection events that shape the antigen receptor repertoire 4. Proliferation of progenitors 5. Differentiation into functionally and phenotypically distinct lymphocyte subpopulations.

Key themes linking the material: 1. Transcription factors in immunology: shared factors – different roles 2. Cytokines and growth factors drive functional diversification 3. Lineage “commitment” preserves lineage flexibility 4. Distinctions between steady state homeostasis and immune responses 5. Distinctions between mice and humans

In addition to formal lectures by the instructors, the course will feature group discussions of seminal papers that have shaped current thinking in the field.  Students will be evaluated by their participation during group discussion and by a single take-home final examination. The course will meet twice weekly for 6 weeks.

25-265 Immunological Tolerance - 1 credit Immunological tolerance is defined as unresponsiveness to an antigen that is induced by previous exposure to that antigen.  Tolerance to self-antigens, also called self-tolerance, is a fundamental property of a healthy immune system that is maintained by multiple overlapping mechanisms.  Failure of self-tolerance results in autoimmune diseases that can affect every organ system of the human body. Conversely, the induction of self-tolerance may also be exploited for therapeutic purposes.  In this mini-course, we will consider the general features and mechanisms of self-tolerance in T cells and B cells.  These mechanisms include (1) anergy, (2) deletion by apoptosis, and (3) suppression by regulatory T cells.  In addition, this course will consider select models of autoimmunity that have proven to be effective tools in our effort to understand tolerance as a complex biological process.  The mechanisms of immunological tolerance constitute essential knowledge for all students training in Immunology.

25-266 Clinical Immunology - 1 credit Clinical Immunology is an upper-level, 1-credit hour M&I course that will provide advanced information and conceptual knowledge regarding the human immune system in health and disease. The information presented in this course will: provide the student with a knowledge of general and specific tests to evaluate specific components of human immune function, lead to a fundamental understanding of diseases caused by primary or secondary abnormalities in immune function, provide a basic understanding of histocompatibility antigens in human disease and their role in bone marrow transplantation, provide knowledge of autoimmunity (systemic autoimmunity, autoimmune diseases of skin and the gastrointestinal tract), provide a fundamental knowledge of atopic diseases. We will also explore present and future therapies for disorders of immune function.

25-269 Advanced Bacterial Physiology - 1 credit Advanced Bacterial Physiology is 1-credit hour M&I course that focuses on fundamental and diverse aspects of bacterial physiology. Students will gain an understanding of the mechanisms bacteria use to execute, coordinate, and control basic cellular processes such as macromolecular synthesis, nutrient utilization and metabolism, signal transduction, and stress responses. The course focuses on critical evaluation and discussion of papers from the primary literature. These discussions will be augmented by short didactic presentations of background material by the instructor to place the paper’s topic and findings in context.

25-270 Advanced Virology - 3 credits Concepts in virology are illustrated by selected appropriate model systems of animal viruses. Topics include viral replication, genetics, antivirals, and virus-host interactions.

25-271 Membranes and Organelles - 1 credit Membranes and Organelles is an upper-level, 1-credit hour cell biology course that focuses on the topics of membrane protein trafficking and membrane biogenesis. Students will gain a detailed understanding of organelles and membrane protein trafficking and degradation, membrane vesicle fusion, secretion, and membrane biogenesis. The course will consist in part of readings of seminal papers describing the genetic screens done in yeast for secretion (sec), vacuolar protein sorting (vps) mutants, and autophagy (atg), as well as the Rothman in vitro vesicle fusion experiments. These experiments provide the first description of the proteins we know today to be involved in membrane protein fusion, secretion, and trafficking, and emphasize the power of yeast genetics. After grounding in the design and outcome of these historic screens, the class will focus on what is known today about the proteins identified in the original ground-breaking screens. The newer areas of membrane biology – the formation of lipid droplets and formation of autophagosomes – will follow similar format – the first session examining the discovery and formation of paradigm, and the second session delving into what is known today. Students will be evaluated by participation in paper discussion (40%) and a final take-home exam (60%). The course will meet twice a week for 6 weeks.

25-280 Classical Papers in Microbiology and Immunology - 1 credit Classical Papers in Microbiology and Immunology (M&I) is a course suitable for all students in the Microbiology and Immunology graduate program. Through this course, instructors and students will review, discuss, and critique notable papers from the last century that have made seminal contributions to the fields of molecular biology, bacteriology, virology, immunology, biochemistry, and/or genetics. The impact of these contributions in the present day will also be discussed. In addition to instructor-identified papers, students will also choose and formally present a recent paper for discussion that they feel has made a substantive contribution to the biomedical sciences. Papers to be discussed are expected to vary between semesters depending on topic of discussion and instructor(s) facilitating the discussion. Ultimately, this course is expected to provide students with an expanded knowledge base of seminal papers in the broad fields of microbiology and immunology. 

25-289 Career Internships in the Biomedical Sciences - 0 credit Career Internships in the Biomedical Sciences is a 0-credit training course that will provide students in the Graduate Program in Microbiology and Immunology with an opportunity to complete a semester-long internship in a biomedical science career outside the postdoc-faculty pathway. Currently, this new course is being developed with three internship modules (Teaching, Clinical Microbiology, and Research Core Management); however, it is expected that new internship opportunities will be developed in the future to address additional student interests. Each internship has been developed such that students will gain direct hands-on experience in the career opportunity. Each internship also includes extensive opportunity for one-on-one mentoring with individuals experienced in that career pathway (i.e. site directors, course directors, research core managers, etc.). As part of each internship, students are required to complete a “scholarly activity” that will employ the use of information and/or techniques that have been acquired during the training period. Finally, site directors and/or other participants active in the student’s training during the internship will complete evaluations providing the student with feedback regarding their performance during the internship.

25-290 Career Development Training in the Biomedical Sciences – 1 credit The purpose of this course is to introduce students to the skills needed to identify and prepare for career opportunities following graduation from MCW. The course will meet for 2 hours each work during the summer with the goal of helping students develop key documents and/or skill sets to facilitate future career planning including career assessment, career goal setting, career exploration and networking, job search strategies, building resume/CV, writing statements, interview skills, and negotiating job offers. Individual sessions will include a lecture by one of the Course Directors or an invited instructor experienced in the topic to be discussed. Within each session, students will also be split into small groups to facilitate interactions, and allow review and assessment of specific assigned activities. At the end of the course, students will have completed a series of individual assignments that will culminate in development of an individual career plan and career portfolio.

25-298 Immunology Journal Club - 1 credit The purpose of this course is to learn, evaluate and present cutting edge immunological research topics from leading journals to gain knowledge of new immunological findings and to stay current with emerging technologies. Students will attend and present in a weekly independently organized immunology journal club. During the semester, students will be required to attend the journal club and write a short paragraph after each presentation regarding what they learned. This should include: The knowledge gap being addressed, the hypothesis being tested, strengths and weaknesses of the study and resulting conclusions. If a journal club is not scheduled for a particular week, the students will be required to attend an independently organized immunology work-in-progress series. For the students’ presentations, students will select a research paper of immunological focus from a list of preapproved journals. While the student can choose any topic of interest, the selection will require approval from the course director. The presentation will consist of a PowerPoint style presentation including the following information: Why the student selected the article, the knowledge gap being addressed, background information supporting the hypothesis, the hypothesis being tested, discussion of the approaches and experimental data, strengths and weaknesses of the study and conclusions including potential future directions. Ultimately, this course is expected to provide students with an expanded knowledge base of current topics in the broad field of immunology.

25-300A Graduate Seminar - 1 credit In this course, students are trained to organize and present a scientific seminar. Students identify an area of interest and select one to several reports from the literature on which to base the seminar. Students are instructed on how to develop an effective introduction, how to progress through the description of scientific questions, how to effectively present data figures and conclusions, and how to logically tie the data and conclusions together into a coherent and compelling story. Students are required to meet periodically with the course director prior to their seminar to decide on the seminar topic, to discuss PowerPoint slides, and to conduct practice seminars. A video camera will be available for those students wishing to have their seminar videotaped. Students will meet with the course director following their seminar to discuss audience comments, recommendations for improvements, and prepare critiques from other seminar activities. Students will also attend and prepare written critiques of selected departmental seminars from invited outside speakers, and from students and faculty presenting their Research in Progress (RIP). The class will meeting two times during the semester following these seminars to discuss strengths and weakness of the seminars. Students in the Department of Microbiology & Immunology are required to enroll and complete the seminar course at least once as part of their departmental core curriculum. The class will be limited to four students per semester and priority given to third year students. Students receiving a grade lower than an A- on their first offering must take a second semester of seminar to complete the requirement.

Degree Offered The M&I Graduate Program offers a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD).

Program Admission Requirements Those interested in pursuing education and research within the Department of Microbiology & Immunology should pursue admission through the Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences (IDP) , the Neuroscience Doctoral Program (NDP) , the Medical Scientist Training Program (MD/PhD) , or direct admission into the Microbiology & Immunology  program.

A Bachelor’s degree (either completed or in the process of completing) is required for admission to any MCW graduate program. Applicants will ideally have a 3.0 or higher grade point average (GPA). Personal statements and letters of recommendation from professors, advisors, research supervisors, etc. who know you well are highly regarded in the admission process. Prior research experience is also strongly considered.

Applications accepted by the priority application deadline of December 15 th will receive first priority for admission the following Fall. Students are admitted once per year.

