what is an conclusion in english

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Meaning of conclusion in English

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conclusion noun ( LAST PART )

• end This mammal roamed the steppes during the end of the last Ice Age.
• close Stock prices were up 6 percent at the close of the trading day.
• culmination This starring role in a West End musical is the culmination of her years of hard work in local theatres.
• completion At the completion of the exam, please return the materials to the proctor's desk and exit the room quietly.
• endpoint Both parties agree that they have reached a suitable endpoint to the negotiations.
• The conclusion of your essay is good, but the final sentence is too long and complicated .
• If we carry this argument to its logical conclusion, we realize that further investment is not a good idea .
• The result of the election seems to be a foregone conclusion.
• The film has a boringly predictable conclusion.
• By this time they had disagreed so fiercely that there was no hope of an amicable conclusion.
• a screeching halt idiom
• accomplishment
• at the close of something
• break something up
• the fag end of something idiom
• the tail end

conclusion noun ( AGREEMENT )

• accommodation
• accreditation
• agree to something
• agree with something
• presumed consent
• ratification
• re-establish
• rise to the bait idiom
• unquestioning
• without a murmur idiom

conclusion noun ( JUDGMENT )

• be make or break for someone/something idiom
• be on the horns of a dilemma idiom
• flip a coin idiom
• get it together idiom
• get something into your head idiom
• hammer something out
• have a, some, etc. say in something idiom
• swing the balance idiom
• take it into your head to do something idiom
• take the plunge idiom

conclusion | American Dictionary

Conclusion noun [c] ( judgment ), conclusion noun [c] ( end ), conclusion | business english, examples of conclusion, collocations with conclusion.

These are words often used in combination with conclusion .

Click on a collocation to see more examples of it.

Translations of conclusion

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Word of the Day

troubleshoot

to discover why something does not work effectively and help to improve it

Searching out and tracking down: talking about finding or discovering things

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• conclusion (LAST PART)
• in conclusion
• conclusion (AGREEMENT)
• conclusion (JUDGMENT)
• conclusion (END)
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Conclusions

What this handout is about.

This handout will explain the functions of conclusions, offer strategies for writing effective ones, help you evaluate conclusions you’ve drafted, and suggest approaches to avoid.

About conclusions

Introductions and conclusions can be difficult to write, but they’re worth investing time in. They can have a significant influence on a reader’s experience of your paper.

Just as your introduction acts as a bridge that transports your readers from their own lives into the “place” of your analysis, your conclusion can provide a bridge to help your readers make the transition back to their daily lives. Such a conclusion will help them see why all your analysis and information should matter to them after they put the paper down.

Your conclusion is your chance to have the last word on the subject. The conclusion allows you to have the final say on the issues you have raised in your paper, to synthesize your thoughts, to demonstrate the importance of your ideas, and to propel your reader to a new view of the subject. It is also your opportunity to make a good final impression and to end on a positive note.

Your conclusion can go beyond the confines of the assignment. The conclusion pushes beyond the boundaries of the prompt and allows you to consider broader issues, make new connections, and elaborate on the significance of your findings.

Your conclusion should make your readers glad they read your paper. Your conclusion gives your reader something to take away that will help them see things differently or appreciate your topic in personally relevant ways. It can suggest broader implications that will not only interest your reader, but also enrich your reader’s life in some way. It is your gift to the reader.

Strategies for writing an effective conclusion

One or more of the following strategies may help you write an effective conclusion:

• Play the “So What” Game. If you’re stuck and feel like your conclusion isn’t saying anything new or interesting, ask a friend to read it with you. Whenever you make a statement from your conclusion, ask the friend to say, “So what?” or “Why should anybody care?” Then ponder that question and answer it. Here’s how it might go: You: Basically, I’m just saying that education was important to Douglass. Friend: So what? You: Well, it was important because it was a key to him feeling like a free and equal citizen. Friend: Why should anybody care? You: That’s important because plantation owners tried to keep slaves from being educated so that they could maintain control. When Douglass obtained an education, he undermined that control personally. You can also use this strategy on your own, asking yourself “So What?” as you develop your ideas or your draft.
• Return to the theme or themes in the introduction. This strategy brings the reader full circle. For example, if you begin by describing a scenario, you can end with the same scenario as proof that your essay is helpful in creating a new understanding. You may also refer to the introductory paragraph by using key words or parallel concepts and images that you also used in the introduction.
• Synthesize, don’t summarize. Include a brief summary of the paper’s main points, but don’t simply repeat things that were in your paper. Instead, show your reader how the points you made and the support and examples you used fit together. Pull it all together.
• Include a provocative insight or quotation from the research or reading you did for your paper.
• Propose a course of action, a solution to an issue, or questions for further study. This can redirect your reader’s thought process and help them to apply your info and ideas to their own life or to see the broader implications.
• Point to broader implications. For example, if your paper examines the Greensboro sit-ins or another event in the Civil Rights Movement, you could point out its impact on the Civil Rights Movement as a whole. A paper about the style of writer Virginia Woolf could point to her influence on other writers or on later feminists.

