research proposal zoology

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Thesis Proposal

Each Ph.D. student is required to submit to the department a research proposal that has been accepted by his/her supervisor and Supervisory Committee prior to scheduling the comprehensive exam. The comprehensive examination is separate and distinct from the evaluation of the thesis proposal.

Contents and Format

The candidate is expected to review the literature and develop the questions and methodologies to be used in the research carried out for the dissertation requirement of the PhD degree.

• The proposal should not exceed 25 double-spaced pages in length, using a 12 point font size.
• The proposal might spend 5-10 pages on background and 3-4 pages on each of 3-4 projects, discussing research questions and methods.

Different fields tend to follow slightly different formats for their proposals, and students are encouraged to discuss the most effective format with their supervisor.

General procedures

• The student should discuss the contents of the proposal with his/her supervisor.
• The supervisor should then approve a draft of the proposal before it is sent to the Supervisory Committee. This reading should be done in a timely fashion by the supervisor (within two weeks of receiving the draft). Committee members should be advised ahead of time that the proposal will be given to them on a particular date, so that time conflicts can be addressed.
• The Supervisory Committee should be given hard copies of the proposal and allowed a minimum of two weeks for reading and comments.
• The student and Supervisory Committee should meet to discuss the contents of the proposal and the proposed research. This meeting should be a discussion, not an e x a m i n a ti o n , b u t the c o m m it t ee m u st be a b le t o m a ke a d ecisi o n abo u t w h e t h er the p r o p o s ed thes i s is f easi b le f o r t h e stu d e n t t o d o . At the e n d o f t h i s m e e ti ng , the c o mm i t t e e s h o u ld m a ke a d ecisi o n ( in c a m e r a if req u es t ed b y any m e m b er) a b ou t whet h er to ap p r o v e the p r o p o sal. Until t h e p r o p o sal i s ac c ep t ed, t h e stu d e n t m a y n o t p r o ce e d w ith the C o m p re h ensive Ex a m . T h e C o m p re h ensive Ex a m ca n n o t be of f i c ia lly sche du led u n til the pro p o s al is a pp r o v ed, a l th o ug h a p r o je c t e d t i m e m a y be s e t to be left fr e e in e v e r yo n e's cal e nd ars
• To allow time for preparation for the Comprehensive Exam, the committee meeting to discuss the research proposal should be held no less than two weeks in advance of the Comprehensive Exam. Thus, the Supervisory committee should be given the proposal no less than four weeks prior to the expected date of the Comprehensive Exam. Many proposals require some re-writing before approval, so allowing even more time before the expected Comprehensive Exam date is recommended.

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1.4: Research Proposals

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Learning Objectives

• Perform biodiversity research through making and translating your observations of the natural world into research questions, hypotheses, and experimental design that are grounded in scientific literature.
• Communicate the research process to your peers in a clear, effective, and engaging manner.

Written Proposal

Writing about research is a primary method scientists use to communicate their work. Thus, this course will involve developing a written research proposal. We will use several drafts to refine the research proposal. The first draft can utilize the template available in Appendix 6. Subsequent drafts should become more refined and start to take the format of a scientific paper. The proposal should include an introductory section providing background on the topic of interest, drawing from several primary research articles. This section also develops the argument for why the research question is worth studying. The research question and hypothesis should also be included in the introduction.

The second section should include the proposed methodology. Describe how the hypothesis will be tested. It should outline the experiments and what will be needed to perform them. Ideas can be supported by referring to previously published research. The third section will address anticipated results. Consider the expected findings and the implications of those findings for the original research question and hypothesis. Consider what it would mean if the results turned out a different way. Finally, be sure to include both in-text citations and a full reference list at the end. The proposal should have good narrative flow and be proofread for proper spelling and grammar. See the rubric in the Appendix 3 for evaluation guidelines.

Oral Presentation

Scientists also frequently share their research findings via presentations, such as at meetings with other scientists. Developing an oral presentation of the research proposal provides an opportunity to practice communicating science to our peers. The presentation should be ~10 minutes and delivered via a slideshow. The presentation should include the same content as the written portion, but the distinction here the audience will be engaged in a different way. The best presentations tell a good story, so think about how to translate the proposal into a story – typically start with background information so the audience members have some understanding of the context. Then use the background information strategically to build up to the identified research gap and the corresponding research question. The question then leads naturally into the hypothesis or hypotheses to be tested. The final part of the presentation will be the experimental plan – how will the hypothesis be tested? Try to envision all possible outcomes from the experiment and how that will support or refute the hypothesis and inform on the interpretation of the results.

There will be opportunities for questions from peers at the end. It is important to try to ask questions at the end of presentations in order to practice giving this kind of feedback. This is a very common way in which scientists provide feedback to each other on their work. Attending departmental seminars or conferences will enable witnessing this first hand. See the rubric in the Appendix 3 for evaluation guidelines.

Proposal Workshop I

Proposing research ideas is a key element of working in the biodiversity science field. Thus this first workshop will be focused on sharing and expanding upon initial ideas for a research proposal. It will take a lab meeting format with a round table discussion where each student has the opportunity to share their research proposal ideas. Peers will then ask follow-up questions to help support idea development. Incidentally, this also serves as an opportunity to practice communicating science to peers. It takes practice to clearly articulate ideas. Following the workshop, begin exploring some literature related to the topic of interest and start putting ideas down on paper – they will not be polished yet, but it will help to develop the initial draft of the research proposal. See the Appendix 6 for a proposal first draft template.

Proposal Workshop II

This workshop will continue to develop the research question, hypothesis, and experimental design. We will discuss developing ideas in pairs with both the course instructor and classmates. We will work to develop ideas into excellent proposal material by digging into the following questions.

Research Question

• What is your research question?
• Is your question clearly stated and focused? If not, how might you tailor it?
• Why are you interested in this question? What makes you curious about it? What have you learned from previous studies that lead you to want to ask this question?

Hypotheses/predictions

• What are your hypotheses/predictions?
• Are they stated clearly? If not, what needs to be adjusted?
• Are they aligned with the question you are asking?
• Why are you interested in this hypothesis?

Experimental Plan

• What is your experimental plan?
• Does the design fit with your hypothesis?
• Are there things that still need to be considered? If so, what are they?

Proposal Workshop III

This workshop is an opportunity to polish. Use this time to solicit final feedback from peers, test out design ideas for the final presentation, or practice delivering the presentation in front of an audience.

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Zoology and conservation biology research guide.

• Smithsonian's National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute
• Smithsonian Resources

Animal Care

Conservation biology, animal care, health, and welfare.

Welcome to the Smithsonian Libraries and Archives' Zoology and Conservation Biology Research Guide.  This is a select list of mostly freely-available resources for students, teachers, and researchers to learn about how our Smithsonian veterinarians, curators, keepers, and technicians fulfill their important roles. Please feel free to Contact Us  with with suggestions for additional resources or with questions.

The Smithsonian's National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute

• National Zoological Park  (NZP): Website for the Smithsonian's National Zoological Park, located in Washington, D.C., and home to more than 2,400 animals across 376  different species .
• Smithsonian's Conservation Biology Institute  (SCBI): Website for SCBI, featuring information on animal conservation efforts being undertaken, such as the Migratory Bird Center and Virginia Working Landscapes . 
• National Zoological Park Library : Library located on the grounds of the Smithsonian's National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute. 

Smithsonian Resources

• Databases for Science Research : List of science research databases from the Smithsonian Libraries and Archives. Many offer free access, while others require users to be onsite at a Smithsonian branch library or have Smithsonian network access.
• Biodiversity Heritage Library : Online library featuring open access legacy literature from the Smithsonian Libraries and Archives and a consortium of natural history and botanical libraries.
• Encyclopedia of Life : Based on the idea of a "webpage for every species", this multilingual resource provides multimedia information about a large subsection of life on Earth.
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System : Taxonomic database searchable by scientific and common names. Maintained through a partnership of Canadian, Mexican, and U.S. federal agencies, including the Smithsonian.
• Animal Welfare (U.S. Department of Agriculture) : Homepage for the animal welfare programs provided by the USDA, including the Center for Animal Welfare and Animal Care Emergency Programs .
• Approved Animal Drug Products (Federal Drug Administration) : Public list, known as the "Green List", of all drug products approved by the FDA for safe and effective use in animals.
• Merck Veterinary Manual : Searchable collection of veterinary guides, manuals, and other resources for food-producing, companion, laboratory, and exotic animals.
• Red List of Endangered Species : Searchable database from the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Provides information and analysis on the status, trends, and threats to species.
• Global Invasive Species Database : Database of alien and invasive species, with information about lifecycle, habitat, impact, and management.
• Conservation research in the African rain forests : PDF of the Wildlife Conservation Society's technical handbook for creating, managing, maintaining, and disseminating African rain forest research, in areas such as sampling, specimen collection, and population studies.
• Traffic : Website featuring analysis and research of wildlife trade and related crimes from The Wildlife Trade Monitoring Network.
• Elephant Database : Features interactive maps of known ranges of African elephants based on data from African Elephant Status Reports , provided by the IUCN SSC African Elephant Specialist Group (AfESG) .
• Cranes: Their Biology, Husbandry, and Conservation : Free online book from the U.S. Geological Survey about cranes and their conservation. 

Organizations and Associations

• National Wildlife Health Center (United States Geological Survey) :  Housed within the Department of the Interior, the USGS is an excellent resource for  animal mortality data and event reporting .
• Shape of Enrichment : Quarterly publication for animal trainers.
• Wildlife Disease Association : International organization dedicated to the dissemination of information on wild animal diseases and health.
• AGRICOLA : Freely available citation database from the US Department of Agriculture of agricultural publications and resources, including animal sciences, environmental sciences, and veterinary sciences.
• Zoonotic Diseases :  Contains information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention about diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans (i.e., zoonoses).
• American Association of Zoo Veterinarians : Professional organization concerned with the welfare and conservation of zoo animals and wildlife species. Publishes the Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine (subscription required).
• American College of Zoological Medicine :  Specialty board in zoological veterinary medicine founded to increase research benefitting wildlife.
• American Veterinary Medical Association : Accredits thirty schools of veterinary medicine within the United States and publishes the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association and the American Journal of Veterinary Research.
• American Animal Hospital Association : Sole accrediting body for small animal hospitals in the United States and Canada. Hosts the Pet Microchip Lookup database.

Veterinary (Specialty)

• American College of Veterinary Pathology : concerned with disease diagnosis, drug development, and research, the ACVP also manages certifying exams in veterinary anatomic or clinical pathology. Training programs are offered around the country at partner universities, as are student chapters that provide mentoring and scholarship opportunities.
• Association of Zoo Veterinary Technicians : Started in 1981, the AZVT works to increase the visibility of veterinary technicians’ contributions to medicine and research, as well as advocate for improved professional standards.
• Association of Avian Veterinarians : To further their cause, the AAV contains resources for setting up an avian-friendly practice , as well as providing members with access to ongoing research studies and their publication, the Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery Subscription .
• Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians : Resource for professionals and owners alike. Publishes the Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery (now a part of BioOne Complete , a subscription-based, full-text biological/ecological/environmental database).
• National Association of Veterinary Technicians in America : Though not zoo/wildlife specific, the NAVTA still offers useful resources for veterinary technicians, including the NAVTA Journal (membership required).