If you have questions regarding tuition or your account, please contact the Office of Student Accounts, at (414) 955-8172 or  [email protected] . Please refer to the  All Student Handbook  (PDF) for tuition payment policies and information.

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PhD Students All full-time PhD degree-seeking students in good academic and professional standing receive the following financial support package:

• Full tuition coverage
• Yearly stipend ($33,612 for the '23-'24 academic year)
• Complimentary health insurance

There is no additional process to secure this package aside from accepting an offer of admission. Further, this package is guaranteed from the time of enrollment through completion of degree requirements.

Current MCW Employees Tuition Course Approval Form - Human Resources  (PDF)

Late Fees There is a $250 late payment fee for tuition not paid on time according to the Tuition Payments policy in the  All Student Handbook  (PDF).

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Graduate School Forms

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Medical Microbiology and Immunology (Doctorate)

Doctorate, dual degree.

Advance your understanding of the smallest physiological systems, their defenses and mechanisms, and the scientific method through Creighton University’s Doctor of Philosophy in Microbiology and Immunology program. Through extensive research, this PhD program prepares students to be highly qualified experts in medical microbiology and immunology.

Creighton provides the specialized equipment, resources and broad expertise of a large university, but with smaller class sizes. This advantage allows you to have regular interaction with faculty members and other students in your cohort, as well as additional hands-on training with research equipment and tools in the lab. You’ll be inspired to think critically about pressing topics, engage in conversations about research ethics and spark your creative inquiry. Research at Creighton is mission-driven, making your work part of a larger effort to serve others and create a more just world.

Your research interests drive the program

From genome replication to the study of disease-causing bacteria and viruses, this program involves extensive research of topics within the different fields of microbiology and immunology. After completing the program’s core coursework and electives, you’ll work with faculty to identify a topic that interests you, put together a research project, and submit a proposal for a grant from the National Institutes of Health.

A supportive—and leading edge—environment for research

As a student in this clinical medical microbiology and immunology program, you will have access to a wide variety of resources. Your professors will work closely with you—guiding your studies and acting as teachers, advisors and mentors throughout your degree and career. Many of our faculty members collaborate and work with students long after they earn their degree.

Creighton's state-of-the-art facilities, such as the BSL-3 biocontainment facility  provide hands-on experiences that will help you develop skills to differentiate you after graduation.

Program Details

Program goals and curriculum.

Creighton’s PhD in Medical Microbiology and Immunology prepares students for a broad range of possible careers in research or as an educator in medical microbiology and immunology and related health science fields.

To earn this doctoral degree, you must complete 90 credit hours:

• Foundations of Microbiology
• Bacterial Physiology
• Advanced Microbial Pathogenesis
• Host Defense
• Cellular and Molecular Immunology
• Current Topics in Medical Microbiology and Immunology
• Biostatistics
• Department Seminar and Teaching (taken each semester)
• Directed Independent Research for Doctoral Students
• Doctoral Dissertation

Students who have already obtained their Master of Science in Medical Microbiology and Immunology may have a maximum of 30 credit hours transferred to the doctoral program.

Creighton’s Medical Microbiology and Immunology faculty are experts in research and instruction that relates to the intersection of microbial pathogenesis and host defense. Faculty works closely with staff, post-doctorates and students in an environment where individual and collective achievement through publications and presentations is encouraged.

Dual Degree and Master's Options

Master's program.

Master of Science in Medical Microbiology and Immunology  (30 credits)

• The courses required for the master’s degree serve as the foundation for the PhD program. Additional research and a doctoral dissertation are required to complete the doctoral program.
• Students who have already completed the Master of Science in Medical Microbiology and Immunology program may have a maximum of 30 credit hours transferred to the doctoral program.
• Available on campus only.

Dual Degree Programs

Students can complete a  dual degree program  to earn two degrees at once, saving both time and money. The following dual degree option is available in medical microbiology and immunology:

• Medicine (Doctor of Medicine)  + Medical Microbiology and Immunology

Admission Requirements

To be considered for admission to the PhD in Medical Microbiology and Immunology program, applicants must:

• Complete an application & submit a $50 application fee
• Possess a bachelor’s degree in a related field with 3.0 GPA or higher
• Include coursework in biological and chemical sciences, and have a strong foundation in microbiology, immunology, molecular biology and biochemistry
• Provide official transcripts from all educational institutions attended. Read more about  sending transcripts here
• Include a resume or curriculum vitae
• Submit a personal statement (see application for specific requirements)
• Submit three letters of recommendation from persons other than friends or family members

 A personal interview may be requested in addition to the above requirements. The interview may be conducted in-person or virtually.

International students are welcomed into this program and F-1 visas will be supported upon admission.

International applicants must:

• Meet  English language proficiency requirements
• Complete and submit a Certification of Available Finances Form through the  Global Engagement Office  if admitted

Tuition & Financial Aid

Tuition is waived and health insurance is provided for students accepted into Creighton’s Doctorate in Medical Microbiology and Immunology program. A stipend is also provided for students in the PhD program.

Have questions?  Email  or call a friendly financial specialist at 402.280.2731 for any additional questions you may have.

Dates and Deadlines

The table below details the enrollment deadline and starting date of courses for the current academic year. If you have any questions about dates, deadlines, or application materials, please  contact an admissions advisor for personalized assistance.

Related Programs

• Master of Science in Medical Microbiology and Immunology

Department Links

• Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department

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University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada, R3T 2N2

Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (PhD)

The Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (PhD) program offers graduate students advanced training in clinical microbiology and infectious disease care, as well as collaborative research opportunities in molecular pathogenesis of microbial disease, immunobiology of infection, molecular mechanisms of antimicrobial action, microbial resistance and epidemiology.

Program details

Admission requirements.

• Max Rady College of Medicine • Faculty of Graduate Studies

• Doctor of Philosophy

Expected duration

Program options.

• Full-time

Study with us

The Department of medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, initially established in 1884, is dedicated to research and training in the area of infectious diseases. The department combines strong basic science research and graduate student training with excellent in clinical microbiology and infectious disease care and post-graduate clinical training.

Core disciplines in the department include molecular pathogenesis of microbial disease, immunobiology of infection, molecular mechanisms of antimicrobial action, microbial resistance and epidemiology.

Innovative education

Work with an integrated team of investigators, educators and practitioners providing leading-edge education, innovative research and expertise in both medical microbiology and infectious diseases.

Learn more about our supervised research programs

Cutting-edge research facilities

Train in the National Microbiology Laboratory and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, as well as in microbiology laboratories at the Winnipeg Health Sciences Centre and St. Boniface Hospital.

The Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases offers programs of study leading to the PhD degree, with research and academic experience suitable for a career in basic microbiology or infectious diseases.

Expected duration: 5 years

Tuition and fees:  Tuition fees are charged for terms one and two and terms four and five. A continuing fee is paid for term three, term six and each subsequent term. (Refer to Graduate tuition and fees .)

In addition to the minimum course requirements of the Faculty of Graduate Studies, found in the Graduate Studies Regulations Section , students must:

• Complete a minimum of 6 credit hours of coursework at the 7000-level
• Maintain an overall GPA of 3.0 with no single grade lower than C+
• Submit an acceptable thesis and pass a candidacy examination

Course offerings

• MMIC 6010: Biological safety (3 credit hours)
• MMIC 7012: Fundamental Virology (3 credit hours)
• MMIC 7040: Clinical Bacteriology (6 credit hours)
• MMIC 7050: Microbial Pathogenicity (6 credit hours)*
• MMIC 7140: Clinical Parasitology (6 credit hours)
• MMIC 7160: The Molecular Basis of Antibiotic Action (3 credit hours)
• MMIC 7170: Molecular Biology of Animal Viruses (3 credit hours)
• MMIC 7190: Readings in Infectious Diseases (3 credit hours)
• MMIC 7210: Clinical Virology (3 credit hours)
• MMIC 7220: The Ecology of Infectious Diseases (6 credit hours)

*Students must pass MMIC 7050 with a minimum grade of C+ in order to graduate. 

For full course descriptions, please visit the Academic Calendar .

The following are minimum requirements to be considered for entry into the Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases PhD program. Meeting these requirements does not guarantee acceptance into the program.

To be considered for admission to the Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases PhD, you must have a master's degree or equivalent from a recognized university and a cumulative GPA of 3.0 in the last two years of study (60 credit hours for Canadian and US applicants).

In addition to the admission requirements described here, all applicants must meet the minimum admission and English language proficiency requirements of the Faculty of Graduate Studies .

How to apply

Applicants must interview (by email or virtually) with a potential supervisor prior to applying and obtain confirmation from that supervisor that they will accept the applicant (if the student is approved and offered admission by the Faculty of Graduate Studies). This potential supervisor must be a University of Manitoba, Department of Medical Microbiology faculty member.

The Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (PhD) program accepts applications for Fall, Winter and Summer entry. Applications must be completed online and include several parts:

• $100 application fee (non-refundable)
• Unofficial copies of transcripts and degree certificates
• Supervisor support (must be confirmed prior to applying)
• Two letters of recommendation (must be requested from within the application)
• Proof of English language proficiency , if required

Please read the  Faculty of Graduate Studies online application instructions  before beginning your application.

Application deadlines

Applications are reviewed on a committee basis . The Admissions committee for Architecture reviews applications in March.

Applications open up to 18 months prior to start term.

Applicants must submit their online application with supporting documentation and application fee by the deadline date indicated.