Strategies to avoid

• Beginning with an unnecessary, overused phrase such as “in conclusion,” “in summary,” or “in closing.” Although these phrases can work in speeches, they come across as wooden and trite in writing.
• Stating the thesis for the very first time in the conclusion.
• Introducing a new idea or subtopic in your conclusion.
• Ending with a rephrased thesis statement without any substantive changes.
• Making sentimental, emotional appeals that are out of character with the rest of an analytical paper.
• Including evidence (quotations, statistics, etc.) that should be in the body of the paper.

Four kinds of ineffective conclusions

• The “That’s My Story and I’m Sticking to It” Conclusion. This conclusion just restates the thesis and is usually painfully short. It does not push the ideas forward. People write this kind of conclusion when they can’t think of anything else to say. Example: In conclusion, Frederick Douglass was, as we have seen, a pioneer in American education, proving that education was a major force for social change with regard to slavery.
• The “Sherlock Holmes” Conclusion. Sometimes writers will state the thesis for the very first time in the conclusion. You might be tempted to use this strategy if you don’t want to give everything away too early in your paper. You may think it would be more dramatic to keep the reader in the dark until the end and then “wow” them with your main idea, as in a Sherlock Holmes mystery. The reader, however, does not expect a mystery, but an analytical discussion of your topic in an academic style, with the main argument (thesis) stated up front. Example: (After a paper that lists numerous incidents from the book but never says what these incidents reveal about Douglass and his views on education): So, as the evidence above demonstrates, Douglass saw education as a way to undermine the slaveholders’ power and also an important step toward freedom.
• The “America the Beautiful”/”I Am Woman”/”We Shall Overcome” Conclusion. This kind of conclusion usually draws on emotion to make its appeal, but while this emotion and even sentimentality may be very heartfelt, it is usually out of character with the rest of an analytical paper. A more sophisticated commentary, rather than emotional praise, would be a more fitting tribute to the topic. Example: Because of the efforts of fine Americans like Frederick Douglass, countless others have seen the shining beacon of light that is education. His example was a torch that lit the way for others. Frederick Douglass was truly an American hero.
• The “Grab Bag” Conclusion. This kind of conclusion includes extra information that the writer found or thought of but couldn’t integrate into the main paper. You may find it hard to leave out details that you discovered after hours of research and thought, but adding random facts and bits of evidence at the end of an otherwise-well-organized essay can just create confusion. Example: In addition to being an educational pioneer, Frederick Douglass provides an interesting case study for masculinity in the American South. He also offers historians an interesting glimpse into slave resistance when he confronts Covey, the overseer. His relationships with female relatives reveal the importance of family in the slave community.

Works consulted

We consulted these works while writing this handout. This is not a comprehensive list of resources on the handout’s topic, and we encourage you to do your own research to find additional publications. Please do not use this list as a model for the format of your own reference list, as it may not match the citation style you are using. For guidance on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial . We revise these tips periodically and welcome feedback.

Douglass, Frederick. 1995. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself. New York: Dover.

Hamilton College. n.d. “Conclusions.” Writing Center. Accessed June 14, 2019. https://www.hamilton.edu//academics/centers/writing/writing-resources/conclusions .

Holewa, Randa. 2004. “Strategies for Writing a Conclusion.” LEO: Literacy Education Online. Last updated February 19, 2004. https://leo.stcloudstate.edu/acadwrite/conclude.html.

You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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[ k uh n- kloo -zh uh n ]

Synonyms: finale , completion , termination , ending

Antonyms: beginning

Synonyms: summation

The restitution payment was one of the conclusions of the negotiations.

The judge has reached his conclusion.

• a reasoned deduction or inference.
• Logic. a proposition concluded or inferred from the premises of an argument.
• the effect of an act by which the person performing the act is bound not to do anything inconsistent therewith; an estoppel.
• the end of a pleading or conveyance.
• Grammar. apodosis .