Veterinary (International)

• British Veterinary Association : Non-profit dedicated to the education and careers of the United Kingdom’s veterinarians. Publishes Veterinary Record , In Practice , and Veterinary Record Case Reports (all require membership).
• British Veterinary Zoological Society : Special division of the BVA . Promotes the care and welfare of exotic pets, wildlife, and zoo animals.
• European Association of Zoo and Wildlife Veterinarians : Publishes the Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine , a highly-regarded journal, and the Transmissible Diseases Handbook .
• Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies : Representing its US state and federal agency members (as well as Canadian and non-profit entities), the AFWA petitions Congress and the executive branch to protect natural resources. Also provides research grants and leads conservation initiatives.
• Conservation International : Headquartered in Arlington, Virginia, CI has a large footprint around the globe, creating research, executing field projects, and partnering with member governments.
• Conservation Management Institute (Virginia Tech University) : Formerly a multi-state agency, CMI now provides comprehensive natural resource management services. CMI’s support helped create the Virginia Breeding Bird Atlas 2 .
• Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust : To achieve its goal of keeping species from going extinct, the DWCT created the Durrell Index as a way to show the impact of conservation tools and methods.
• Earth Institute Center for Environmental Sustainability (Columbia University) : Offers courses and degrees in conservation, environmental science, and sustainability.
• Institute for Conservation Research (San Diego Zoo) : The Frozen Zoo collects and preserves genetic material of endangered species, as well as helping to identify animals illegally killed by poachers or trophy hunters. Databases like the Chromosome Atlas and Sperm Atlas offer one-of-a-kind research collections.
• Monterey Bay Aquarium : Concerned with ecology, husbandry, and population ecology.
• The Nature Conservancy :  Offers tools for conservators, including  Planting Healthy Air  and Coastal Resilience .
• NatureServe :  Collects, analyzes, and disseminates actionable biodiversity data. The Explorer database houses information on 70,000 animals, plants, and ecosystems, while NatureServe’s conservation tools cover a wide range of needs.
• Prairie Wildlife Research : promotes the conservation and reintroduction of prairie species within the US, partnering with federal and state agencies, universities, non-governmental organizations, and private landowners to further its mission.

International

• Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (Australia) : Independent federal agency whose chief responsibility is scientific research. Data Access Portal includes Workspace, a software platform for scientific workflow.
• CONABIO (Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y uso de la Biodiversidad) : Inter-ministerial commission designed to promote awareness of biodiversity in Mexico. Repository for creation and collation of ecological data, as well as administration of federal initiatives in conservation.
• Office International des Epizooties (World Organisation for Animal Health) : Made up of 182 member states, the OiE’s main goal is the control and prevention of zoonotic disease. OiE developed the World Animal Health Information System ( WAHIS ) to process and disseminate data on animal diseases as quickly as possible.
• World Wildlife Fund for Nature : Science initiatives undertaken by the WWF, whose purpose is conservation of animals, ecology, and the environment.

Animal Specific

• Vertebrate Zoology Research Guide - Reptiles and Amphibians : C ollection of links from the Vertebrate Zoology section of the Smithsonian Institution’s Natural and Physical Sciences Library .
• Vertebrate Zoology Research Guide - Birds : C ollection of links from the Vertebrate Zoology section of the Smithsonian Institution’s Natural and Physical Sciences Library.
• Vertebrate Zoology Research Guide - Fishes : C ollection of links from the Vertebrate Zoology section of the Smithsonian Institution’s Natural and Physical Sciences Library.
• Vertebrate Zoology Research Guide - Mammals and Marine Mammals : C ollection of links from the Vertebrate Zoology section of the Smithsonian Institution’s Natural and Physical Sciences Library.

Zoo Associations and Consortia

• Association of Zoos and Aquariums – in addition to representing over 230 zoos and aquaria around the world, the AZA provides significant resources for education, conservation, and animal care and welfare. A key role of the AZA is institution accreditation , as well as providing data on species survival statistics .
• American Association of Zoo Keepers – networking and informational resource for professional zoo keepers. Publishes Animal Keepers’ Forum , found as full-text, searchable scans in Biodiversity Heritage Library .
• Association of Zoological Horticulture – professional, member organization that promotes the importance of horticulture in zoos, aquaria, and botanical gardens.
• European Association of Zoos and Aquaria – comprised of 340 member institutions across Europe and the Middle East. Operates the European Endangered Species Programme .

Advocacy Groups

• American Society of International Law - Wildlife Interest Group :  primarily concerned with ecotourism and its impact on natural habitats and their denizens.
• Friends of the National Zoo (FONZ) – Nonprofit partner of Smithsonian’s National Zoological Park & Conservation Biology Institute.
• International Society for Anthrozoology – supports the scientific study of human-animal interactions (HAI).
• Zoological Society of London – for nearly two centuries, the ZSL has worked to conserve wildlife and their habitats. Reports on its activities can be found here .

Zoological Research shines in the East

With the long-term support of every friend and contributor, Zoological Research ( ZR ) has continued to move forward over the past year, with impressive achievements. Notably, ZR attained an impact factor of 4.56 (JCR Q1) and CiteScore of 4.6 in mid-2021, thus ranking in the top five of the 175 SCI journals within the Zoology category. In November 2021, our Citescore reached 5.6, and we expect a higher impact factor in 2022 than in 2021. Although we are not driven by chasing these scores, the increase in these metrics does reflect an elevation in the quality of submissions and publications, as well as the march towards our original aspiration when launching this journal ( Yao et al., 2019 ). The current areas of focus of ZR (i.e., primate and animal models; animal diversity and evolution; conservation & utilization of animal resources) are not only tightly connected to our host – the Kunming Institute of Zoology, which has grown and evolved into “ a comprehensive research institution renowned for its remarkable achievements in evolutionary mechanisms of animal biodiversity, animal resources protection, and sustainable utilization ” ( Yao & Shen, 2019 ) – but also represent the very frontiers of zoology.

Globally, 2020 and 2021 were tough years due to the continuing COVID-19 pandemic. However, with dedicated and focused research from submitting authors, ZR published a variety of important and timely studies over the past two years on a broad range of topics. Several studies on COVID-19, e.g., Yu et al. ( 2020 ) and Gómez-Carballa et al. ( 2020 ), received wide attention in the field and were scored as Hot Papers according to the Web of Science in June 2021. Similarly, another five ZR papers ( Li et al., 2020 ; Tang et al., 2020 ; Wang et al., 2017 ; Xu et al., 2020 ; Yu et al., 2020 ) were featured as Highly Cited Papers by the Web of Science during the same season. ZR also published other high-profile papers in 2021. For instance, Li et al. ( 2021 ) performed a phylogenetic and morphological investigation of an overlooked flying squirrel species (Pteromyini, Rodentia) from the eastern Himalayas and described a new genus; Boubli et al. ( 2021 ) resolved a taxonomic conundrum of pygmy marmosets using ancient DNA of the type specimen; and Ye et al. ( 2021 ) provided an updated annotation of the Chinese tree shrew genome based on large-scale RNA sequencing and long-read isoform sequencing, which will surely become an essential reference for basic and biomedical studies using tree shrews. To list all the important studies published in ZR in 2021 is obviously beyond the scope of this editorial. However, we are proud of our growing reputation among the authors of these papers and their remarkable advances in important research, with many citations in well-regarded journals, such as Nature , Nature Communications , National Science Review , Advanced Science , PNAS , Biological Psychiatry , Molecular Psychiatry , Medicinal Research Reviews , Nature Cell Biology , Cell Research , Molecular Cell, and Nucleic Acids Research .

Excitingly, in 2021, Prof. Le Kang and Prof. Nina Jablonski were elected as international and national members, respectively, of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States. We remain greatly honored to have them as editorial board members of ZR and extend our warmest congratulations to both these outstanding scientists. In addition, to further foster the impact of ZR and strengthen our publishing team, ZR has recruited young and capable researchers to expand our dynamic editorial board. From the beginning of 2022, with continuous support from senior editorial board members, we are honored to welcome a new group of talented and academically diverse members to ZR . While new editors have a more flexible one-year term than senior editorial board members (four-year term), their term can be renewed based on their willingness, devotion, and performance. We believe this new strategy will help younger scientists establish their own academic careers and will help enhance the vitality and creativity of ZR .

When we look back at the evolution of ZR over the past four decades ( Yao & Jiang, 2021 ), we have certainly encountered many challenges, including the initial dip in readership during the conversion from a Chinese to English-only language publication seven years ago, as well as solo publishing without help from renowned platforms such as Springer-Nature, Wiley Press, and Cell Press. Despite these difficulties, ZR has not stopped its march ahead and remains a shining beacon in the East. ZR has always garnered strong support from our many readers and authors. To better serve our contributors, as well as society in general, our growing capacity is not only reflected by the increase in publication quantity, but more importantly, by the academic quality of each paper. ZR always welcomes hot topics within the scope of the journal. If you wish to publish extraordinary research or serve as a guest editor for a special column/issue, please be free to contact us or the Editorial Office.

Finally, but most importantly, we would like to express our deepest appreciation to every ZR supporter. Your interest in ZR is the fuel with which we continue to move forward. We are always proud to publish your research, and we believe that ZR will continue to shine in the East with your enduring faith and support.

Yong-Gang Yao, Editor-in-Chief

Kunming Institute of Zoology , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China

Yun Zhang, Executive Editor-in-Chief

Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China

Thesis proposal example 2

Senior Honors Thesis Research Proposal

Albert B. Ulrich III Thesis Advisor: Dr. Wayne Leibel 11 September 1998

Introduction:

Neotropical fish of the family Cichlidae are a widespread and diverse group of freshwater fish which, through adaptive radiation, have exploited various niches in freshwater ecosystems. One such evolutionary adaptation employed by numerous taxa is miniaturization, an evolutionary process in which a large ancestral form becomes reduced in size to exploit alternative niches. A considerable amount of research has been conducted on the effects of miniaturization on amphibians (Hanken 1983), but although miniaturization has been found to occur in 85 species of freshwater South American fish, little has been done to investigate the effects which miniaturization imposes on the anatomy of the fish (Hanken and Wake 1993).

Background:

Evolution is the process by which species adapt to environmental stresses over time. Nature imposes various selective pressures on ecosystems causing adaptive radiation, where species expand and fill new niches. One such adaptation for a new niche is miniaturization. Miniaturization can be defined as “the evolution of extremely small adult body size within a lineage” (Hanken and Wake 1993). Miniaturization is observed in a variety of taxa, and evolutionary size decreases are observed in mammals and higher vertebrates, but it is more common and more pronounced in reptiles, amphibians and fish (Hanken and Wake 1993). Miniaturization evolved as a specialization which allowed the organisms to avoid selective pressures and occupy a new niche. Miniaturization as a concept is dependent on the phylogenetic assumption that the organism evolved from a larger predecessor. Over time, the miniature organism had to adapt to the new conditions as a tiny species. All of the same basic needs had to be met, but with a smaller body.

In miniature species there is a critical relationship between structure of the body and body size, and frequently this downsizing results in structural and functional changes within the animal (Harrison 1996). Within the concept of miniaturization is the assumption that the species evolved from a larger progenitor. It is necessary then to explore the effects of the miniaturization process. “Miniaturization involves not only small body size per se, but also the consequent and often dramatic effects of extreme size reduction on anatomy, physiology, ecology, life history, and behavior” (Hanken and Wake 1993).