Start or continue your application

Applications are reviewed on a committee basis . The Admissions committee for City Planning reviews applications in March.

Winter applications are accepted on a case-by-case basis.

Applications are reviewed on a committee basis . The Admissions committee for Design and Planning reviews applications in March.

Applications are reviewed on a committee basis . The Admissions committee for Interior Design reviews applications in March.

Applications are reviewed on a committee basis . The Admissions committee for Landscape Architecture reviews applications in March.

Applications are reviewed on a committee basis . The Admissions committee for Anthropology reviews applications in March/April.

Applications are reviewed on a  committee basis . Please contact the department for admission committee review timelines.

Applications open September 1 of year prior to start term.

Applications open   up to 18 months prior  to start term.

Applications are reviewed on a  committee basis . The Admissions committee for History reviews applications in February.

Applications are reviewed on a  rolling basis .

Applications open July 1 of year prior to start term.

Applications are reviewed on a  Committee basis . The Committee for German and Slavic Studies reviews applications in February/March.

Applications are reviewed on a rolling basis .

Applications are reviewed on a committee basis . The Admissions committee for Management reviews applications in February / March.

Applications are reviewed on a committee basis . The Admissions committee for Physical Therapy reviews applications in April / May.

Applications open  August 1 of the year prior to start term.

Applications are reviewed on a committee basis . Please contact the department for admission committee review timelines.

Program currently undergoing review, applications will not be opening at this time.

Select Preventive Dental Science in the Program drop-down on the application form.

Applications are reviewed on a  committee basis . The Admissions committee for Educational Administration, Foundations and Psychology reviews applications in March / April.

Applications to Educational Administration, Foundations and Psychology are currently closed.

Applications are reviewed on a  committee basis . The Admissions committee for Education reviews applications in February / March.

Applications to Education PhD are currently closed.

Applications are reviewed after the deadline, with decisions issued in March - April.

Currently not accepting applications to this program.

Applications are reviewed on a  committee basis . Please contact the department for admission committee review timelines.

Applicants must submit their online application with supporting documentation and application fee by the deadline date indicated. Applications received by the March 1 deadline for a September start-date will receive first consideration for any available funding. Late applications will be considered on a case-by-case basis for any available funding, please contact the department for further information.

Applications are reviewed on a  committee basis . The Admissions committee for Human Rights reviews applications in January - March.

Applications are reviewed on a  committee basis . The Admissions committee for Law reviews applications in January - March.

Applications are reviewed on a  committee basis . The Admissions committee for Nursing (MN) reviews applications in April / May.

Applications are reviewed on a  committee basis . The Admissions committee for Nursing PhD reviews applications in February / March.

Applications are reviewed on a  committee basis . The Admissions committee reviews applications as per the timelines noted below each table.

Winter applications reviewed in October Summer applications reviewed in February Fall applications reviewed in June

Winter applications reviewed in June Summer applications reviewed in October Fall applications reviewed in February

Applicants must submit their online application with supporting documentation and application fee by the deadline date indicated. This includes having the support of a faculty supervisor before you apply.

Applications are reviewed on a  committee basis . The Admissions committee for Natural Resources Management reviews applications in March - June.

After the annual application deadline (see below), applications are reviewed on a committee basis by the Faculty of Social Work internal admissions committee. Once this process is complete, decisions are sent to all applicants in March / April. 

Applications open  July 1 of year prior to start term.

Applications are reviewed on a  committee basis . The Admissions committee for Social Work reviews applications in March / April.

Applications are reviewed on a  committee basis . The Admissions committee for Music reviews Fall term applications in December / January, and Winter term applications in July.

Applications are reviewed on a committee basis . The Admissions committee for Occupational Therapy reviews applications in May / June.

Master of Occupational Therapy regular program  applications open September 15 of the year prior to deadline .

Master of Occupational Therapy accelerated program  applications open October 1  of the year prior to deadline .

The name of your confirmed supervisor is required at the time of application. To identify a prospective thesis research supervisor on your application, please  contact Immunology Faculty members .

Applications are reviewed on a  committee basis . The Admissions committee for Community Health Sciences reviews applications in March / April.

Fall 2025 applications are currently closed.

The name of your preferred supervisor is required at time of application.

Applications are reviewed on a  committee basis . Students selected for in-person interview will be notified in February.

Applications are reviewed on a  committee basis . The Admissions committee for Physician Assistant Studies reviews applications in April.

Offers of admission will be released to successful applicants on May 17, 2024 from the University of Manitoba Master of Physician Assistant Studies, the same day as the University of Toronto BScPA Program and McMaster University Physician Assistant Education Program. The three institutions are pleased to provide applicants their offers on the same day to help with the decision-making process.

Applications are reviewed on a  committee basis . The Admissions committee for Pharmacology and Therapeutics reviews applications one month after the application deadline.

Applications for Pathology MSc are reviewed on a  rolling basis .

Applications for Pathologist Assistant are reviewed on a  committee basis . The Admissions committee for Pathologist Assistant reviews applications in April / May. 

The Pathologist Assistant program only admits Canadian and US students every two years. The Fall 2023 intake has been suspended. The next intake is tentatively scheduled for Fall 2025.

Applications are reviewed on a  committee basis . The Admissions committee for Statistics reviews applications in March / April.

Applications are reviewed on a  committee basis . The Admissions committee for Biological Sciences reviews applications one month after deadline.

Applications are reviewed on a committee basis . The Admissions committee for Indigenous Studies reviews applications in February and June.

Applicants must submit their online application with supporting documentation and application fee by the deadline date indicated. For those who wish to be considered for scholarships, applications must be received by January 15 of the year in which you're seeking admission.

Applications are reviewed on a committee basis . The Admissions Committee for Applied Human Nutrition reviews applications in February.

Les demandes d’admission sont évaluées par un comité . Le comité d’admission évalu les demandes durant les mois de Mars et Avril.  

Les demandes peut être surmise jusqu’à concurrence de 18 mois avant le début de premier trimestre.

Toute demande d’admission en ligne doit être déposée, avec documents à l’appui, au plus tard aux dates indiquées.

Soumettre ou continuer votre application

Research and scholarly activity

The Max Rady College of Medicine is a leader in areas including immunity and infectious diseases. Learn more about what they're doing.

Tuition and fees

Learn about the tuition and fee requirements associated with graduate studies at UM.

Financial aid and awards

There are a variety of awards and funding options to help you pay for school as a student in the Max Rady College of Medicine.

Academic Calendar

Explore program requirements and detailed descriptions of required and elective courses offered in the Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (PhD) program.

Explore the Max Rady College of Medicine

For over 125 years, the Max Rady College of Medicine has contributed to education, research and clinical service. Western Canada’s first medical school, the College develops qualified medical graduates who distinguish themselves through excellence in clinical care, health system innovation and leadership, and internationally recognized research.

• Programs of study
• Student experience
• Community and partners

Explore the Faculty of Graduate Studies

Discovery happens here. Join the graduate students and researchers who come here from every corner of the world. They are drawn to the University of Manitoba because it offers the opportunity to do transformational research.

• Funding, awards and financial aid
• Graduate student experience

Keep exploring

Discover more programs

With over 140 graduate programs across multiple faculties, schools and colleges, the University of Manitoba offers more learning, teaching and research opportunities than any other post-secondary institution in the province.

• Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (MSc)
• Immunology (PhD)
• Medicine (MD/PhD)
• Community Health Sciences (PhD)
• Community Health Sciences (MPH)

Join the students and researchers who come here from every corner of the world.

What it's like to be a UM student

Be adventurous, challenge yourself and make a difference.

Opportunities for Indigenous students

Experience a world-class education in the heart of Canada.

Why international students study with us

We offer state of the art facilities with 140 years of history.

Our campuses

Admission and application inquiries.

Faculty of Graduate Studies Room 500 UMSU University Centre 65 Chancellors Circle University of Manitoba (Fort Garry campus) Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2 Canada

[email protected] Phone: 204-474-9377

Monday to Friday 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.

Program inquiries

Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Room 543, Basic Medical Sciences Building 745 Bannatyne Avenue University of Manitoba (Bannatyne Campus) Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9 Canada

[email protected] Phone: 204-789-3444 Fax: 204-789-3299

Research Areas

Research underway in our department involves the rigorous study of bacterial, fungal, protozoan, and viral pathogens. Organisms under study are: Toxoplasma gondii , Neisseria gonorrhoeae ,  Mycobacterium sp. , Brucella sp., Listeria , Blastomyces ,  Aspergillus , Cryptococcus neoformans ,  Candida , influenza virus, Herpes simplex, and uropathogenic Escherichia coli . Faculty also investigate diverse immunological topics such as the sexual dimorphism of immune responses, regulatory T cell biology, leukocyte migration, and vaccine development. Recently, outstanding research groups have been established to address symbiotic relationships between bacteria and animals and the influence of the microbiome on wound healing. Since the Department’s establishment in 1935, our faculty have made fundamental contributions to the study of infectious disease and immunity. Our current faculty demographic reveals a melting pot of well-established, recognized leaders in the field, a consistently productive group of mid-level faculty, and a new group of junior faculty who are poised to step to the fore and represent our department well into the future.

MMI provides an exceptional learning environment for undergraduates through rigorous coursework and research opportunities. Graduate students may earn a Ph.D. through the MMI co-sponsored, nationally acclaimed Microbiology Doctoral Training Program. The success of our instructional efforts is evident from the excellent student evaluations and ratings, the numerous teaching awards garnered by our faculty, and the doctoral training program’s ranking of first among U.S. public institutions and third nationwide.