/ kənˈkluːʒən /

• end or termination
• the last main division of a speech, lecture, essay, etc
• the outcome or result of an act, process, event, etc (esp in the phrase a foregone conclusion )
• a final decision or judgment; resolution (esp in the phrase come to a conclusion )
• a statement that purports to follow from another or others (the premises ) by means of an argument
• a statement that does validly follow from given premises
• an admission or statement binding on the party making it; estoppel
• the close of a pleading or of a conveyance
• in conclusion lastly; to sum up
• jump to conclusions to come to a conclusion prematurely, without sufficient thought or on incomplete evidence

Discover More

Other words from.

• con·clusion·al adjective
• con·clusion·al·ly adverb
• noncon·clusion noun
• precon·clusion noun

Word History and Origins

Origin of conclusion 1

Idioms and Phrases

In conclusion, I would like to thank you for your attention.

• try conclusions with , to engage oneself in a struggle for victory or mastery over, as a person or an impediment.

More idioms and phrases containing conclusion

Synonym study, example sentences.

The conclusions were drawn by the majority staff under committee Chairman Peter DeFazio.

It has been a difficult journey for her, but fortunately it has a happy conclusion.

The real conclusion, yet again, is that getting the most bang out of your altitude buck is complicated and highly individual.

Westlake has disputed the conclusions and details of a legislative report that corroborated three women’s complaints that he made unwanted sexual advances.

Local research into police stops has reached similar conclusions.

Was there an investigation of people at DOJ before they arrived at that conclusion?

Editorial and political cartoon pages from throughout the world almost unanimously came to the same conclusion.

Following this line of reasoning to its logical conclusion, the way to achieve world peace is to give everyone atomic bombs.

In that sense, the last Report was mildly unsatisfying as a conclusion, in that it left so much unresolved.

Magnum came into being as a cooperative only two years after the conclusion of World War II.

And the others, not knowing that he had that day repented, sat at their distance and tried to form no conclusion.

The conclusion is reached that, despite these drawbacks, the Jesuit mission in Canada has made a hopeful beginning.

The interest of the story is now at an end; but much yet remains before the conclusion.

How would the involuntary accusation have been embittered, had he known that the Empress drew the same conclusion!

I made the experiment two years ago, and all my experience since has corroborated the conclusion then arrived at.

Related Words

• consequence
• development

More About Conclusion

What is a conclusion .

The conclusion is the final section of an essay. It summarizes the points made in the essay and restates the thesis statement in different words.

Students are usually taught to write an essay in three parts, with the first part being the introduction , followed by the body and ending with a conclusion.

While the introduction is often considered the most important part of an essay, the conclusion is often the trickiest part to write. The goal of the conclusion is to summarize all of the major points of the essay without repeating them word for word.

Articles, opinion pieces, blog posts, research papers, and other types of writing also include conclusions to tie all the points together and emphasize their importance.

Why is conclusion important?

The first records of the word conclusion come from around 1300. It ultimately comes from the Latin verb conclūdere , meaning “to end an argument.”

Just like with introductions, your teacher will likely tell you that the conclusion should only be as long as it needs to be to do its job.

To write a good conclusion , you often begin with a transition and restate your thesis using different wording from the introduction. Next, you’ll repeat the main points you made in the body using the same wording and without introducing any new information or arguments. You can then end your conclusion with a thought-provoking statement or a call to action that demonstrates the importance of the essay’s topic.

The most important job of the conclusion is to tie everything together and to avoid rambling or repeating things that have already been said.

Did you know … ?

Because the conclusion comes last in an essay, writers often write it last. This can make writing the conclusion easier because you know what your introduction and body say.

What are real-life examples of conclusion ?

This image gives an example of how an effective conclusion can be used even in an essay covering a complex subject.

Library.aut.ac.nz

While most students aren’t fans of writing conclusions , they often see them as the finish line of essay writing.

The conclusion to my essay on "Savitri: Some Aspects of Its Style." Ed. RY. Deshpande. Perspectives of Savitri, Part II. pic.twitter.com/bUJCEaAJcn — Goutam Ghosal (@GoutamGhosal3) June 4, 2021

What other words are related to conclusion ?

• introduction
• thesis statement

Quiz yourself!

True or False?

The conclusion repeats the thesis statement and summarizes the main points of the essay.

Definitions and idiom definitions from Dictionary.com Unabridged, based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2023

Idioms from The American Heritage® Idioms Dictionary copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.

So much is at stake in writing a conclusion. This is, after all, your last chance to persuade your readers to your point of view, to impress yourself upon them as a writer and thinker. And the impression you create in your conclusion will shape the impression that stays with your readers after they've finished the essay.

The end of an essay should therefore convey a sense of completeness and closure as well as a sense of the lingering possibilities of the topic, its larger meaning, its implications: the final paragraph should close the discussion without closing it off.