Hanken and Wake 1993 found that the adult skulls of the salamander Thorius were lacking several bones, others were highly underdeveloped, and many species within the genus were toothless. Several invertebrate species display the wholesale loss of major organs systems as a result of the drastic reduction in body size (Hanken and Wake 1993). Hanken and Wake also have shown that morphological novelty is a common result of miniaturization. Morphological novelty, in essence, is the development of new structures in the miniature organism. For example, as body size decreases, certain vital organs will only be able to be reduced by a certain amount and still function. As a result organs such as the inner ear remain large relative to the size of the miniature skull, and structural innovations have to occur in order to support the proportionately large inner ear.

In 1983, James Hanken, at the University of Colorado determined that the adult skull of the Plethodontid salamanders could be characterized by three observations: 1) there was a limited development or even an absence of several ossified elements such as dentition and other bones; 2) there was interspecific and intraspecific variability; 3) there were novel mophological configurations of the braincase and jaw (Hanken 1983).

In his experiments, Hanken found that cranial miniaturization of the Thorius skull was achieved at the expense of ossification. Much of the ossified skeleton was lost or reduced, especially in the anterior elements, which are seen typically in larger adult salamanders (Hanken 1983). In contrast to this ossified downsizing, many of the sensory organs were not diminished in size — therefore present in greater proportion to the rest of the reduced head. He also reported that due to the geometrical space availability, there is a competition for space in reduced sized skulls, and the “predominant brain, otic capsules, and eyes have imposed structural rearrangements on much of the skull that remains” (Hanken 1983).

Hanken proposed that paedomorphosis was the mode of evolution of the plethodontid salamanders (Hanken 1983). Paedomorphosis is the state where the miniaturized structures of the adult salamanders can be described as arrested juvenile states. To support this theory, Hanken showed data where cranial skeletal reduction was less extreme in the posterior regions of the skull. One of the hallmarks of paedamorphosis is the lack of conservation in structures derived late in development. Early developed structures are highly conserved, and the latter derivations become either lost, or greatly reduced. Again, Hanken has shown that elements appearing late in development exhibit greater variation among species than do elements appearing earlier in ontogeny (Hanken 1983). But the presence of novel morphological features cannot be accounted for merely by truncated development and the retention of juvenile traits. Miniature Plethodontid salamanders display features that are not present in other species, juvenile or adult. These novel morphological features are associated with the evolution of decreased size and are postulated to compensate for the reductions occurring in other areas (Hanken 1983).

In 1985, Trueb and Alberch published a paper presenting similar results in their experiments with frogs. They explored the “relationships between body sizes of anurans and their cranial configurations with respect to the degree of ossification of the skull and two ontogenetic variables‹shape and number of differentiation events” (Trueb and Alberch 1985). Trueb and Alberch examined three morphological variables: size, sequence of differentiation events, and shape changes in individual structures. Size and snout length were measured, and the data showed that the more heavily ossified frogs tended to be smaller, whereas the less-ossified species were of average size, contrary to what was hypothesized. But Trueb and Alberch also attributed the diminution in size to paedomorphosis, citing that the smaller frogs lacked one or more of the elements typically associated with anuran skulls‹these missing elements were typically late in the developmental sequence. It is significant to note, however, that although there was an apparent paedomorphic trend, it could not be “applied unequivocally to all anuans” (Trueb and Alberch 1985). Very little research has been done on the effects of miniaturization on fish. In 1993, Buckup published a paper discussing the phylogeny of newly found minature species of Characidiin fish, but the extent of the examination was merely an acknowledgment that the species were indeed miniatures so that they could be taxonomically reclassified ( Buckup 1993). It is this deficit of knowledge with regard to miniaturization in fish that prompts this research.

Statement of the Problem:

How does miniaturization affect other vertebrates, such as fish? There are over 85 species of freshwater South American fish which are regarded as miniature, spanning 5 orders, 11 families and 40 genera (Hanken and Wake 1993). One such species, Apistogramma cacatuoides, is a South American Cichlid native to Peru. It lives in shallow water bodies in the rainforests, where miniature size is necessary. Males in this species reach approximately 8cm, and females only 5cm. This makes A. cacatuoides an ideal specimen for examination. In this senior honors thesis, I intend to examine the effects of miniaturization on cranial morphology of A. cacatuoides.

Plan of Research:

In this thesis, I will compare the cranial anatomy of A. cacatuoides to that of “Cichlasoma” (Archocentrus) nigrofasciatum, a commonly bred fish reared by aquarists known as the Convict Cichlid, a “typical” medium-sized cichlid also of South American origin. The Convicts will be examined at various stages in development, from juvenile to adult, and will be compared to A.cacatuoides.

The first part of this project will involve whole mount preparation of A. cacatuoides, utilizing the staining and clearing procedures described by Taylor and Van Dyke, 1985. This procedure involves the use of Alizarin Red and Alcian Blue to stain bone and cartilage, and takes into account the adaptations and recommendations Proposed in an earlier paper (Hanken and Wassersug 1981). The Taylor and Van Dyke procedure is specifically for the staining and clearing of small fish and other vertebrates. I tested the procedure during last semester¹s Independent Study and made a few minor adjustments to the protocol.

First, the specimens will be placed serially into an absolute ethyl alcohol solution and stained with Alcian Blue. The fish will then be neutralized in a saturated borax solution, transferred to a 20% hydrogen peroxide solution in potassium hydroxide, and then bleached under a fluorescent light. The unwanted soft tissues will then be cleared using trypsin powder, and then stained in KOH again with alizarin red. The final preparation of the fish involves rinsing the fish, and placing them serially into 40%, 70%, and finally 100% glycerin.

Following the above preparation of the specimens, the crania of the A. cacatuoides specimens will be examined for morphological variation and compared to the cranial anatomy of the Convict cichlid as a progenitor reference point examined at various developmental stages to see if paedomorphosis in indeed the mechanism of miniaturization in A. cacatuoides.

Expected Costs:

The project is estimated to cost no more that five hundred dollars for chemicals and supplies for the entire year.

Literature Cited:

Hanken, J., 1983. Miniaturization and its Effects on Cranial Morphology in Plethodontid Salamanders, Genus Thorius (Amphibia: Plethodontidae). I. Osteological Variation”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society (London) 23: 55-75.

Hanken, James, 1983. Miniaturization and its Effects on Cranial Morhology in Plethodontid Salamanders, Genus Thorius (Amphibia, Plethodintidae): II.The Fate of the Brain and Sense Organs and Their Role in Skull Morphogenesis and Evolution . Journal of Morphology 177: 255-268.

Hanken, James and David Wake, 1993. Miniaturization of Body Size: Origanismal Consequences and Evolutionary Significance. Annual Review of Ecological Systems 24: 501-19.

Harrison, I. J., 1996. Interface Areas in Small Fish. Zoological Symposium No. 69. The Zoological Society of London: London.

Miller, P. J., 1996. Miniature Vertebrates: The Implications of Small Body Size. Symposium of the Zoological Society of London. No. 69: 15-45.

Taylor, William R. and George Van Dyke, 1985. Revised Procedures for Staining and Clearing Small Fishes and Other Vertebrates for Small Bone and Cartilage Study. Cybium. 9(2): 107-119.

Trueb, L. and P. Alberch, 1985. Miniaturization and the Anuran Skull: a Case Study of Heterochrony. Fortschritte der Zoologie. Bund 30.

Williams, T. Walley, 1941 Bone and Cartilage. Stain. Tech. 16:23-25.

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Online Dissertation Resources

Dissertations, useful links to online dissertations and theses, university of roehampton theses & masters dissertations, using a thesis held in the roehampton repository in your own work, academic writing style guides.

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We have a range of online resources to help plan, write and finish your dissertation. Although this is aimed primarily at 3rd Year Undergraduates and Postgraduate Taught students, it contains information that can be useful to Postgraduate Research Students.

• Sage Research Methods (Library Database) Provides a range of useful tools including a Project Planner, which breaks down each stage of your research from defining your topic, reviewing the literature to summarising and writing up.
• Literature Reviews Checklist - Handout
• Components of a Dissertation (document) A useful guide to the central components of a dissertation. By the end you should be able to: --Understand the core elements that should be in your dissertation --Understand the structure and progression of a strong dissertation
• Dissertation Workshop - Handouts Includes a planning template and outline
• Dissertation Workshop Slides
• Writing Your Dissertation Guide - Handout

Other Resources

• Reading Strategies (PDF document) An interactive document on reading at university.
• How To Write A Literature Review Video - Queen's University Belfast 10 minute video
• Start to Finish Dissertations Online Webinar from Manchester
• A to Z of Literature Reviews - University of Manchester 20 minute tutorial
• Appendices A short example of how to use and cite appendices in your dissertations, essays or projects

Check out these recordings to help you through your Dissertation writing process, from start to finish. 

• Starting Your Dissertation (Video) 46 minutes This webinar recording will help you with the early stages of planning, researching and writing your dissertation. By the end you should be able to: --Understand the challenges and opportunities of writing a dissertation --Move towards refining your subject and title --Know what steps to take to progress with your dissertation
• Writing Your Dissertation (Video) 52 minutes This webinar recording will help guide you through the middle stages of writing your dissertation. By the end you should be able to: --Identify the key parts of a high quality dissertation --Understand how to structure your dissertation effectively --Know how to increase the fluency and strength of your argument across an extended piece of writing 
• Finishing Your Dissertation (Video) 59 minutes This webinar recording aims to guide you through the final stages of writing your dissertation. By the end you should be able to: --Identify key features that should be included in your dissertation --Know how to ensure your dissertation has a strong and cohesive structure --Proofread your work.
• Using Word to Format Long Documents (Video) 1 hour and 22 minutes A video tutorial on how to format long documents such as Essays and Dissertations using Word. By the end you should be able to: --Create a Table of Contents --Know how to insert page numbers --Be familiar with how to use the various auto-formatting and styles functions to manage longer documents

A selection of external sources that would be of particular use to 3rd Year Undergraduate students and Postgraduate students. 

Please note that the Library does not hold Undergraduate or Masters Dissertations. For information on print and online doctoral theses please see below information on University of Roehampton Thesis Collection

National thesis service provided by the British Library which aims to maximise the visibility and availability of the UK's doctoral theses. NOTE: EthOS is currently unavailable due to ongoing issues following a serious cyber security incident at the BL (January 2024). 

EBSCO Open Dissertations is an online thesis and dissertation database with access to over 800,000 electronic theses and dissertations worldwide.

• DART-Europe E-theses Portal Free access to nearly 800,000 open access research theses from 615 universities in 28 European countries.
• Open Access Theses and Dissertations OATD.org aims to be the best possible resource for finding open access graduate theses and dissertations published around the world. Metadata (information about the theses) comes from over 1100 colleges, universities, and research institutions. OATD currently indexes 5,153,410 theses and dissertations.

The university holds a selection of theses and master dissertations awarded by the University of Roehampton.

2013 onwards, Digital Theses

Roehampton Research Explorer - Student Theses

Theses subject to an embargo are not accessible digitally or in hard copy until the embargo period elapses. Embargoes may be applied to protect the rights of the author whilst they explore opportunities for publication, or where sensitive information is held within the thesis.