Bacterial Pathogenesis

Our mechanistic understanding of bacterial pathogenesis is fundamental to our ability to diagnose, treat, and prevent bacterial diseases. Moreover, as rapidly evolving populations of antibiotic-resistant bacteria spread worldwide, efforts made by our microbiologists to elucidate the genetic, molecular, and cellular elements responsible for a bacterium’s virulence become increasingly vital to our survival. Our faculty explore the mechanistic basis of pathogenesis for such prominent pathogens as enterohemorrhagic E. coli and uropathogenic E. coli, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Listeria monocytogenes. How these organisms colonize and invade host cells or tissues, cause damage to their hosts, and elude or alter host immune responses represent the primary themes under which more focused, innovative investigations are led by our bacterial pathogenesis faculty.

Fungal Pathogenesis

Our survival is inexorably linked to the Kingdom Fungi. Among its many essential roles, fungi contribute to the global recycling of nutrients, the generation of enzymes used in food production, and the production of antimicrobials. Few of the thousands of known fungal species are capable of causing disease, and yet life-threatening infections caused by these pathogens are increasingly prevalent. The ease with which Candida may form biofilms on medical devices contributes to its persistence among nosocomial infections. Pulmonary and systemic infections caused by Aspergillus, Blastomyces, Cryptococcus, and Histoplasma are often misdiagnosed or diagnosed too late to respond effectively to treatment. Resistance to common antifungals is growing. Our fungal pathogenesis faculty seek to alleviate the global burden of fungal infections by understanding and manipulating the dynamic interplay between fungal pathogen and host.

Anyone who has overcome a bout of the flu or received a vaccination can appreciate the essential, protective role of the immune system. Yet, the simple idea of an individual’s ability to protect itself from foreign agents becomes exponentially more complex when studied at a cellular and molecular level. MMI immunology faculty are no strangers to the labyrinthine world of cells, molecules, and signaling pathways that act in our defense. Some of our faculty focus on broadly applicable immunological phenomena such as the contribution of NKT cell autoreactivity to tolerance, the regulatory role of gamma delta T cells, or mechanisms of leukocyte migration. Other MMI immunology faculty study host-pathogen relationships, often in the context of reliably adapted animal models. The development and efficacy of Blastomyces dermatitidis and Borrelia burgdorferi vaccines, the contribution of innate and adaptive cellular responses to resistance in African trypanosomiasis, and the manipulation of innate immune cells by Toxoplasma gondii constitute a few of the research foci within the context of specific infectious diseases.

Parasitology

Protozoan and helminth parasitic diseases afflict billions of people globally and are collectively one of the greatest burdens on human health and well being. For instance, the World Health Organization estimates ~200 million yearly cases of malaria with ~1 million fatalities. African trypanosomiasis is currently less of a direct threat to human health but represents a huge brake on economic development as a veterinary pathogen in sub-Saharan Africa. Toxoplasma  infects more than 60 million people in the United States without direct consequences in healthy individuals, but it can be life threatening in immunosuppressed individuals (e.g., transplantation, HIV). These parasites and others are increasingly a concern due to globalization. American trypanosomiasis, for example, is a potential issue in the U.S. from transfusion and transplantation. MMI faculty focus on the innate cell biology of protozoan parasites, on the interplay of host and pathogen, and on the immunobiology of host responses. It our broadly defined mission to contribute to the knowledge base that will ultimately alleviate the burden of these deadly and devastating pathogens

Cooperative symbiotic relationships between humans and bacteria have historically been overlooked in the face of our struggle with bacterial pathogens. Yet, the bacteria that call our body “home” aid our survival against these pathogens by, for instance, competing with them for space and nutrients. Examples of cooperative and pathogenic relationships between organisms exist throughout the natural world, and our symbiosis faculty lead the way in studying animal:bacteria symbioses. This cooperative research group uses the colonization of the light organ of the squid Euprymna scolopes by the marine luminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri as a model system to investigate the mechanisms underlying these complex relationships.

From the persistently annoying nasal congestion of the common cold viruses to the swift lethality of the Ebola virus, human viral diseases run the gamut of severity and affect all areas of human health. Virologists in the MMI department study some of our most notorious viral foes including HIV, influenza virus, herpes simplex virus, and hepatitis C virus. Using a variety of genetic, biochemical, and immunological techniques, our virology faculty unravel the pathogenesis of, and immune response to, these ingenious microbes.

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Graduate Research Topics

Discovery, biosynthesis, and chemical ecology of microbial natural products; bioactivity and mode of action of antibiotics; biocatalyst development

Joseph A. Krzycki Biochemistry and molecular biology of methanogenic Archaea emphasizing methane formation and their genetic encoding of the novel amino acid pyrrolysine.

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Microbiology, PHD

On this page:, at a glance: program details.

• Location: Tempe campus
• Second Language Requirement: No

Program Description

Degree Awarded: PHD Microbiology

The PhD program in microbiology offers a dynamic research environment; a broad range of basic, translational and use-inspired research areas; advanced transdisciplinary training; and opportunities to work with world-class faculty and collaborative research partners committed to training scientific leaders with skills necessary for addressing significant global microbiological problems and challenges.

This program focuses on the smallest of living things and immunology. Students can tailor the program around their interests and gain skills in contemporary approaches used in microbiology, biomedicine and biotechnology. They train in a broad array of fields, including microbial ecology and evolution, geomicrobiology, bacterial physiology and genetics, bacterial pathogenesis, metabolic engineering, immunology and vaccine development, and cancer biology.

Faculty members are associated with the School of Life Sciences, The Biodesign Institute, The Translational Genomics Institute, Barrow Neurological Institute, and other area hospitals and research centers.

Interdisciplinary partners within ASU

Participating faculty members and researchers come from many departments, colleges, centers and institutes across the university.

• ASU School of Life Sciences
• ASU Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering
• ASU The Biodesign Institute
• ASU School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
• ASU School for Energy, Material and Transport Engineering

Interdisciplinary parters outside ASU

• St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center/Barrow Neurological Institute
• Carl T. Hayden Veteran's Administration Medical Center
• Mayo Clinic in Arizona
• Translational Genomics Research Institute
• University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix
• Phoenix Children’s Hospital

Program Faculty   PhD Students

Courses and electives

Elective courses (6 - 24 credit hours).

• MIC 791 Seminar: Virology Journal Club
• MIC 598  Special Topics: Immun: Molecular and Cell Foundations
• MIC 598 Special Topics: Advanced Immunology
• MCB 791  Seminar: Molecular Virology Journal Club 
• BIO 611 Topics Resp Conduct Research: Emerging Technologies Life Science
• MIC 598: Immunology: Molecular & Cellular Foundations
• MIC 598: General Virology
• MIC 598: Advanced Immunology
• MIC 598: Bacterial Diversity and Systematics
• MIC 598: Novel Models for Host-Microbe Interactions
• MIC 598: Bioinformatic Analysis of High-throughput DNA Data
• MIC 598: Bacterial Pathogenesis
• MIC 598: Geomicrobiology
• MIC 598: Microbial Ecology and Evolution
• MIC 598: Viromics 

Application and admission information

How to apply.

Applications open September 1 for admission in Fall of the following year. The application deadline is December 1. We accept applications for Fall semesters only. We cannot guarantee that applications received after the December 1 deadline will be considered for admission.

All applicants must apply by filling out ASU's Graduate Admissions application. All application materials must be submitted through the application or to Graduate Admissions directly. Please do not mail or email any documents to the School of Life Sciences. 

• Required materials and information include the following:
• 1-2 page personal statement
• An up to date CV or resume
• The names of relevant SOLS faculty you have been in touch with who you might be interested in being supervised by
• Unofficial transcripts and English proficiency test scores (if applicable)
• The names and emails of at least 3 recommenders to write you letters of recommendation

Application review process and timeline

Following the December 1 deadline, faculty will begin reviewing applications. Applicants should monitor their My ASU priority tasks to ensure there are no missing materials in their application.

Faculty will decide which applicants they would like to invite to our Graduate Recruitment Weekends (GRWs), typically held in February. Applicants will hear from the School of Life Sciences in January if they are invited to participate in the GRWs.

Admission decisions will begin after the GRWs, and applicants typically receive final decisions by April 1.

Requirements

Minimum requirements for admission include the following:

• Cumulative GPA of at least 3.0 on a 4.0 scale
• There are other ways to demonstrate English proficiency beyond the tests, so please refer to ASU's English proficiency webpage to review how you might satisfy requirements

Desired qualifications typically seen in competitive candidates:

• Research experience and a letter of recommendation from a faculty research supervisor
• English proficiency scores that meet these teaching assistant language proficiency requirements

Please note that the GRE is not required.

Students offered admission to a PhD program in the School of Life Sciences will typically receive a funding offer as well. While individual funding offers may differ to some degree, they typically include teaching assistant and/or research assistant positions each semester (summer optional) for 5 years. These positions provide financial coverage through the following:

• A standard salary stipend paid biweekly
• Tuition remission covering enrollment in 6-18 credit hours for fall and spring semesters and 1-14 credit hours for summer semesters
• Health insurance coverage

To discover more, check out the ASU Graduate College's funding opportunities !