To establish a sense of closure, you might do one or more of the following:

• Conclude by linking the last paragraph to the first, perhaps by reiterating a word or phrase you used at the beginning.
• Conclude with a sentence composed mainly of one-syllable words. Simple language can help create an effect of understated drama.
• Conclude with a sentence that's compound or parallel in structure; such sentences can establish a sense of balance or order that may feel just right at the end of a complex discussion.

To close the discussion without closing it off, you might do one or more of the following:

• Conclude with a quotation from or reference to a primary or secondary source, one that amplifies your main point or puts it in a different perspective. A quotation from, say, the novel or poem you're writing about can add texture and specificity to your discussion; a critic or scholar can help confirm or complicate your final point. For example, you might conclude an essay on the idea of home in James Joyce's short story collection,  Dubliners , with information about Joyce's own complex feelings towards Dublin, his home. Or you might end with a biographer's statement about Joyce's attitude toward Dublin, which could illuminate his characters' responses to the city. Just be cautious, especially about using secondary material: make sure that you get the last word.
• Conclude by setting your discussion into a different, perhaps larger, context. For example, you might end an essay on nineteenth-century muckraking journalism by linking it to a current news magazine program like  60 Minutes .
• Conclude by redefining one of the key terms of your argument. For example, an essay on Marx's treatment of the conflict between wage labor and capital might begin with Marx's claim that the "capitalist economy is . . . a gigantic enterprise of dehumanization "; the essay might end by suggesting that Marxist analysis is itself dehumanizing because it construes everything in economic -- rather than moral or ethical-- terms.
• Conclude by considering the implications of your argument (or analysis or discussion). What does your argument imply, or involve, or suggest? For example, an essay on the novel  Ambiguous Adventure , by the Senegalese writer Cheikh Hamidou Kane, might open with the idea that the protagonist's development suggests Kane's belief in the need to integrate Western materialism and Sufi spirituality in modern Senegal. The conclusion might make the new but related point that the novel on the whole suggests that such an integration is (or isn't) possible.

Finally, some advice on how not to end an essay:

• Don't simply summarize your essay. A brief summary of your argument may be useful, especially if your essay is long--more than ten pages or so. But shorter essays tend not to require a restatement of your main ideas.
• Avoid phrases like "in conclusion," "to conclude," "in summary," and "to sum up." These phrases can be useful--even welcome--in oral presentations. But readers can see, by the tell-tale compression of the pages, when an essay is about to end. You'll irritate your audience if you belabor the obvious.
• Resist the urge to apologize. If you've immersed yourself in your subject, you now know a good deal more about it than you can possibly include in a five- or ten- or 20-page essay. As a result, by the time you've finished writing, you may be having some doubts about what you've produced. (And if you haven't immersed yourself in your subject, you may be feeling even more doubtful about your essay as you approach the conclusion.) Repress those doubts. Don't undercut your authority by saying things like, "this is just one approach to the subject; there may be other, better approaches. . ."

Copyright 1998, Pat Bellanca, for the Writing Center at Harvard University

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Writing a Paper: Conclusions

Writing a conclusion.

A conclusion is an important part of the paper; it provides closure for the reader while reminding the reader of the contents and importance of the paper. It accomplishes this by stepping back from the specifics in order to view the bigger picture of the document. In other words, it is reminding the reader of the main argument. For most course papers, it is usually one paragraph that simply and succinctly restates the main ideas and arguments, pulling everything together to help clarify the thesis of the paper. A conclusion does not introduce new ideas; instead, it should clarify the intent and importance of the paper. It can also suggest possible future research on the topic.

An Easy Checklist for Writing a Conclusion

It is important to remind the reader of the thesis of the paper so he is reminded of the argument and solutions you proposed.

Think of the main points as puzzle pieces, and the conclusion is where they all fit together to create a bigger picture. The reader should walk away with the bigger picture in mind.

Make sure that the paper places its findings in the context of real social change.

Make sure the reader has a distinct sense that the paper has come to an end. It is important to not leave the reader hanging. (You don’t want her to have flip-the-page syndrome, where the reader turns the page, expecting the paper to continue. The paper should naturally come to an end.)

No new ideas should be introduced in the conclusion. It is simply a review of the material that is already present in the paper. The only new idea would be the suggesting of a direction for future research.

Conclusion Example

As addressed in my analysis of recent research, the advantages of a later starting time for high school students significantly outweigh the disadvantages. A later starting time would allow teens more time to sleep--something that is important for their physical and mental health--and ultimately improve their academic performance and behavior. The added transportation costs that result from this change can be absorbed through energy savings. The beneficial effects on the students’ academic performance and behavior validate this decision, but its effect on student motivation is still unknown. I would encourage an in-depth look at the reactions of students to such a change. This sort of study would help determine the actual effects of a later start time on the time management and sleep habits of students.