Please note  that there is a short delay in recently submitted theses appearing on our repository. If you cannot find the thesis you are looking for, please  contact the Research Office .

2004-2013, Print Theses & Masters Dissertations

The University holds a print Theses Collection (including some Masters dissertations) on the 2 nd Floor of the Library. The holdings are not complete as the criteria for inclusion was set by academic departments, and threshold varied between department. Not all student work would be made available to view. The selected works were intended to provide examples of work for students. Some examples were kept in-house, used for teaching purposes, and not available within the library.  Library print holdings were usually kept for up to 10 years and reviewed for relevance.

To search for print theses and masters dissertations use UR Library Search to search for a title or topic and filter by Format > Book > Theses, Dissertation.

1985-2004, Roehampton Institute of Higher Education (RIHE)

Dissertations and theses published between 1985-2004 were awarded by the University of Surrey. The holdings are not complete as the criteria for inclusion was set by academic departments, and threshold varied between department. Not all student work would be made available to view. The selected works were intended to provide examples of work for students.

To search for digitised copies of RHIE theses go to the University of Surrey’s Open Research repository .

You may re-use material from a thesis in the same way you would any other source, i.e. by providing a full citation to the thesis in question, and by not re-using material in a way that may breach the rights of the author.

If you feel your own copyright has been affected by content held in the University of Roehampton repository, please refer to our take down policy and contact us immediately.

• Government Guidance on exceptions to copyright Details of the exceptions to copyright that allow limited use of copyright works without the permission of the copyright owner.
• Academic Style Guides Resource List See the style guides available in the Library for a variety of disciplines
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Forms and Guidelines

Listed below are forms and style guidelines for use by graduate students in the Zoology proram. Use of the forms should be cleared through the student's advisor and through the Director of Graduate Studies .

• Committee form
• Plan of Study form
• Proposal Cover Sheet form
• Style Guidelines for Theses and Dissertations
• Clearance Routing form
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Home > CALPS > SBS > ZOOL > ZOOL_DISS

Zoology Dissertations

Dissertations from 2023 2023.

DEMOGRAPHICS AND STATUS OF THE EASTERN WOODRAT IN SOUTHERN ILLINOIS , Tiffanie Atherton

PHYSIOLOGICAL, ECOLOGICAL, AND MICROBIAL FACTORS SHAPING THERMAL TOLERANCE AND PERFORMANCE IN ECTOTHERMIC VERTEBRATES , Jason Warren Dallas

Wetland habitat use, protein sources for reproduction, and nest habitat selection by sea ducks facing rapid change in the Alaskan Arctic , Micah Miller

Spatial patterns of resource use of a native fish assemblage in the Upper Mississippi River System , Shaley Ann Valentine

Dissertations from 2022 2022

Development of Genomic Resources for the Conservation of the Endangered Pallid Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) , Richard, Jr. Flamio

The influence of habitat characteristics on grassland community composition and avian productivity in southern Illinois , Alex Glass

THE ROLE OF GENE DUPLICATIONS IN THE INVASION OF FRESHWATER ENVIRONMENTS BY METAZOANS , Kevin Horn

INFLUENCE OF VEGETATION RICHNESS, DIVERSITY, COVER TYPE AND STRUCTURE ON GRASSLAND BIRD AND FAUNAL COMMUNITIES OF NATIVE AND RESTORED NORTHERN MIXED-PRAIRIES , Ashlee K. Minor

Dissertations from 2021 2021

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE HELIGMOSOMIDAE (NEMATODA: TRICHOSTRONGYLINA) IN NORTH AMERICA , Haitham Alnaqeb

HONEY BEE (APIS MELLIFERA) EXPOSURE TO NEONICOTINOID INSECTICIDES: ANALYTICAL METHOD VALIDATION, FIELD SURVEYS, AND SUBLETHAL EFFECTS ON THEIR BEHAVIOR AND RESPIRATION , Zuyi Chen Gooley

AN EVALUATION OF THE LOWER OHIO RIVER CHANNEL, BLUE, AND FLATHEAD CATFISH FISHERY , Devon C. Oliver

Dissertations from 2019 2019

CONSERVATION GENETICS OF PADDLEFISH: GENETIC EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZE AND RANGEWIDE GENETIC STRUCTURE , Allison Marie Asher

RECOVERY OF THE EASTERN WOODRAT IN SOUTHERN ILLINOIS: DISTRIBUTION, DEMOGRAPHICS, AND NONINVASIVE MONITORING , Aaron Clinton Gooley

BIOACCUMULATION, TROPHIC MAGNIFICATION, AND MATERNAL TRANSFER OF LEGACY AND ALTERNATIVE FLAME RETARDANTS IN SHARKS OF THE NORTHWESTERN ATLANTIC OCEAN , Hillary Rose Marler

Dissertations from 2018 2018

Assessments of Midwestern Stream Restoration and Management Practices , Jessica Fulgoni

APPLICATION OF THE TENAX TECHNIQUE TO ASSESS BIOACCESSIBILITY OF SEDIMENT-ASSOCIATED POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS , Federico Leonardo Sinche Chele

EFFECTS OF INVASIVE SPECIES INTRODUCTIONS ON NUTRIENT PATHWAYS IN AQUATIC FOOD WEBS , Elizabeth Tristano

EXPOSURE OF NORTH AMERICAN AQUATIC AND TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS TO LEGACY AND EMERGING FLAME RETARDANTS , YAN WU

EPIZOOTIOLOGY AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF CYTAUXZOON FELIS, AN APICOMPLEXAN PARASITE OF FELIDS , Elliott Andrew Zieman

Dissertations from 2017 2017

Mammalian carnivores as bioindicators to evaluate the exposure and bioaccumulation of organic contaminants in terrestrial ecosystems , Esmarie Boyles

RESOURCE SUBSIDIES ACROSS THE AQUATIC-TERRESTRIAL BOUNDARIES OF TEMPORARY PONDS , Kelley Ann Fritz

The Effects of Neuroendocrine Stress on Larval Development , Lucas James Kirschman

ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF TISZA RIVER MINE TAILINGS POLLUTION AND EFFECT OF CHRONIC CADMIUM EXPOSURE ON FISH PHYSIOLOGY , Jenny Sueanna Paul

ECOLOGY AND COEXISTENCE OF SCAPHIRHYNCHUS STURGEON AT MULTIPLE SCALES , Anthony Porreca

Dissertations from 2016 2016

BRIDGING AQUATIC AND TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS: ECOLOGY OF SEMI-AQUATIC MAMMALS IN SOUTHERN ILLINOIS , Angela Holland

The science behind Tenax extractable concentrations and their use in evaluating environmental risk , Samuel Anthony Nutile

ALTERNATIVE LIPIDS IN NUTRITION OF MARINE FINFISH , Artur Nishioka Rombenso

EFFECTS OF SCALE AND HABITAT MANAGEMENT ON GRASSLAND BIRD RESPONSE IN CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM FIELDS IN NORTHWEST ILLINOIS , Justin J. Shew

Dissertations from 2015 2015

EFFECTS OF FLOW REGIME ON FISHES AND FISHERIES: FROM LIFE HISTORIES TO ECOSYSTEM SERVICES , Micah Bennett

Dissertations from 2014 2014

FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF DUCKS DURING SPRING MIGRATION IN THE WABASH RIVER REGION, ILLINOIS , Adam Christopher Behney

FISH MEAL AS A POTENTIAL END USE OF INVASIVE ASIAN CARP FROM THE ILLINOIS RIVER , John Cory Bowzer

SEED DISPERSAL ROLE AND NUTRITIONAL STUDIES OF TWO SERRASALMID FRUGIVORE AMAZON FISH, BLACK PACU AND RED PACU , Fred William Chu Koo

COMMUNITY-BASED NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: GROUP CAPACITY, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND ASSESSING SUCCESS , Natalie Jones Mountjoy

FATE, TRANSPORT, AND MIXTURE TOXICITY OF TRANSGENIC BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS CORN (ZEA MAYS) AND ASSOCIATED INSECTICIDES , Sara Ann Mueting

FACTORS DETERMINING HABITAT SELECTION BY SPRING MIGRATING WATERFOWL ALONG THE WABASH RIVER, ILLINOIS , Ryan O'Shaughnessy

Host-Pathogen Ecology: Effects of Species Ecology and Environmental Factors on the Intensity and Distribution of Disease Among Illinois Amphibians , Brooke Lee Talley

Ecology of the marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris) in southern Illinois: wetland dynamics, metapopulations, and trophic position , Jorista van der Merwe

Dissertations from 2013 2013

KEY DEVELOPMENTAL EVENTS IN THE ORIBATID MITE, ARCHEGOZETES LONGISETOSUS, AND THE EVOLUTION OF CHELICERATE BODY PLANS. , Austen Alan Barnett

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL STRUCTURE OF A CARNIVORE GUILD IN THE CENTRAL HARDWOOD REGION , Damon B. Lesmeister

INFLUENCES OF DISEASE-DRIVEN AMPHIBIAN DECLINES ON ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN PANAMANIAN HEADWATER STREAMS , Amanda T. Rugenski

Dissertations from 2012 2012

Landscape genetics of northern bobwhite and swamp rabbits in Illinois , Leah Berkman

Predicting the bioavailability and toxicity of hydrophobic pesticides using bioassays and a solid phase microextraction approach , Yuping Ding

What is the best chemical approach to estimate the bioavailability of pyrethroid insecticides to benthic invertebrates? , Amanda D. Harwood

ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIETAL IMPACTS OF SUBURBAN WHITE-TAILED DEER: A CASE STUDY IN THE CHICAGO METROPOLITAN AREA , Rachael Elizabeth Urbanek

Dissertations from 2011 2011

SCAPHIRHYNCHUS STURGEON EARLY-LIFE HISTORY , Quinton Edward Phelps

THE WORLD ACCORDING TO GARS: THE MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS AND COMPARATIVE PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF LIVING GARS (ACTINOPTERYGII: LEPISOSTEIDAE) , Justin Todd Sipiorski

Systematic revision of the South American armored catfish genus Loricaria (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) , Matthew Randall Thomas

Dissertations from 2010 2010

ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF WHITE-TAILED DEER IN AN AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE: ANALYSES OF HUNTER EFFICIENCY, SURVEY METHODS, AND ECOLOGY , Charles Wayne Anderson

BREEDING PRODUCTIVITY, NEST DISTRIBUTION, AND POPULATION ECOLOGY OF WOOD DUCKS IN FLOODPLAIN AND UPLAND FORESTS OF SOUTHERN ILLINOIS , Robert Gray Anderson

Habitat Niche Modeling in the Texas Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum): Applications to Planned Translocation , Victor Bogosian III

Aggregation, dispersal and edge behavior of the bark beetle predator Thanasimus dubius (Coleoptera: Cleridae); potential use in biological control , Arnaud Costa

Individual-based modeling of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) movements and epizootiology , Lene Jung Kjaer

IMPROVING LARVAL SUNSHINE BASS PRODUCTION THROUGH SUPPLEMENTATION OF FEMALE WHITE BASS BROODSTOCK DIETS WITH LONG-CHAIN POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS , Heidi A. Lewis

Biotic and abiotic influences on aggressive interactions within larval Ambystoma assemblages , Cy Larue Mott

Response of avian, arthropod, and vegetation communities to mid-contract management in Conservation Reserve Program tall fescue monocultures , Douglas C. Osborne

Dissertations from 2009 2009

Eastern Redcedar Encroachment In Southern Great Plains Grasslands: Wildlife Consequences And Management Implications , Aaron Larrs Alford

Population genetics and phylogeography of bobcats (Lynx rufus) using microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA , Emily Katherine Croteau

Toxic effects of dietary methylmercury on immune system structure, function, and development in the American kestrel (Falco sparverius) , Dawn Fallacara

Distributional Modeling Of Rare Fishes And Mussels: From Ecological Theory To Biodiversity Conservation , Rob Hopkins

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Central California , Gretchen Elizabeth Padgett-Flohr

Determining The Occurrence, Fate, And Effects Of Pesticide Mixtures Using The Aquatic Amphipod Hyalella Azteca , Andrew John Trimble

Dissertations from 2008 2008

ENERGY FLOW AND MACROINVERTEBRATE PRODUCTION IN PANAMANIAN HIGHLAND STREAMS: ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF AMPHIBIAN DECLINES , Jose Checo Colon-Gaud

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17 Research Proposal Examples

A research proposal systematically and transparently outlines a proposed research project.