Degree Requirements

84 credit hours, a written comprehensive exam, an oral comprehensive exam, a prospectus and a dissertation

Required Core (4 credit hours) BIO 610 Introduction to Responsible Conduct of Research in Life Sciences (1) MIC 501 Foundations in Microbiology (3)

Electives or Research (68 credit hours)

Culminating Experience (12 credit hours) MIC 799 Dissertation (12)

Admission Requirements

Applicants must fulfill the requirements of both the Graduate College and The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences.

Applicants are eligible to apply to the program if they have earned a bachelor's or master's degree in the biological sciences, biochemistry or a closely related field from a regionally accredited institution.

Applicants must have a minimum cumulative GPA of 3.00 (scale is 4.00 = "A") in the last 60 hours of their first bachelor's degree program, or a minimum cumulative GPA of 3.00 (scale is 4.00 = "A") in an applicable master's degree program.

Applicants must submit the following:

• graduate admission application and application fee
• official transcripts
• academic record form
• personal statement
• curriculum vitae or resume
• three letters of recommendation
• proof of English proficiency

Additional Application Information An applicant whose native language is not English must provide proof of English proficiency regardless of their current residency.

Prior research experience is a desired qualification for admission.

Next Steps to attend ASU

Learn about our programs, apply to a program, visit our campus, learning outcomes.

• Able to review the scholarly literature associated with research questions in microbiology.
• Able to design and execute a research plan in an area of microbiology under advisement of their mentors.
• Able to communicate science effectively, both orally and in writing.

Career Opportunities

Graduates of this program's intense and interactive educational and research training are prepared for advanced careers in research and education, specifically in bacteriology, virology, mycology, immunology and oncology.

Career possibilities are diverse, with opportunities in academic organizations, research and development industries, government service and other professional organizations. Examples include:

• instructors in universities and colleges
• principal investigators in government labs and nonprofit organizations
• professors in universities and colleges
• research associates in universities
• research scientists in industry

Program Contact Information

If you have questions related to admission, please click here to request information and an admission specialist will reach out to you directly. For questions regarding faculty or courses, please use the contact information below.

• [email protected]
• 480/965-1768

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• View all journals

Clinical microbiology articles from across Nature Portfolio

The meaning of oral bacteria in faeces

Our study investigated microbial dynamics involved in the relative enrichment of oral bacteria in faeces. Results in mice and from human patients indicated that high percentages of oral bacteria reflect a depleted gut microbiota, with oral bacteria simply passing through rather than expanding in the gut, which has implications for gastrointestinal disease treatment.

Latest Research and Reviews

Genomic insights unveil the plasmid transfer mechanism and epidemiology of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae in Vietnam

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) is a significant cause of severe community-acquired infection, primarily in Asia. Here, the authors characterise the genetic profile, phylogenetic structure, and plasmid features of hvKp in Vietnam.

• Quynh Nguyen
• Nguyen Yen Thi Phuong
• Duy Thanh Pham

Identification of Mycobacterium abscessus using the peaks of ribosomal protein L29, L30 and hemophore-related protein by MALDI-MS proteotyping

• Satomi Takei
• Kanae Teramoto

An antiplasmid system drives antibiotic resistance gene integration in carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli lineages

It has been predicted that mobilization of resistance genes from plasmid to chromosome is selected by an antibiotic pressure. Here, authors discover an antiplasmid system promoting the chromosomal integration of the carbapenemase gene bla OXA-48 .

• Pengdbamba Dieudonné Zongo
• Nicolas Cabanel
• Isabelle Rosinski-Chupin

Multiplex PCR for bacterial, viral and protozoal pathogens in persistent diarrhoea or persistent abdominal pain in Côte d’Ivoire, Mali and Nepal

• Jasmin K. Jasuja
• Florian Bub
• Sören L. Becker

Assessment of three antibiotic combination regimens against Gram-negative bacteria causing neonatal sepsis in low- and middle-income countries

High levels of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase encoding genes were detected in bacterial isolates causing neonatal sepsis in LMICs. Authors assess the in vitro activity of three antibiotics (fosfomycin, flomoxef and amikacin) in combination against ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates.

• Biljana Kakaraskoska Boceska
• Tuba Vilken
• Herman Goossens

In vitro activity of plazomicin and other aminoglycosides against Klebsiella pneumoniae multidrug-resistant strains

• Alicja Sękowska

News and Comment

Resisting weight gain with prebiotic fibre

Resistant starch is a prebiotic fibre that is fermented by the gut microbiota and leads to benefits for host physiology. A clinical trial in Nature Metabolism demonstrates weight loss when resistant starch was given to individuals with excess weight.

• Matthew M. Carter
• Sean P. Spencer

The contribution of human conflict to the development of antimicrobial resistance

Pallett et al. discuss the impact of human conflict on development of antimicrobial resistance. They overview approaches to limit the spread of antimicrobial resistance, using the ongoing conflict in Ukraine as an example of the challenges and opportunities.

• Scott J. C. Pallett
• Sara E. Boyd
• Emma J. Hutley

In vitro activity of cefiderocol in combination with new β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations (βL-βLICs) against multidrug resistant KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae

• Paolo Gaibani
• Tiziana Lazzarotto
• Simone Ambretti

Doxycycline-PEP — novel and promising but needs monitoring

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain public health concerns. Doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis to prevent STIs is a novel promising intervention, which in a new study caused an ∼65% reduction in incident STIs. However, long-term effects on STI prevalence, microbiomes and antimicrobial resistance among STI pathogens, non-STI pathogens and commensals need to be monitored.

• Magnus Unemo
• Fabian Yuh Shiong Kong

Gut bacteria thwart the blood sugar-lowering effect of acarbose

In this issue of Nature Metabolism , a gut bacterial glucosidase that degrades the antidiabetic drug acarbose is linked to poor treatment response. Its widespread distribution in the human microbiome could compromise the efficacy of acarbose treatment in many patients.

• Melanie M. Brauny

Quick links

• Explore articles by subject
• Guide to authors
• Editorial policies

Alternatively, use our A–Z index

Attend an open day

PhD/MPhil Medical Microbiology / Overview

Year of entry: 2024

• View full page

We require applicants to hold, or be about to obtain, an Upper Second class Honours degree, or the equivalent qualification gained outside the UK, in a related subject area for entry to a PhD programme. A Lower Second class Honours degree may be considered if applicants also hold a Master's degree with a Merit classification.

Full entry requirements

See full guidance on how to choose a project and submit an application on our websi te . You should then complete the online admissions application form to apply for this programme. Ensure you include all required supporting documents at the time of submission, or this may delay the processing of your application.

Application deadlines

You must submit your application for a postgraduate research programme before the relevant deadline to be considered. You will not be able to apply after these deadlines have passed.

• January entry: 15 October (of the year prior entry)
• April entry: 15 January (year of entry)
• September entry: 15 June (year of entry)

Programme options

Programme overview.

• Learn from some of Europe's leading researchers while undertaking your own project.
• Access some of the best research facilities in the world at both the University and in hospitals around Greater Manchester.
• Undergo training in transferable skills critical to developing early-stage researchers and professionals through the Doctoral Academy's training programme.
• Conduct research at a university ranked 6th in the UK (QS World University Rankings 2023).

For entry in the academic year beginning September 2024, the tuition fees are as follows:

• PhD (full-time) UK students (per annum): Standard £4,786, Low £11,000, Medium £17,500, High £23,000 International, including EU, students (per annum): Standard £27,000, Low £28,500, Medium £34,500, High £40,500
• PhD (part-time) UK students (per annum): Standard £2393, Low £5,500, Medium £8,750, High £11,500 International, including EU, students (per annum): Standard £13,500, Low £14,250, Medium £17,250, High £20,250

Further information for EU students can be found on our dedicated EU page.

Contact details

Programmes in related subject areas.

Use the links below to view lists of programmes in related subject areas.

• Biosciences

Regulated by the Office for Students

The University of Manchester is regulated by the Office for Students (OfS). The OfS aims to help students succeed in Higher Education by ensuring they receive excellent information and guidance, get high quality education that prepares them for the future and by protecting their interests. More information can be found at the OfS website .

You can find regulations and policies relating to student life at The University of Manchester, including our Degree Regulations and Complaints Procedure, on our regulations website .

• Student/Faculty Portal
• Learning Hub (Brightspace)
• Continuous Professional Development

Clinical training

Mayo Clinic's campus in Rochester, minnesota, offers two Clinical Microbiology Postgraduate Fellowships: the Ph.D. (CPEP) program and the M.D. (ACGME) program.

CPEP program

The two-year Clinical Microbiology Ph.D. (CPEP) Postgraduate Fellowship leads to certification by the American Board of Medical Microbiology (ABMM) in Medical and Public Health Laboratory Microbiology.

Second year

During your first year of training, you will rotate through the bacteriology, mycobacteriology, mycology, molecular microbiology, virology, parasitology, and infectious disease serology laboratories. These rotations emphasize the practical aspects of clinical microbiology. You become proficient in pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical phases of diagnostic testing, including processing specimens, performing procedures at the bench, and result reporting and interpretation.

The first year also has a strong didactic component, with interactive lectures, small group discussions, and one-on-one education. As a fellow, you will gain additional knowledge and experience through providing case-based clinical presentations and error/event analysis. In addition to microbiology-specific education, training is provided in leadership management and the pathology of infectious diseases.

You will have a broad range of experiences during your second year of training:

• Division of Infectious Diseases. As a fellow, you will spend at least three months rotating with our infectious disease clinicians. While there, you will learn how results from the clinical microbiology laboratory are interpreted and applied for patient care. Additionally, you will learn to integrate clinical and microbiological data for diagnostic, interpretive, and prognostic purposes.
• Hospital infection control. During this two-week assignment, you learn about the specific functions and daily responsibilities of a nurse epidemiologist. This includes recognizing and controlling nosocomial infections and using proper methods to sterilize hospital equipment and supplies.
• Minnesota Department of Health. During the second year of training, you will spend two weeks training in St. Paul, Minnesota, at the Minnesota Department of Health Infectious Disease Laboratory . You will work in laboratory management, epidemiology, and the state laboratory quality assurance program. At the bench level, you will learn procedures for collecting and processing food and stool specimens for pathogenic microorganisms, the principles of water bacteriology, and detection techniques for the rabies virus.
• Test development and research. After completing the previous rotations, you will spend the rest of your second year participating in the development and implementation of a new diagnostic test or completing an independent research project. 
• External Laboratory Directorship Rotation. Fellows may select a one-month rotation in the clinical microbiology laboratory at either the Mayo Clinic campus in Scottsdale, Arizona, or Jacksonville, Florida.

ACGME program

The Clinical Microbiology M.D. (ACGME) Postgraduate Fellowship is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and meets the certification requirements of the American Board of Pathology (in Medical Microbiology). 

This one-year training program generally matches the first year of the CPEP Fellowship, but your schedule can be modified based on your prior training, experience, and specific areas of interest. Individuals with anatomic pathology experience have the opportunity to actively participate in the infectious diseases pathology consult service. 

Didactic training

As a fellow in the Clinical Microbiology, M.D. (ACGME) or Ph.D. (CPEP) Postgraduate Fellowship, you will participate in the following didactic training opportunities:

• Clinical microbiology rounds.  Presentation and discussion of current cases and interesting laboratory aspects.
• Clinical microbiology journal club.  Monthly one-hour meeting led by fellows.
• Infectious disease conference.  Weekly one-hour presentation given by consultants or fellows.
• Laboratory Leadership and Management course.  Series of sessions given by consultants from the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology.
• Test development conference. Monthly one-hour meeting for brief updates about special projects carried out by fellows and others in the division.
• Core curriculum.  Intensive core curriculum didactic course in all areas of diagnostic microbiology.
• Infectious diseases pathology core curriculum. Interactive, case-based course in covering the histopathology and cytopathology of infectious diseases.
• Small group reading/review sessions. One-hour sessions, three times per week, with consultants for board preparation. 

To support your educational experience, you have access to Mayo Clinic's medical library as well as the learning resources available in the fellows' resource room, where individual desks and computers are provided for each trainee.

Research and test development training

Research is an important component of the Clinical Microbiology, M.D. (ACGME) or Ph.D. (CPEP) Postgraduate Fellowship. You will complete a research project in which you will develop or evaluate new tests, assess existing tests, evaluate new or existing antimicrobial agents, and/or analyze the clinical value of specific laboratory tests.

Early in the program, you will meet with consultants to discuss available projects to allow for time to begin your project and collect sufficient data for submission of meeting abstract(s) and completion of your project by the end of the program. An introduction to the IRB system, the Mayo Clinic library, and the department's Biorepository Laboratory services will also be provided.

We have a tremendous number of resources to support research at Mayo Clinic, including readily-accessible statistical support, graphic design and media services, and publication services. We also have the DLMP Research Innovation Office (RIO) which provides support for drafting and submitting IRB protocols. These services facilitate research, taking care of the administrative aspects, and allowing the fellow to focus on the scientific aspects of the project.

You will have the opportunity to submit abstracts to regional, national, or international meetings in clinical microbiology/infectious diseases, and/or publish your studies in peer-reviewed journals.

Call frequency

You will be responsible for taking call on a weekly (i.e., 24/7 calls for seven days) rotational basis. This includes:

• Assisting in the resolution of laboratory problems
• Contacting clinical services about important laboratory findings or problems
• Obtaining clinical histories of patients with important or unusual laboratory findings
• Presenting these problems and histories at laboratory rounds

Teaching opportunities

As a fellow, you will help to teach pathology residents and other trainees rotating in clinical microbiology. 

You will be responsible for reviewing and discussing clinical cases with residents during the clinical microbiology rotation. The resident participates in all aspects of the services, including laboratory rotations, taking call, and presenting at rounds. 

You will also provide didactic lectures and assist with wet lab activities in a supervisory/teaching role for medical students, the clinical laboratory science program, and global health training sessions.

You will be evaluated at the completion of each rotation, which may range in length from four to 16 weeks. Evaluations assess fellow competence in:

• Patient care
• Medical knowledge
• Professionalism
• Systems-based practice
• Practice-based learning and improvement
• Interpersonal and communication skills

Evaluations are also completed for all fellow presentations, such as laboratory rounds and journal club.

The program director will meet with you quarterly to review your evaluations and discuss professional growth. In addition, allied health staff and residents are asked to evaluate your performance periodically. You will be able to view your evaluations electronically. Final written summative evaluations are completed for each fellow upon completion of the Clinical Microbiology, M.D. (ACGME) or Ph.D. (CPEP) Postgraduate Fellowship.

Elli Theel, Ph.D. Program Director (Ph.D. Program inquiries)

Bobbi Pritt, M.D. Program Director (M.D. Program inquiries)

Laura Wilder Education Coordinator Email:  [email protected]

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33 New Medical microbiology project topics

Medical microbiology plays a crucial role in understanding and combating infectious diseases. Conducting a well-planned and meaningful project in this field is essential for advancing our knowledge and finding innovative solutions. 

Choosing the right project topic is a critical first step in ensuring the success and impact of your research. In this article, we will explore various medical microbiology project topic ideas, research methodologies, project planning, data analysis, and more. 

Importance of Medical Microbiology Projects 

Medical microbiology projects contribute significantly to our understanding of pathogens, antimicrobial resistance, host-microbe interactions, and disease mechanisms. 

By conducting research in this field, we can unravel the mysteries of infectious diseases and develop strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. 

Significance of Choosing the Right Topic 

Selecting an appropriate project topic is paramount to the success of your research. It should align with your interests, address a relevant research gap, and have practical implications . 

The right topic will not only engage you throughout the project but also contribute valuable insights to the field of medical microbiology.

33 intriguing project topic ideas to consider

Here’s a non-exhaustive list of medical microbiology project topics for undergraduates and MSc students.

Topic 1: Investigating the Role of Gut Microbiota in Autoimmune Diseases 

Autoimmune diseases have been linked to alterations in the gut microbiota. This project aims to explore the relationship between gut microbiota composition and the development, progression, and management of autoimmune diseases. 

By studying microbial diversity, immune responses, and metabolomic profiles, we can gain valuable insights into potential therapeutic interventions. 

Topic 2: Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Common Pathogens 

Antibiotic resistance poses a significant global health threat. This project focuses on investigating the antibiotic resistance patterns of common pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in a local hospital setting. 

By identifying the prevalent resistance mechanisms and associated risk factors, we can optimize antimicrobial therapy and develop strategies for infection control. 

Topic 3: Impact of Microbial Biofilms on Chronic Wound Infections 

Biofilms play a crucial role in chronic wound infections, leading to treatment challenges. 

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This project aims to understand the formation, composition, and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of biofilms associated with chronic wounds. 

By elucidating the intricate interactions between biofilm communities and host factors, we can develop novel approaches to manage and prevent these infections.

4. Characterization of antibiotic resistance mechanisms in multidrug-resistant bacteria. 

5. Investigation of the role of biofilms in chronic infections. 

6. Exploring the impact of probiotics on gut microbiota composition and health. 

7. Elucidating the molecular basis of viral-host interactions in viral infections. 

8. Analysis of the microbiome in patients with autoimmune diseases. 

9. Assessing the effectiveness of phage therapy against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. 

10. Identification and characterization of novel antimicrobial compounds from natural sources. 

11. Investigating the role of the microbiome in the development of allergies and asthma. 

12. Understanding the mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer in antibiotic resistance dissemination. 

13. Evaluation of the efficacy of novel disinfectants in healthcare settings. 

14. Molecular epidemiology of nosocomial infections and surveillance of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. 

15. Investigating the impact of climate change on the spread of vector-borne diseases. 

16. Studying the role of microbiota in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. 

17. Analysis of the microbial diversity in dental plaque and its association with oral health. 

18. Exploring the potential of bacteriophages as alternatives to antibiotics in treating bacterial infections. 

19. Investigating the impact of environmental factors on the microbiota of the skin. 

20. Characterization of the role of gut microbiota in metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes. 

21. Understanding the mechanisms of antifungal drug resistance in Candida species. 

22. Evaluation of the efficacy of different sterilization techniques in medical device manufacturing. 

23. Investigation of the role of microbial communities in chronic wound infections. 

24. Analysis of the impact of vaccination on the prevalence and diversity of infectious diseases. 

25. Identification and characterization of novel drug targets in pathogenic bacteria. 

26. Study of the interaction between the microbiome and the immune system in autoimmune disorders. 

27. Exploring the microbiota composition and its association with mental health disorders. 

28. Investigating the role of viral infections in the development of cancer. 

29. Evaluation of the efficacy of antimicrobial coatings in preventing healthcare-associated infections. 

30. Study of the genetic basis of virulence in bacterial pathogens. 

31. Analysis of the impact of antimicrobial stewardship programs on antibiotic resistance patterns. 

32. Investigation of the microbial diversity in respiratory tract infections. 

33. Understanding the role of the microbiome in inflammatory bowel diseases. 

Remember to choose a topic that aligns with your interests and research goals. These topics offer a range of exciting avenues for exploration in the field of medical microbiology.