The purpose of a research proposal is to demonstrate a project’s viability and the researcher’s preparedness to conduct an academic study. It serves as a roadmap for the researcher.

The process holds value both externally (for accountability purposes and often as a requirement for a grant application) and intrinsic value (for helping the researcher to clarify the mechanics, purpose, and potential signficance of the study).

Key sections of a research proposal include: the title, abstract, introduction, literature review, research design and methods, timeline, budget, outcomes and implications, references, and appendix. Each is briefly explained below.

Watch my Guide: How to Write a Research Proposal

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Research Proposal Sample Structure

Title: The title should present a concise and descriptive statement that clearly conveys the core idea of the research projects. Make it as specific as possible. The reader should immediately be able to grasp the core idea of the intended research project. Often, the title is left too vague and does not help give an understanding of what exactly the study looks at.

Abstract: Abstracts are usually around 250-300 words and provide an overview of what is to follow – including the research problem , objectives, methods, expected outcomes, and significance of the study. Use it as a roadmap and ensure that, if the abstract is the only thing someone reads, they’ll get a good fly-by of what will be discussed in the peice.

Introduction: Introductions are all about contextualization. They often set the background information with a statement of the problem. At the end of the introduction, the reader should understand what the rationale for the study truly is. I like to see the research questions or hypotheses included in the introduction and I like to get a good understanding of what the significance of the research will be. It’s often easiest to write the introduction last

Literature Review: The literature review dives deep into the existing literature on the topic, demosntrating your thorough understanding of the existing literature including themes, strengths, weaknesses, and gaps in the literature. It serves both to demonstrate your knowledge of the field and, to demonstrate how the proposed study will fit alongside the literature on the topic. A good literature review concludes by clearly demonstrating how your research will contribute something new and innovative to the conversation in the literature.

Research Design and Methods: This section needs to clearly demonstrate how the data will be gathered and analyzed in a systematic and academically sound manner. Here, you need to demonstrate that the conclusions of your research will be both valid and reliable. Common points discussed in the research design and methods section include highlighting the research paradigm, methodologies, intended population or sample to be studied, data collection techniques, and data analysis procedures . Toward the end of this section, you are encouraged to also address ethical considerations and limitations of the research process , but also to explain why you chose your research design and how you are mitigating the identified risks and limitations.

Timeline: Provide an outline of the anticipated timeline for the study. Break it down into its various stages (including data collection, data analysis, and report writing). The goal of this section is firstly to establish a reasonable breakdown of steps for you to follow and secondly to demonstrate to the assessors that your project is practicable and feasible.

Budget: Estimate the costs associated with the research project and include evidence for your estimations. Typical costs include staffing costs, equipment, travel, and data collection tools. When applying for a scholarship, the budget should demonstrate that you are being responsible with your expensive and that your funding application is reasonable.

Expected Outcomes and Implications: A discussion of the anticipated findings or results of the research, as well as the potential contributions to the existing knowledge, theory, or practice in the field. This section should also address the potential impact of the research on relevant stakeholders and any broader implications for policy or practice.

References: A complete list of all the sources cited in the research proposal, formatted according to the required citation style. This demonstrates the researcher’s familiarity with the relevant literature and ensures proper attribution of ideas and information.

Appendices (if applicable): Any additional materials, such as questionnaires, interview guides, or consent forms, that provide further information or support for the research proposal. These materials should be included as appendices at the end of the document.

Research Proposal Examples

Research proposals often extend anywhere between 2,000 and 15,000 words in length. The following snippets are samples designed to briefly demonstrate what might be discussed in each section.

1. Education Studies Research Proposals

See some real sample pieces:

• Assessment of the perceptions of teachers towards a new grading system
• Does ICT use in secondary classrooms help or hinder student learning?
• Digital technologies in focus project
• Urban Middle School Teachers’ Experiences of the Implementation of
• Restorative Justice Practices
• Experiences of students of color in service learning

Consider this hypothetical education research proposal:

The Impact of Game-Based Learning on Student Engagement and Academic Performance in Middle School Mathematics

Abstract: The proposed study will explore multiplayer game-based learning techniques in middle school mathematics curricula and their effects on student engagement. The study aims to contribute to the current literature on game-based learning by examining the effects of multiplayer gaming in learning.

Introduction: Digital game-based learning has long been shunned within mathematics education for fears that it may distract students or lower the academic integrity of the classrooms. However, there is emerging evidence that digital games in math have emerging benefits not only for engagement but also academic skill development. Contributing to this discourse, this study seeks to explore the potential benefits of multiplayer digital game-based learning by examining its impact on middle school students’ engagement and academic performance in a mathematics class.

Literature Review: The literature review has identified gaps in the current knowledge, namely, while game-based learning has been extensively explored, the role of multiplayer games in supporting learning has not been studied.

Research Design and Methods: This study will employ a mixed-methods research design based upon action research in the classroom. A quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test control group design will first be used to compare the academic performance and engagement of middle school students exposed to game-based learning techniques with those in a control group receiving instruction without the aid of technology. Students will also be observed and interviewed in regard to the effect of communication and collaboration during gameplay on their learning.

Timeline: The study will take place across the second term of the school year with a pre-test taking place on the first day of the term and the post-test taking place on Wednesday in Week 10.

Budget: The key budgetary requirements will be the technologies required, including the subscription cost for the identified games and computers.

Expected Outcomes and Implications: It is expected that the findings will contribute to the current literature on game-based learning and inform educational practices, providing educators and policymakers with insights into how to better support student achievement in mathematics.

2. Psychology Research Proposals

See some real examples:

• A situational analysis of shared leadership in a self-managing team
• The effect of musical preference on running performance
• Relationship between self-esteem and disordered eating amongst adolescent females

Consider this hypothetical psychology research proposal:

The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Stress Reduction in College Students

Abstract: This research proposal examines the impact of mindfulness-based interventions on stress reduction among college students, using a pre-test/post-test experimental design with both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods .

Introduction: College students face heightened stress levels during exam weeks. This can affect both mental health and test performance. This study explores the potential benefits of mindfulness-based interventions such as meditation as a way to mediate stress levels in the weeks leading up to exam time.

Literature Review: Existing research on mindfulness-based meditation has shown the ability for mindfulness to increase metacognition, decrease anxiety levels, and decrease stress. Existing literature has looked at workplace, high school and general college-level applications. This study will contribute to the corpus of literature by exploring the effects of mindfulness directly in the context of exam weeks.

Research Design and Methods: Participants ( n= 234 ) will be randomly assigned to either an experimental group, receiving 5 days per week of 10-minute mindfulness-based interventions, or a control group, receiving no intervention. Data will be collected through self-report questionnaires, measuring stress levels, semi-structured interviews exploring participants’ experiences, and students’ test scores.

Timeline: The study will begin three weeks before the students’ exam week and conclude after each student’s final exam. Data collection will occur at the beginning (pre-test of self-reported stress levels) and end (post-test) of the three weeks.

Expected Outcomes and Implications: The study aims to provide evidence supporting the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions in reducing stress among college students in the lead up to exams, with potential implications for mental health support and stress management programs on college campuses.

3. Sociology Research Proposals

• Understanding emerging social movements: A case study of ‘Jersey in Transition’
• The interaction of health, education and employment in Western China
• Can we preserve lower-income affordable neighbourhoods in the face of rising costs?

Consider this hypothetical sociology research proposal:

The Impact of Social Media Usage on Interpersonal Relationships among Young Adults

Abstract: This research proposal investigates the effects of social media usage on interpersonal relationships among young adults, using a longitudinal mixed-methods approach with ongoing semi-structured interviews to collect qualitative data.

Introduction: Social media platforms have become a key medium for the development of interpersonal relationships, particularly for young adults. This study examines the potential positive and negative effects of social media usage on young adults’ relationships and development over time.

Literature Review: A preliminary review of relevant literature has demonstrated that social media usage is central to development of a personal identity and relationships with others with similar subcultural interests. However, it has also been accompanied by data on mental health deline and deteriorating off-screen relationships. The literature is to-date lacking important longitudinal data on these topics.

Research Design and Methods: Participants ( n = 454 ) will be young adults aged 18-24. Ongoing self-report surveys will assess participants’ social media usage, relationship satisfaction, and communication patterns. A subset of participants will be selected for longitudinal in-depth interviews starting at age 18 and continuing for 5 years.

Timeline: The study will be conducted over a period of five years, including recruitment, data collection, analysis, and report writing.

Expected Outcomes and Implications: This study aims to provide insights into the complex relationship between social media usage and interpersonal relationships among young adults, potentially informing social policies and mental health support related to social media use.

4. Nursing Research Proposals

• Does Orthopaedic Pre-assessment clinic prepare the patient for admission to hospital?
• Nurses’ perceptions and experiences of providing psychological care to burns patients
• Registered psychiatric nurse’s practice with mentally ill parents and their children

Consider this hypothetical nursing research proposal:

The Influence of Nurse-Patient Communication on Patient Satisfaction and Health Outcomes following Emergency Cesarians

Abstract: This research will examines the impact of effective nurse-patient communication on patient satisfaction and health outcomes for women following c-sections, utilizing a mixed-methods approach with patient surveys and semi-structured interviews.

Introduction: It has long been known that effective communication between nurses and patients is crucial for quality care. However, additional complications arise following emergency c-sections due to the interaction between new mother’s changing roles and recovery from surgery.

Literature Review: A review of the literature demonstrates the importance of nurse-patient communication, its impact on patient satisfaction, and potential links to health outcomes. However, communication between nurses and new mothers is less examined, and the specific experiences of those who have given birth via emergency c-section are to date unexamined.

Research Design and Methods: Participants will be patients in a hospital setting who have recently had an emergency c-section. A self-report survey will assess their satisfaction with nurse-patient communication and perceived health outcomes. A subset of participants will be selected for in-depth interviews to explore their experiences and perceptions of the communication with their nurses.

Timeline: The study will be conducted over a period of six months, including rolling recruitment, data collection, analysis, and report writing within the hospital.

Expected Outcomes and Implications: This study aims to provide evidence for the significance of nurse-patient communication in supporting new mothers who have had an emergency c-section. Recommendations will be presented for supporting nurses and midwives in improving outcomes for new mothers who had complications during birth.