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Project Planning and Execution 

Once you have chosen a project topic , it is essential to plan and execute your research effectively. 

This involves setting clear objectives and goals, designing appropriate experiments and protocols, and considering ethical aspects. Collaborating with experts in the field can enhance the quality and impact of your research. 

Data Interpretation and Analysis 

After collecting data, it is crucial to analyze and interpret the findings accurately. Statistical analysis and data visualization techniques can help identify trends, patterns, and statistical significance. 

Ensuring the validity and reliability of your results is essential for drawing meaningful conclusions. 

Discussion and Conclusion 

In the discussion section, interpret the significance of your research findings in the context of existing literature. 

Compare and contrast your results with previous studies, highlight limitations, and propose future directions. 

Conclude your project by summarizing key findings, emphasizing their implications, and discussing potential applications in medical microbiology. 

How do I choose the right medical microbiology project topic? 

To choose the right project topic, consider your interests, relevance to the field, and potential impact. Research current trends and gaps in medical microbiology, consult with mentors and select a topic that aligns with your goals.

What are the ethical considerations in medical microbiology research? 

Ethical considerations include obtaining informed consent, ensuring patient confidentiality, following ethical guidelines and regulations, and conducting research with integrity and transparency. 

How can I ensure the validity of my research findings? 

To ensure validity, employ rigorous experimental design, use appropriate controls, validate methods, replicate experiments, analyze data critically, and consider potential biases and confounding factors. 

Can I collaborate with other researchers on my project? 

Collaboration with other researchers is encouraged as it brings diverse expertise, resources, and perspectives to your project. Collaborative efforts can enhance the quality and impact of your research. 

How can I present my project findings effectively? 

To present your project findings effectively, prepare clear and concise visual aids, practice your presentation, engage with your audience, and highlight the significance and implications of your research. 

Conducting a medical microbiology project provides an opportunity to contribute to scientific knowledge and make a positive impact in the field of healthcare. 

By selecting a compelling topic, planning your research, analyzing data diligently, and engaging in meaningful discussions, you can successfully execute a project that advances our understanding of infectious diseases and leads to improved patient outcomes. 

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2024 Convocation Recognizes Exceptional Graduate Students

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Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences highlighted students in the Class of 2024 for their academic achievements during its convocation ceremony on May 15.

The ceremony honored students who are graduating with their master’s degrees, as well as those who earned special awards and prizes for their accomplishments in research, scholarship and service.

In addition to celebrating students, the ceremony also honored graduate school faculty. Dr. Cynthia Leifer (Ph.D. '99), professor of microbiology and immunobiology at the College of Veterinary Medicine at Cornell University, won the 2024 Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences Award of Distinction. This award honors alumni who have demonstrated exceptional achievements and outstanding contributions to biomedical research and education.

2024 Award Winners

Distinguished Student Commencement Speaker Award

Chloe Lopez-Lee, Neuroscience Program; Mentor, Li Gan, Ph.D.

David P. Hajjar Excellence in Teaching and Mentoring Award

Jason Lewis, Ph.D.

Professor, Pharmacology Program

Member, Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute

Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Teaching and Mentoring Award

Theresa Lu, MD, Ph.D.

Member, Immunology Program, Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Director, Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program

Pharmacology Teaching and Mentoring Award

Kristen Pleil, Ph.D.

Associate Professor, Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Medicine

Executive MBA/MS Excellence in Healthcare Leadership Award

Waleed Javaid, M.S.

Executive MBA/MS in Healthcare Leadership

Julian R. Rachele Prize for significant research published in a scientific journal 

David J. Falvo, “A reversible epigenetic memory of inflammatory injury controls lineage plasticity and tumor initiation in the mouse pancreas.” Developmental Cell 58, 2959–2973 (2023). Mentor: Rohit Chandwani, M.D., Ph.D.

Albert S. Agustinus, “Epigenetic dysregulation from chromosomal transit in micronuclei.” Nature 619, 176–183 (2023). Mentors: Yael David, Ph.D. and Samuel F. Bakhoum, M.D., Ph.D.

Student Service Award

Kathleen Mills, Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program

In recognition of her mentorship of high school and undergraduate students and her service to the IMP Program and WCGS.

Student Diversity Award

Yasmine Issah, Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program

In recognition of her outstanding dedication to fostering an inclusive and diverse community.

Vincent du Vigneaud Research Symposium Awards

First-Year Poster Presentation Awards

First Place:

Peyton Carpen , “Impact of Calorie Restriction on Bone Marrow Stromal/Stem Cell Lineage Differentiation” (PI: Baohong Zhao, PhD) 

Ziqi (Christine) Yu , “Treating Triple Negative Breast Cancer in Brain Metastasis using P-selectin Targeting Nanoparticles” (PI: Daniel Heller, PhD)

Second Place:

Sarah Sheridan , “Effect of NKD1 Knockdown on Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation” (PI: David Scheinberg, MD, PhD)

Carolyn Ton , “Living Origami: How Cell Behaviors Drive Neural Tube Closure” (PI: Jennifer Zallen, PhD)

Austin Varela , “Harnessing Intrinsic Variability within the Tumor Microenvironment to Explainably Determine Cellular Communication” (PI: Ashley Laughney, PhD)

Second Year and Above Poster Awards

Hailey Goldberg , “A Nanoparticle-Based Platform for the Treatment of Senescence-Related Pathologies” (PI: Scott Lowe, PhD)

Moniquetta Shafer , “What Makes Methylmalonic Acid? Identifying and Characterizing the Functions of an Understudied Oncometabolite-Producing Enzyme” (PI: John Blenis, PhD)

Patrick Wallisch , “Interrogating the CD47-SIRP Axis in Chronic T Cell Stimulation to Translate Novel GvHD Therapies” (Professor David Scheinberg)

Rachel Payne , “Development of a PSMA Heterogeneous Tumor Model for Targeted Radiotherapy.” (PI Jason S. Lewis, Ph.D.)

Oral Presentation Awards

Madison Darmofal , “Deep Learning Model for Tumor Type Prediction using Targeted Clinical Genomic Sequencing Data” (PI: Quaid Morris, PhD)

Stephen Ruiz , “A Redox Stress-Modulated Phospholipase A2 Remodels Lipids to Regulate Ferroptosis in Cancer” (PI: Daniel Heller, PhD)

Celeste Parra Bravo , “Human iPSC 4R Tauopathy Model Uncovers Modifiers of Tau Propagation” (PI: Li Gan, PhD)

Weill Cornell Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences 1300 York Ave. Box 65 New York, NY 10065 Phone: (212) 746-6565 Fax: (212) 746-8906

• Nebraska Medicine

Midwest Student Biomedical Research Forum

The Midwest Student Biomedical Research Forum provides an opportunity for young researchers from the health sciences, graduate, intern, and resident programs throughout the Midwest to present their research in the biomedical sciences.

 8:00 a.m. – 4:30 p.m.

Mike & Josie Harper Center Creighton University, 602 N 20th Street, Omaha, NE

MSBRF provides the option of presenting research in either an oral or poster format. The forum gives students an excellent opportunity to have their original work reviewed, evaluated, and recognized by their peers and established scientists. Each abstract submitted to the forum is subject to the same type of peer review applied to the selection of manuscripts for publication in major scientific journals.  Financial awards are given in several categories .

MSBRF has grown into an important assembly of young scientists. The previous MSBRF, held in March 2023, was a tremendous success with more than 180 students from Midwestern medical schools presenting their research at the forum.

The forum has been co-sponsored by the University of Nebraska Medical Center and Creighton University since 1987.

Keynote Presenter

Julie K. Freed, MD, PhD, FAHA, FCVS, is associate professor, executive vice chair, and director of clinical research in the Department of Anesthesiology at the Medical College of Wisconsin. Her presentation title is Translational Tales of Resiliency Within the Human Microvasculature.

Joining the Forum

Registration is now closed , cancel/refund policy.

The registration fee for an abstract that is not accepted will be refunded in the same form that the registration payment was received.

No other refunds will be processed.

If for any reason, you will not be able to present at the Forum, you must provide written notification, with the consent of your advisor, no later than Friday, Feb. 16, 2024.

Faculty Advisors

Director, Research Compliance Office; Professor, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Creighton University Medical Center

Assistant Professor Emeritus, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center

Planning Committee

The MSBRF Planning Committee is composed of students, faculty, and staff of UNMC and Creighton University.

MSBRF Student Committee

Amanda Christensen (UNMC) Emma Curran (Creighton) Anna Kosmach (UNMC) Justin Rudd (Creighton) Sarah Uhm (UNMC) Aron Lee (Creighton)

Joe Knezetic, PhD Charles Kuszynski, PhD

Administrative Contacts

Colin Dworak (CU) Brenda Ram, CMP, CHCP (UNMC)

Director, Educational Programs, Center for Continuing Education, UNMC

Phone: 402-559-9250

Class of 2024 Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Graduates Urged to Become Changemakers

Louis Toth, a Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine associate clinical professor of anatomy and neurobiology (left), and Adam Hall, an assistant professor of anatomy and neurobiology, with Graduate Medical Sciences students at their May 16 convocation ceremony. Photos by Jacob Mackey

Class of 2024 Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Graduates Urged to Become Changemakers

“success is not just in the destination, but also in the journey,” student speaker says, doug fraser.