5. Social Work Research Proposals

• Experiences of negotiating employment and caring responsibilities of fathers post-divorce
• Exploring kinship care in the north region of British Columbia

Consider this hypothetical social work research proposal:

The Role of a Family-Centered Intervention in Preventing Homelessness Among At-Risk Youthin a working-class town in Northern England

Abstract: This research proposal investigates the effectiveness of a family-centered intervention provided by a local council area in preventing homelessness among at-risk youth. This case study will use a mixed-methods approach with program evaluation data and semi-structured interviews to collect quantitative and qualitative data .

Introduction: Homelessness among youth remains a significant social issue. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of family-centered interventions in addressing this problem and identify factors that contribute to successful prevention strategies.

Literature Review: A review of the literature has demonstrated several key factors contributing to youth homelessness including lack of parental support, lack of social support, and low levels of family involvement. It also demonstrates the important role of family-centered interventions in addressing this issue. Drawing on current evidence, this study explores the effectiveness of one such intervention in preventing homelessness among at-risk youth in a working-class town in Northern England.

Research Design and Methods: The study will evaluate a new family-centered intervention program targeting at-risk youth and their families. Quantitative data on program outcomes, including housing stability and family functioning, will be collected through program records and evaluation reports. Semi-structured interviews with program staff, participants, and relevant stakeholders will provide qualitative insights into the factors contributing to program success or failure.

Timeline: The study will be conducted over a period of six months, including recruitment, data collection, analysis, and report writing.

Budget: Expenses include access to program evaluation data, interview materials, data analysis software, and any related travel costs for in-person interviews.

Expected Outcomes and Implications: This study aims to provide evidence for the effectiveness of family-centered interventions in preventing youth homelessness, potentially informing the expansion of or necessary changes to social work practices in Northern England.

Research Proposal Template

Get your Detailed Template for Writing your Research Proposal Here (With AI Prompts!)

This is a template for a 2500-word research proposal. You may find it difficult to squeeze everything into this wordcount, but it’s a common wordcount for Honors and MA-level dissertations.

Your research proposal is where you really get going with your study. I’d strongly recommend working closely with your teacher in developing a research proposal that’s consistent with the requirements and culture of your institution, as in my experience it varies considerably. The above template is from my own courses that walk students through research proposals in a British School of Education.

Chris Drew (PhD)

Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. [Image Descriptor: Photo of Chris]

• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ 15 Animism Examples
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• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ What is Educational Psychology?

8 thoughts on “17 Research Proposal Examples”

Very excellent research proposals

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Dear Sir, I need some help to write an educational research proposal. Thank you.

Hi Levi, use the site search bar to ask a question and I’ll likely have a guide already written for your specific question. Thanks for reading!

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100+ Best Zoology Research Project Topics And Materials In 2024

Have you ever wondered about the world of animals and the mysteries they hold? Zoology, the study of animals, opens doors to discovering incredible things about creatures, big and small. But where do you start when you want to explore this exciting world through research projects?

Zoology Research Project Topics and Materials are like a map guiding curious minds through this fascinating field. You can ask questions about animals, their behaviors, bodies, homes, and even their families! For example: studying how animals talk to each other or how they survive in different places. It’s like becoming a detective, uncovering secrets about the animal kingdom.

You might study how animals live in oceans, forests, or deserts. Or explore why some animals are becoming rare and how we can protect them. There’s so much to discover – from how animals are born to how they grow, eat, and even play!

You’ll need materials like books, articles, and cool facts about animals to start your project. These materials are like your tools to learn and understand more about the incredible animals that share our planet.

You May Also Like to Know: Quantitative Research Topics For STEM Students

Table of Contents

What Is Zoology Research Project Topics And Materials?

Zoology Research Project Topics and Materials form the building blocks for investigating the captivating world of animals. Zoology, a branch of science, focuses on studying animals, big and small, and understanding their lives, behaviors, habitats, and how they interact with the environment.

These Research Projects are like doors to exploration, offering curious minds various avenues to explore. They enable researchers to uncover the secrets of animal life, from their incredible behaviors to their unique adaptations. These projects provide discernment into the diverse ecosystems animals occupy and aid in understanding how they contribute to our planet’s balance.

Additionally, zoology is crucial because it helps us learn the intricate web of life on Earth. Through this, we can learn beneficial lessons about biodiversity and human health. Zoology research provides us with knowledge to protect endangered species, conserve habitats, and admire the wonders of the natural world.

How Do I Choose A Research Topic In Zoology?

Here are the following steps to choose the best zoology project topics and materials for students. 

Step 1:- Identify Your Interests

Start by exploring the areas of Zoology that fascinate you the most. Do you find animal behavior intriguing? Or are you passionate about conservation, genetics, physiology, or ecology? Identifying your interests will guide you toward specific themes within Zoology.

Step 2:- Review Existing Literature

Research and read articles, books, and scientific papers related to Zoology. This step helps you understand current trends, gaps in knowledge, and potential areas where new research is needed. Look for areas that have room for exploration or where new discoveries can be made.

Step 3: Consult with Advisors or Mentors

Seek advice from professors, advisors, or experienced researchers in Zoology. They can offer guidance, suggest potential research areas, and help narrow down topics based on your interests and the availability of resources.

Step 4:- Consider Feasibility and Resources

Evaluate the feasibility of your chosen Zoology Research Project Topics and Materials. Consider the availability of resources, such as access to labs, equipment, or specific animal populations for study. Ensure that the chosen topic aligns with your available resources and timeline for conducting research.

Step 5:- Narrow Down and Define Your Topic

Once you’ve explored various areas and considered feasibility, narrow down your options. Define your research topic clearly by focusing on a specific aspect of Zoology. A well-defined topic ensures a more manageable and focused research project.

List of 100+ Best Zoology Research Project Topics And Materials In 2024

These are the following list of 100+ specific and best research project topics and materials in zoology:

Ecology and Conservation

• Impact of Climate Change on Migratory Patterns of Birds
• Biodiversity Assessment in Tropical Rainforests
• Effects of Pollution on Aquatic Ecosystems
• Conservation Strategies for Endangered Marine Species
• Urbanization and Its Impact on Wildlife Habitats
• Ecological Role of Keystone Species in Ecosystem Stability
• Human-Wildlife Conflict: Mitigation and Management
• Restoration Ecology in Degraded Habitats
• Conservation Genetics of Threatened Amphibian Species
• Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Wildlife Populations

Animal Behavior Zoology Research Project Topics and Materials

• Social Dynamics in Primate Groups: Communication and Hierarchy
• Foraging Behavior in Predatory Mammals
• Vocal Communication Patterns in Cetaceans
• Parental Care Strategies in Birds
• Territoriality and Aggression in Animal Societies
• Mate Selection and Courtship Behavior in Insects
• Migration Patterns and Navigation in Birds
• Tool Use in Non-Human Primates
• Behavioral Adaptations of Desert Species
• Sleep Patterns and Rest Behavior Across Animal Species

Physiology and Anatomy

• Comparative Morphology of Vertebrate Digestive Systems
• Physiological Adaptations of Arctic Animals to Extreme Cold
• Cardiovascular Systems in Different Mammalian Species
• Neuroanatomy and Brain Evolution in Primates
• Respiration Mechanisms in Aquatic Organisms
• Endocrine Regulation in Invertebrates
• Skeletal Adaptations for Flight in Birds
• Sensory Perception in Nocturnal Animals
• Reproductive Strategies in Reptiles and Amphibians
• Comparative Anatomy of Fish Gills

Best Zoology Research Project Topics and Materials For Genetics and Evolution

• Genetic Diversity in Isolated Island Populations
• Evolutionary Adaptations in Camouflage Techniques
• Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Relationships
• Evolution of Flight in Birds
• Speciation Patterns in Diverse Taxa
• Comparative Genomics of Mammalian Species
• Evolutionary History of Human-Animal Relationships
• Population Genetics of Endangered Species
• Molecular Basis of Color Variation in Animals
• Hybridization and Genetic Introgression in Wild Populations

Animal Physiology and Anatomy

• Adaptations in Extreme Environments: Deep-Sea Organisms
• Comparative Anatomy of Avian Skeletal Systems
• Physiological Responses to Hibernation in Mammals
• Nervous System Development in Embryonic Vertebrates
• Endocrine Disruption in Aquatic Species due to Pollutants
• Evolutionary Adaptations in Carnivorous Teeth Structure
• Muscle Physiology and Performance in Migratory Species
• Sensory Adaptations in Nocturnal Predators
• Immunology of Invertebrates: Defense Mechanisms
• Reproductive Biology of Unique Mammalian Species

Ecology and Behavioral Studies

• Feeding Ecology and Dietary Niche Specialization
• Behavioral Ecology of Social Insects: Ants and Termites
• Impact of Anthropogenic Noise on Animal Communication
• Trophic Interactions in Food Webs: Predator-Prey Dynamics
• Disease Ecology and Wildlife Health Assessment
• Behavioral Plasticity in Response to Habitat Change
• Habitat Preference and Niche Partitioning in Birds
• Parasite-Host Interactions in Wildlife Populations
• Behavioral Strategies for Coping with Climate Change
• Predator Avoidance Behaviors in Prey Species

Conservation Genetics and Evolutionary Biology

• Genetic Rescue and Population Viability Analysis
• Conservation Genomics of Endangered Species
• Hybridization and Introgression in Endangered Populations
• Evolutionary Significance of Ancient DNA Studies
• Conservation Strategies for Genetic Diversity Preservation
• Population Genomics of Species Under Anthropogenic Pressure
• Evolutionary Adaptations in Island Endemic Species
• Genetic Markers for Wildlife Forensic Studies
• Landscape Genetics and Connectivity in Fragmented Habitats
• Phylogeography and Population Structure in Wild Species

Marine and Aquatic Biology

• Coral Reef Resilience to Climate Change Stressors
• Adaptations in Deep-Sea Creatures to High Pressure
• Behavioral Ecology of Cephalopods: Octopus and Squid
• Trophic Relationships in Estuarine Ecosystems
• Movement Ecology of Pelagic Marine Species
• Ocean Acidification Effects on Marine Invertebrates
• Conservation of Threatened Seabird Species
• Bioluminescence in Marine Organisms: Function and Evolution
• Breeding Biology and Migration Patterns of Sea Turtles
• Pollution Impacts on Marine Mammal Health

Wildlife Conservation and Management

• Translocation and Reintroduction Programs: Success and Challenges
• Human-Wildlife Conflict Resolution Strategies
• Protected Area Design and Efficacy for Biodiversity Conservation
• Community-Based Conservation Initiatives
• Wildlife Trafficking and Illegal Wildlife Trade
• Conservation Education and Public Awareness Programs
• Ecotourism and Sustainable Wildlife Management
• Integrating Traditional Ecological Knowledge into Conservation Practices
• Wildlife Disease Surveillance and Management
• Conservation Planning for Habitat Restoration

Ethology and Animal Behavior

• Social Learning and Cultural Transmission in Animal Groups
• Vocalizations and Communication Patterns in Insects
• Cognitive Abilities and Problem-Solving Skills in Birds
• Dominance Hierarchies and Aggression in Social Mammals
• Play Behavior and Its Developmental Significance in Young Animals
• Tool Use and Innovation in Non-Human Primates
• Sleep Patterns and Sleep-related Behaviors in Various Species
• Migration Strategies and Navigation in Long-Distance Migrants
• Adaptive Behaviors in Response to Changing Environmental Conditions
• Altruistic Behaviors and Kin Selection in Animal Societies

Comparative Physiology and Anatomy

• Digestive Physiology in Herbivorous versus Carnivorous Mammals
• Respiratory Adaptations in High-Altitude Birds and Mammals
• Musculoskeletal Adaptations in Arboreal and Terrestrial Animals
• Thermoregulation in Reptiles: Ectothermy vs. Endothermy
• Sensory Adaptations in Nocturnal versus Diurnal Animals
• Endocrine System Regulation in Response to Seasonal Changes
• Reproductive Strategies in Marsupials versus Placental Mammals
• Adaptations of Marine Mammals to Aquatic Life
• Immune System Variation in Different Taxonomic Groups
• Comparative Anatomy of Insect Flight Mechanisms

Evolutionary Biology and Genetics

• Coevolutionary Relationships between Hosts and Parasites
• Evolutionary Significance of Mimicry and Camouflage in Prey Species
• Molecular Basis of Coloration in Animals: Pigments and Structural Colors
• Genome Editing Techniques in Studying Evolutionary Pathways
• Evolutionary Implications of Hybrid Zones and Hybrid Speciation
• Comparative Genomic Studies of Model Organisms
• Evolutionary Genetics of Reproductive Isolation
• Evolutionary Adaptations in Extreme Environments
• Ancient DNA Analysis and Its Contribution to Evolutionary Studies
• Genomic Basis of Speciation and Divergence

Wildlife Ecology and Conservation

• Human-Wildlife Conflict: Mitigation Strategies in Agricultural Landscapes
• Effects of Climate Change on Wildlife Phenology and Distribution
• Connectivity and Corridor Conservation in Fragmented Landscapes
• Conservation Genetics and Strategies for Rare and Endangered Species
• Community-Based Conservation Approaches in Developing Nations
• Eco-Health Approaches to Wildlife Disease Management
• Conservation Strategies for Urban Wildlife Populations
• Rewilding Initiatives and Their Impact on Ecosystem Restoration
• Habitat Restoration Techniques for Biodiversity Enhancement
• Conflict Resolution in Conservation Policies: Balancing Human Needs and Wildlife Preservation

Simple Zoology Research Project Topics and Materials For College Students

Explore intriguing research topics in Zoology suitable for college students, encompassing biodiversity, ecology, genetics, and conservation studies.

Good Zoology Project Ideas

Discover engaging Zoology Research Project Topics and Materials that delve into animal behavior, physiology, genetics, and ecological aspects, offering diverse avenues for exploration in Zoology.

Zoology Research Topics For Undergraduates

Tailored for undergraduates, these research topics cover various facets of Zoology, including habitat dynamics, wildlife conservation, behavioral studies, and genetic diversity.

Project Topics In Zoology And Entomology

Uncover research topics bridging Zoology and Entomology, exploring insect behavior, ecological interactions, evolutionary studies, and conservation efforts.

Research Topics For Zoology Students

Designed for Zoology students, these research topics delve into animal welfare, advanced genetic studies, conservation strategies, and behavioral ecology.

Easy Topics In Zoology

Simplify research endeavors with easy-to-explore topics in Zoology, covering animal anatomy, behavior, ecological observations, and basic physiological studies.

What Are Some Good Research Project Topics For The Last Year Of An M.Sc. In Zoology?

These research topics explore advanced areas in Zoology, encompassing wildlife genetics, conservation challenges, ecological dynamics, and evolutionary studies.

Why are zoology Research Project Topics important?

Zoology Research Project Topics play a crucial role in deepening our understanding of the animal kingdom, driving conservation efforts, etc. It holds significant importance for several reasons:

• Advancing Knowledge: They contribute to the expansion of knowledge in Zoology by exploring new aspects of animal biology, behavior, ecology, genetics, and physiology.
• Addressing Conservation Needs: Research topics aid in understanding threats to biodiversity, endangered species, and habitat degradation, offering insights into conservation strategies.
• Educational Development: They serve as learning tools for students, fostering critical thinking, research skills, and a deeper understanding of animal life and ecosystems.
• Impact on Society: Research outcomes may influence policies, conservation efforts, and wildlife management practices, benefiting both animals and humans.
• Innovation and Technology: Research projects often lead to innovative discoveries, new methodologies, and technological advancements relevant to animal science and welfare.
• Contribution to Scientific Discourse: They contribute to scientific literature, enabling scholars to share findings, collaborate, and build upon existing knowledge in the field of Zoology.
• Conservation and Environmental Awareness: By focusing on ecological issues and wildlife conservation, these topics raise awareness about the importance of preserving biodiversity and ecosystems.

How do I choose the best topic for a PhD in research in zoology?

Selecting the best topic for a PhD research in Zoology involves a thoughtful and strategic approach:

• Identify Your Interests: Consider your passion and curiosity. Choose a topic that aligns with your interests, whether it’s animal behavior, ecology, genetics, conservation, or another aspect of Zoology.
• Explore Existing Literature: Review current research papers, articles, and books within your field of interest. Identify gaps, unanswered questions, or emerging areas that intrigue you.
• Consult with Experts: Engage with professors, advisors, or researchers in Zoology. Discuss potential topics, seek guidance, and explore their expertise to refine your research direction.
• Consider Feasibility: Assess the feasibility of your chosen topic. Ensure access to resources, such as laboratories, equipment, fieldwork opportunities, and support from mentors.
• Originality and Contribution: Aim for a topic that contributes to the field. Look for areas where your research can make a unique and significant contribution to Zoology, whether through new methodologies, discoveries, or innovative approaches.
• Scope and Manageability: Ensure your topic is manageable within the scope of a PhD in zoology . It should be neither too broad nor too narrow, allowing for in-depth research while being achievable within the time frame.
• Future Prospects: Consider the potential impact and future prospects of your research. How might it contribute to scientific discourse, conservation efforts, or technological advancements?
• Personal and Career Goals: Reflect on how the chosen topic aligns with your long-term career aspirations and personal goals. A topic that excites you and holds long-term interest can sustain motivation throughout the PhD journey.

Zoology Project Topics And Materials Pdf

The Zoology Project Topics and Materials PDF offers a comprehensive collection of research themes covering various facets of animal biology, ecology, behavior, genetics, and conservation studies. This resource-rich PDF serves as a valuable guide, presenting diverse research avenues and educational materials for enthusiasts and scholars in Zoology.

Final words

The Zoology Research Project Topics and Materials serve as a valuable compass guiding aspiring zoologists through a diverse array of research avenues. This resource offers a treasure trove of knowledge, inviting exploration into the intricate world of animal life. From understanding animal behavior and physiology to unraveling the complexities of ecosystems and conservation, these topics ignite curiosity and offer a pathway to deeper understanding.

Each Zoology Research Project Topics and Materials within this compilation is a doorway to discovery, inviting students to delve into the wonders of the animal kingdom. It’s like having a map of an enchanted forest brimming with intriguing creatures and mysteries waiting to be unraveled. This resource empowers students to pick their adventure, encouraging them to ask questions, investigate, and unearth the marvels of the animal realm. With each topic sparking curiosity and imagination, it’s an invitation to research a good project through the captivating world of zoology.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the best topic for a zoology assignment.

The best topic for a Zoology assignment depends on personal interest and the scope of research, such as animal behavior, ecological studies, genetics, or conservation efforts. Selecting a topic aligned with passion and research feasibility ensures a rewarding assignment experience.

What are some good topics for a final year project for a Bsc zoology?

Exploring animal behavior, biodiversity conservation, genetics, or ecological studies offers promising final year BSc Zoology project topics

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[100+] Zoology Research Topics For College Students With Free [Thesis Pdf] 2023

Are You Searching Research Topics For Zoology ,   Topics For Zoology Research Paper, Zoology Research Topics For Students, Research Topics Ideas For Zoology, Zoology Research Topics For Phd, Zoology Phd Topics. So You are at right place. At this website you can get lots of Zoology Research Topics for College Students,  Phd, Mphil, Dissertations, Thesis, Project, Presentation, Seminar or Workshop.

In this article we provide you latest research topics for Zoology with full Phd thesis. By these research topics for Zoology you can get idea for your research work.  Check the suggestions below that can help you choose the right research topics for Zoology : You can also Free Download Cyber Crime Research Phd Thesis in Pdf by given link.

Now Check 50+ Zoology Research Topics List

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Research Topic For Zoology 2023

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Note: All Research Work Idea on this website is inspired by Shodhganga: a reservoir of Indian Theses. We provide you mostly research work under Creative Commons Licence. Credit goes to https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/

If you find any copyright content on this website and you have any objection than plz immediately connect us on [email protected]. We Will remove that content as soon as.

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Hamas Chief Says Israeli Amendments on Ceasefire Proposal Led to Deadlock

Palestinian group Hamas' top leader, Ismail Haniyeh meets with Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi (not pictured) in Tehran, Iran March 27, 2024. Iran's Presidency/WANA (West Asia News Agency)/Handout via REUTERS/File Photo

By Nidal al-Mughrabi

CAIRO (Reuters) - Hamas chief Ismail Haniyeh blamed Israel on Wednesday for a deadlock in Gaza ceasefire negotiations and reiterated key demands including that any agreement provide a framework for a permanent end to Israel's offensive in the enclave.

Earlier this month, the Palestinian group said it agreed to a truce proposal from Qatari and Egyptian mediators that Israel previously accepted.

Israel disputed this, saying the three-phase proposal

War in Israel and Gaza

approved by Hamas was unacceptable because terms had been watered down. Ceasefire talks in Cairo broke up this month with no agreement.

"They also introduced amendments to the proposal that put the negotiation into a deadlock," said Haniyeh, who is based in Qatar, in a televised speech.

Haniyeh said his group was determined to pursue all available ways to end the war in Gaza, leaving the door open to more mediation efforts, but he held to the group's key demands.

"Any efforts or agreement must secure a permanent ceasefire, a comprehensive pull-out from all of the Gaza Strip, a real prisoner swap deal, the return of the displaced, reconstruction, and lifting the blockade," said Haniyeh.

Israel says it wants to reach a prisoners-for-hostages deal but has so far refused any commitment to end the military offensive in Gaza, which it said seeks to annihilate Hamas.

Haniyeh, whose group has been running Gaza since 2007, rejected any post-war settlement in Gaza that excludes the group. "Hamas existed to stay," he said.

"The movement (Hamas) will decide, along with all national factions, the administration of the Gaza Strip after the war," said Haniyeh.

Israel says Hamas can't have any role in ruling Gaza after the war is over. Its ally, the United States, says it wants to see Gaza and the West Bank reunited under Hamas' rival, the Palestinian Authority, which currently has limited self-rule in the Israeli-occupied West Bank.

Health authorities in Gaza say the war has killed almost 35,000 people since the Oct. 7 attack by Hamas on Israel. Some 1,200 people were killed in Israel and 253 were taken hostage on Oct. 7, according to Israeli tallies.

(Reporting by Nidal al-Mughrabi, additional reporting by Muhammad Al Gebaly; Editing by Chris Reese and Cynthia Osterman)

Copyright 2024 Thomson Reuters .