In greeting BU’s Chobanian & Avedisan School of Medicine Class of 2024 MD and PhD graduates at their May 16 convocation, Karen Antman , school dean and provost of the Medical Campus, noted that graduation is one of the most joyous annual events of academic life. She also reminded them that their doctorates in philosophy and medicine convey considerable public trust.

Citing the amount of unrest around the world, natural disasters, and medical challenges on a global scale, Antman said: “We hope that you will become leaders in solving these issues.” 

At the afternoon ceremony at the BU Track & Tennis Center, 35 PhD, 144 MD, 4 combined MD/PhDs, 3 combined MD/MBAs, an MD/JD, and 2 MD/OMFS (oral and maxillofacial surgery) degrees were bestowed. Nearly 400 Graduate Medical Sciences students (43 master of arts, 323 master of science, and 10 combined master of science/master of public health) received master’s degrees in a ceremony held that morning at the same venue.

“The faculty know that you will use the knowledge, the research, and clinical skills that you have mastered here to make a difference in the world going forward,” C. James McKnight , associate provost and dean of Graduate Medical Sciences, noted in his remarks to the MD/PhD graduates.

Josiane Fofana (CAMED’24) was selected by PhD students to address the MD/PhD graduating class, their families, friends, and faculty.

“[I am] truly humbled, because humility reminds me of how far I’ve come and how much more there is to accomplish,” said Fofana, who grew up in Senegal, and in 2011 moved to Boston, where she completed an associate degree in biological sciences at Bunker Hill Community College before earning a BS in biochemistry from Brandeis University, and finally, a PhD in virology, microbiology, and immunology at BU.

Fofana asked students to look beyond their degree.

“In the pursuit of knowledge, we often overlook the importance of emotional intelligence,” she said. “Brilliance devoid of empathy renders us empty, contributing to the injustice in this world.”

The mother of a three-year-old, Fofana founded a nonprofit providing quality and STEM-based education to children in Dakar, Senegal. She is pursuing a postdoctoral position at the University of Ghana as a Fogarty Global Health Fellow .

Selected as this year’s student speaker by her MD classmates, Bridgette Merriman grew up in Rochester, N.Y., graduated from Boston College, and will become a pediatric resident at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital. A survivor of childhood cancer, she was hooded by David Korones, her pediatric oncologist at Golisano Children’s Hospital in Rochester.

“One of the most beautiful aspects of our journey together has been the friendships we’ve formed and the shared experiences that have strengthened our bond,” Merriman said. “From our first days of orientation to the challenges of clinical rotations, we’ve grown together, supporting each other every step of the way.

“I know…that you have the minds, the hearts, and the souls of changemakers,” she said.

In her address to the MD and PhD graduates, Monica Bharel (CAS’94, CAMED’94), former chief medical officer at Boston Health Care for the Homeless, former commissioner of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, and currently the clinical lead for Public Sector Health at Google, urged students to consider global issues of health equity and socioeconomic impacts.

“Healthcare is a basic human right, not a privilege,” she said. “Our profession should focus on improving health beyond the healthcare system—in communities—and focus on prevention of disease with equal focus as treatment of disease.” 

Brent Leung (CAMED’24) was the first of three student speakers chosen by their peers to speak at the GMS convocation. Born and raised in Toronto, Canada, Leung graduated from the Master of Science in Medical Sciences program and will enter BU’s MD program this fall.

“Bonding over practice questions, writing out pathways on whiteboards, going out for drinks after an exam—these are the memories that come to mind when I reflect on the past two years,” said Leung. “While I don’t know what the future holds for all of us, I do know that we all have the capacity to succeed.”

Representing the physician assistant program, student speaker Ellie McIntosh (CAMED’24) admitted that she fainted at the first surgery she attended. “Soul-searching” was how she described an undergraduate journey that shifted through four majors, from biomedical sciences to “undeclared,” before she finally graduated with a degree in finance.

Working in an OB/GYN clinic in Dallas brought her back into medical science and healthcare. Now, the Texas native will remain in Boston as a practicing PA. Like Leung, she said she wasn’t alone on her journey, but was supported by classmates, faculty, family, and friends. 

“My charge to you is to not let this fervor for life dissipate on those grueling days that will inevitably come as we continue this roller coaster of life,” McIntosh advised. “We can treat, heal, and interact with people of all different backgrounds and socioeconomic status…and help them fight for a truly better tomorrow.”

Student speaker Aris Desai (CAMED’24), also a Texas native, invoked New England poet Robert Frost in speaking on behalf of medical science students.

“The road less traveled is often rugged, and less signposted perhaps, but it is ripe with the promise of personal growth and discovery,” Desai said. “Each lab experiment, each patient case study, and each research project was an opportunity to choose resilience over resignation, curiosity over complacency, persistence over surrender,” he said. “It is a testament to the idea that success is not just in the destination, but also in the journey.” 

Find more information about Commencement here

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New COVID-19 FLiRT variants are now the dominant variant. Could there be a summer surge?

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has detected a new set of COVID-19 variants nicknamed FLiRT in wastewater surveillance, according to data from the agency.

From April 28 through May 11, the variant, labeled KP.2 , makes up about 28% of the cases in the United States, according to the CDC. That makes it the new dominant variant in the country, overtaking JN.1. The  JN.1 variant , which spread globally over the winter, made up about 16% of COVID-19 cases in the U.S. in the same two-week span.

KP.1.1, another FLiRT variant that is circulating, made up about 7% of COVID-19 cases in that two-week span, according to CDC data.

"The CDC is tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants KP.2 and KP.1.1, sometimes referred to as 'FLiRT,' and working to better understand their potential impact on public health," the agency said in an emailed statement to USA TODAY last week.

"Currently, KP.2 is the dominant variant in the United States, but laboratory testing data indicate low levels of SARS-CoV-2 transmission overall at this time. That means that while KP.2 is proportionally the most predominant variant, it is not causing an increase in infections as transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is low," the CDC said in the statement.

According to the CDC, only  22.6% of adults reported having received an updated 2023-24 COVID-19 vaccine  since September 2023. Data also shows that vaccination coverage increased by age and was highest among adults 75 and older.

FLiRT variant: There's a new COVID-19 variant called FLiRT: Here's what you need to know about it

What are the 'FLiRT' variants?

FLiRT is the term being used to describe a whole family of different variants, including KP.2, JN.1.7 and any other variants starting with KP or JN that appear to have picked up the same set of mutations, according to Andy Pekosz, PhD, a professor in molecular microbiology and immunology at the Bloomberg School of Public Health at Johns Hopkins University, in an article posted by the university.

"They are all descendants of the JN.1 variant that has been dominant in the U.S. for the past several months," Pekosz said in the article. "Viruses like SARS-CoV-2 mutate frequently, and when they mutate to evade recognition by antibodies, this often weakens their ability to bind to the cells they want to infect. We then see mutations appear that improve that binding ability."

Will there be a summer surge in COVID cases due to 'FLiRT' variants?

Pekosz said a summer surge is certainly possible, and that the FLiRT variants would be high on his list of viruses that could cause another wave of infections in the U.S.

"That said, our definition of a wave has changed; while we still see case rates rise and fall throughout the year, we see much lower numbers of cases of hospitalizations or deaths than we saw in the first couple years of the pandemic," Pekosz said in the article.

Pekosz also noted that while the waves are becoming smaller, they are still impacting our susceptible populations: the elderly, people who are immunocompromised, and those with other secondary medical conditions.

Symptoms of COVID 'FLiRT' variant

According to the CDC, there are "no current indicators" that KP.2 would cause more severe illness than other strains. The agency said it would continue to monitor community transmission of the virus and how vaccines perform against this strain.

The "FLiRT" variant reportedly has similar symptoms to those from JN.1 which include:

• Fever or chills
• Sore throat
• Congestion or runny nose
• Muscle aches
• Difficulty breathing
• New loss of taste or smell
• "Brain fog" (feeling less wakeful and aware)
• Gastrointestinal symptoms (upset stomach, mild diarrhea, vomiting)

The CDC notes that the list does not include all possible symptoms and that symptoms may change with new variants and can vary by person.

In general, the agency says,  people with COVID-19 have a wide range of symptoms , ranging from mild to severe illness. Symptoms may appear two to 14 days after exposure.

Latest COVID guidance from the CDC

In March 2024, the  CDC updated its COVID-19 guidance  so people who test positive for the virus will no longer be directed to isolate at home for five days.

Health officials announced a new policy focusing on actions people can take to reduce spreading a variety of common respiratory viruses, such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and COVID-19. Those actions include staying home when sick, staying up to date with vaccines, practicing good hygiene and improving indoor air quality.

The change marked the first time the agency has revised its coronavirus guidelines since 2021. It is intended for people and employers, not for hospitals or nursing homes that have separate guidance, the CDC said.

CDC officials called the change a streamlined approach that’s easier for people to understand and more in line with circulating respiratory viruses that spread the same way and have similar symptoms. 

Contributing: Eduardo Cuevas, Adrianna Rodriguez, Ken Alltucker, Mary Walrath-Holdridge and Mike Snider

Gabe Hauari is a national trending news reporter at USA TODAY. You can follow him on X  @GabeHauari  or email him at [email protected].