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Tags: Israel , Middle East , Egypt

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UW’s SER and College of Engineering and Physical Sciences Fund Energy-Related Equipment Proposals

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Institutional Communications Bureau of Mines Building, Room 137 Laramie, WY 82071 Phone: (307) 766-2929 Email:   [email protected]

Published May 15, 2024

Recipients have been selected from among 41 proposals for funding following a request from the University of Wyoming’s School of Energy Resources (SER) to UW employees in need of energy-related laboratory equipment -- including repairs -- or supplies to conduct energy-related research.

“The volume of proposals, totaling more than 10 times the funds SER had available, was extremely telling of the need for support for equipment to bolster the UW energy research enterprise,” says SER Executive Director Holly Krutka. “It quickly became apparent that we needed to find a way to support more proposals than we had initially expected, and we’re grateful to our partners in the College of Engineering and Physical Sciences for stepping in.”

Recognizing the need and merit among the proposals, the College of Engineering and Physical Sciences joined the commitment to fund additional equipment proposals from multiple departments around campus.

“We want to set up our researchers for success, facilitate the shared access to new and existing equipment, and promote further collaboration across UW colleges and departments,” says Cameron Wright, the Carrell Family Dean of the College of Engineering and Physical Sciences. “We’re grateful for our increased Tier 1 funding, which allowed us to make these investments to improve our research tools and facilities. We look forward to seeing these new purchases and upgrades put to good use.”

Proposals were considered for repairing or upgrading existing equipment up to $100,000; new equipment purchases up to $500,000; and requests for purchasing supplies, such as laboratory and testing supplies or computational resources, up to $100,000.

Eight proposals were funded by SER, and nine were funded by the College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, with a total of $4.5 million allocated for equipment purchases.

Selected recipients are:

-- Kyle Summerfield, program manager of SER’s 3D Visualization Center, and Jeff Hamerlinck, director of the Wyoming Geographic Information Science Center, were selected for their requested high-resolution data visualization LED wall system along with matching funds from the School of Computing.

-- A proposal by John Hoberg, a professor in the Department of Chemistry, was selected for a high-pressure hydrogenation reactor.

-- Haibo Zhai, the Roy and Caryl Cline Distinguished Chair and a professor in the Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering and Construction Management, will receive funding for laboratory computers.

-- Jonathan Brant, a professor in the Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering and Construction Management and SER’s Center of Excellence in Produced Water Management, will receive funding for an integrated electrolysis system for hydrogen production.

-- Shane Murphy, an associate professor in the Department of Atmospheric Science and SER’s Center for Air Quality, will receive funding for repairs and upgrades to existing equipment in the Atmospheric Science Mobile Lab.

-- A collaborative proposal from Fabian Nippgen and Kristina Hufford, both associate professors in the Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, along with Roger Coupal, a professor in the Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, will receive funding for a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle and associated sensor to measure discharge and trigger water sampling for reclaimed mine land.

-- Grant Copeland, an SER research professional in the Center for Economic Geology Research, submitted a successful proposal for an ashing furnace and hood to improve current critical mineral research capabilities.

-- Jonathan Naughton, a professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering and director of the Wind Energy Research Center, will receive funding for a laser-particle image velocity system.

-- Minou Rabiei, an associate professor in the Department of Energy and Petroleum Engineering, will receive funding for a rock compressibility system for the testing and characterization of cavern storage formations for carbon capture and storage.

-- Tawfik Elshehabi, an assistant professor in the Department of Energy and Petroleum Engineering, will receive funding for Eco-Cem liquid cement (slurry) testing equipment.

-- Kam Ng, a professor in the Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering and Construction Management, submitted a successful proposal for a 4D X-ray microtomography system.

-- Vamegh Rasouli, a professor and head of the Department of Energy and Petroleum Engineering, will receive funding for a G200X nanoindenter from KLA Instruments, which will be used for nanoscale mechanical testing.

-- Soheil Saraji, an associate professor in the Department of Energy and Petroleum Engineering, will receive funding for a micro-X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and an automated petrography polarization microscope for geological formation characterization capabilities.

-- Maddie Lewis, an assistant professor in the Department of Geology and Geophysics, will receive funding for instrument, electrical and venting renovations in a lab dedicated to the characterization of critical minerals.

-- Brian Leonard, a professor and head of the Department of Chemistry, will receive funding for four new furnaces, ceramic reaction tubes, thermocouples and heating elements.

-- Brad Carr, an associate research scientist in the Department of Geology and Geophysics, will receive funding for a SmartSolo seismic receiver, a Geometrics Stratagem EH-5 magnetotelluric system and a Proceq Screening Eagle multifrequency ground penetrating radar system for drill pad technology.

-- David Reid, a graduate teaching assistant, and Rasouli, both in the Department of Energy and Petroleum Engineering, submitted a successful request for a HPHT foam rheometer for the Integrated Research Lab.

Overall, the proposals will support individuals in 14 departments and centers of excellence on a range of energy-related projects.

“We are very pleased to see the desire of our researchers and faculty to do so much more than they are already doing to drive quality energy exploration,” Wright says. “Providing access to proper tools and equipment will make a huge difference in the outcomes for those who are already dedicated to making a tangible difference in Wyoming’s energy industry.”

Careers @ MSU

Public postings, public job postings at msu, job postings, proposal & capacity strengthening admin / research administrator ii, working/functional title.

Proposal & Capacity Strengthening Admin

Position Summary

The Alliance for African Partnership (AAP) is seeking an experienced, organized, enthusiastic, energetic and results-oriented professional, who has an understanding of and appreciation for working in Africa, possess a consistent level of excellent communication skills, while being able to balance a fast-paced and sometimes unpredictable environment to join its MSU-based team as a Proposal and Capacity Strengthening Administrator. This is a full-time (100%), fixed term, 12-month appointment with the possibility of renewal. ISP is currently operating under a hybrid modality structure, with staff working three days in person and two days remotely.

About the Alliance for African Partnership (AAP)

The AAP is a consortium of 10 leading African universities, a regional Think Tank network and Michigan State University (MSU). It was established by MSU in May 2016 to address today’s global challenges in a way that is sustainable, effective, and equitable. The vision of the AAP is to transform lives through co-created, research-driven initiatives that address shared challenges, and the mission is to initiate and support innovative, sustainable and equitable partnerships among African institutions, MSU and other collaborators. After a successful 5-year period of supporting new and innovative partnership development, AAP now requires a professional to coordinate its proposals and capacity development efforts with faculty in the AAP consortium.

Primary Responsibilities:

The successful candidate will coordinate proposal and capacity development collaborative efforts indicated below to support MSU and African faculty in the AAP consortium in the seven AAP priority areas with gender and inclusion as cross cutting, including other duties for the AAP on projects as needed:

  Faculty Teams Proposal Development

• Work with faculty in the AAP consortium to identify and organize proposal teams to submit concept notes and grant proposals to external funding agencies;
• Coordinate preparation of proposals by reviewing funding opportunities; creating proposal development timelines, matrices, and outlines; setting and monitoring internal deadlines; organizing and tracking inputs and drafts; and facilitating proposal team meetings;
• Contribute to all aspects of technical applications, including preparing templates, sharing relevant language from past proposals, writing capacity statements, collecting and editing personnel documents, and drafting text for institutional management sections and relevant annexes;
• Collaborate with the relevant department fiscal officer and contribute to proposal financial applications by reviewing budgets and budget justifications; assisting, as needed, with funder-required cost forms, certifications, and representations; drafting language regarding past performance and exemption requests; and facilitating institutional approvals and signatures on financial documents;
• Liaise internally at MSU and externally with AAP consortium members to prepare and process collaborative team agreements, memoranda of understanding, and sub-recipient awards;
• Prepare proposals for submission, including compiling application packages and uploading them in MSU internal (Kuali Coeus) and external (funder-specific) electronic systems;
• Work with faculty and OSP to ensure high-quality, timely application submissions that are compliant with MSU and funder rules and regulations;
• Maintain records and copies of submitted applications and proposal resources; contribute to unit annual reporting and metrics.

  Capacity building and partnership development

• Initiate and develop programs for strengthening capacity for proposal development across the AAP consortium;
• Support programs for strengthening capacity of faculty and professional staff on equitable partnership development and other relevant areas across the AAP consortium;
• Identify calls for proposals for AAP faculty and provide insights and recommendations to the AAP Directors and to AAP faculty and administrators;
• Participate in outreach to AAP consortium faculty and staff regarding services and processes.

  AAP Programming

• Provide insights to the AAP leadership on funding opportunities available from a network of funders such as individual donors, private foundations, governments, development banks etc to support the sustainability of the AAP;
• Liaise with the AAP Communications team to outreach to university faculty and staff regarding AAP’s services and processes as it relates to proposal and capacity strengthening;
• Support the preparation of the AAP semi-annual and annual reports including working with the AAP M&E team to compile data and develop data visuals that shows AAP’s resource mobilization;
• Support the pre-award processes for AAP grant programs including Africa GPS, PIRA, TI, Graduate Students Research Fellowships and others;
• Serve as a liaison with MSU International Advancement regarding pre-award processes for international scholarship and engagement;
• Serve as a member for the Resource Mobilization Team.  

The International Studies and Programs (ISP) at Michigan State University is committed to achieving excellence by creating and sustaining an accessible and inclusive culture that values cultural and academic diversity. We are an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. The ISP is particularly interested in candidates of all backgrounds who are committed to the principle that academic excellence is achieved through open access and proactive inclusion.

Unit Specific Education/Experience/Skills

Knowledge normally acquired by completing a four-year college degree program in business administration, finance, or a relevant research-related field; one to three years of related and progressively more responsible or expansive work experience in proposal and budget development for foundation and government funding agencies such as USAID, Dept of State, NSF; and capacity development for international research, research administration including the area of pre-award processes, or related field such as regulatory administration; or an equivalent combination of education and experience. This position requires completion of Essentials of Research Administration (MSU Certificate) or equivalent within one year of hire.

Desired Qualifications

• Masters degree program in a relevant research-related field
• International research experience in East, West and/or Southern Africa
• Strong writing and proof-reading skills
• Prior experience with Kuali-Coeus system
• Excellent verbal and non-verbal communication skills and the ability to interact effectively with diverse audiences, particularly internationally
• Demonstrated knowledge of the priorities and best practices for preparing proposals for consideration by external funders as well as external funders rules and regulations
• Demonstrated ability to work independently on and complete assigned tasks with specific deadlines including multi-tasking
• Demonstrated experience with virtual environments, project implementation and coordination
• Experience in the use of word processing, spreadsheet, database, and presentation software
• Ability to respond effectively to changes in priorities on projects and activities
• Ability to travel in-state, out-of-state and internationally

Equal Employment Opportunity Statement

All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, citizenship, age, disability or protected veteran status.

Required Application Materials

Resume and letter of interest

STANDARD 8-5

Description of End Date

This is an off dated position funded for one year from the date of hire with possible extension contingent upon funding renewal.

HTTPS://AAP.ISP.MSU.EDU/

Remote Work Statement

MSU strives to provide a flexible work environment and this position has been designated as remote-friendly. Remote-friendly means some or all of the duties can be performed remotely as mutually agreed upon.

Bidding eligibility ends May 21, 2024 at 11:55 P.M.

Advertised: May 15, 2024 Eastern Daylight Time Applications close: May 28, 2024 Eastern Daylight Time

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