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Essay Conclusions

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Learn about the elements of a successful essay conclusion.

The conclusion is a very important part of your essay. Although it is sometimes treated as a roundup of all of the bits that didn’t fit into the paper earlier, it deserves better treatment than that! It's the last thing the reader will see, so it tends to stick in the reader's memory. It's also a great place to remind the reader exactly why your topic is important. A conclusion is more than just "the last paragraph"—it's a working part of the paper. This is the place to push your reader to think about the consequences of your topic for the wider world or for the reader's own life!

A good conclusion should do a few things:

Restate your thesis

Synthesize or summarize your major points

Make the context of your argument clear

Restating Your Thesis

You've already spent time and energy crafting a solid thesis statement for your introduction, and if you've done your job right, your whole paper focuses on that thesis statement. That's why it's so important to address the thesis in your conclusion! Many writers choose to begin the conclusion by restating the thesis, but you can put your thesis into the conclusion anywhere—the first sentence of the paragraph, the last sentence, or in between. Here are a few tips for rephrasing your thesis:

Remind the reader that you've proven this thesis over the course of your paper. For example, if you're arguing that your readers should get their pets from animal shelters rather than pet stores, you might say, "If you were considering that puppy in the pet-shop window, remember that your purchase will support 'puppy mills' instead of rescuing a needy dog, and consider selecting your new friend at your local animal shelter." This example gives the reader not only the thesis of the paper, but a reminder of the most powerful point in the argument!

Revise the thesis statement so that it reflects the relationship you've developed with the reader during the paper. For example, if you've written a paper that targets parents of young children, you can find a way to phrase your thesis to capitalize on that—maybe by beginning your thesis statement with, "As a parent of a young child…"

Don’t repeat your thesis word for word—make sure that your new statement is an independent, fresh sentence!

Summary or Synthesis

This section of the conclusion might come before the thesis statement or after it. Your conclusion should remind the reader of what your paper actually says! The best conclusion will include a synthesis, not just a summary—instead of a mere list of your major points, the best conclusion will draw those points together and relate them to one another so that your reader can apply the information given in the essay. Here are a couple of ways to do that:

Give a list of the major arguments for your thesis (usually, these are the topic sentences of the parts of your essay).

Explain how these parts are connected. For example, in the animal-shelter essay, you might point out that adopting a shelter dog helps more animals because your adoption fee supports the shelter, which makes your choice more socially responsible.

One of the most important functions of the conclusion is to provide context for your argument. Your reader may finish your essay without a problem and understand your argument without understanding why that argument is important. Your introduction might point out the reason your topic matters, but your conclusion should also tackle this questions. Here are some strategies for making your reader see why the topic is important:

Tell the reader what you want him or her to do. Is your essay a call to action? If so, remind the reader of what he/she should do. If not, remember that asking the reader to think a certain way is an action in itself. (In the above examples, the essay asks the reader to adopt a shelter dog—a specific action.)

Explain why this topic is timely or important. For example, the animal-shelter essay might end with a statistic about the number of pets in shelters waiting for adoption.

Remind the readers of why the topic matters to them personally. For example, it doesn’t matter much if you believe in the mission of animal shelters, if you're not planning to get a dog; however, once you're looking for a dog, it is much more important. The conclusion of this essay might say, "Since you’re in the market for a dog, you have a major decision to make: where to get one." This will remind the reader that the argument is personally important!

Conclusion paragraphs

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What we have seen in this course is that the English language is and always has been a diverse entity. It has changed dramatically over the centuries since it first arrived on the shores of Britain from the north of Europe, and these changes mean that the language that was spoken at that time is almost incomprehensible to us now. As the language has spread beyond Britain it has continued to change, and to change in different ways in different contexts. It has diversified to such an extent that some scholars suggest that it is no longer accurate to talk of a single ‘English’; that instead there are many different English languages around the world today.

At the same time, however, English exists in the world today as a means of international communication – as a way for people from different social groups to communicate with each other – and to fulfil this function it would seem that variation in the language needs to be curtailed to a certain extent. That is to say, if the language becomes too diverse it will not remain mutually comprehensible across different social groups. So we have two impulses at work that are seemingly incompatible, or perhaps even in conflict, and the question we are faced with is how to render them as consistent, as both being part of the existence of a single entity we call ‘English’. This is one of the central issues in English language studies today – and it’s a very modern issue because it has come about as a direct result of the unprecedented position that English now occupies in the world: as a language with global scope which is implicated in the history and present-day existence of societies all around the world.

Synonyms of conclusion

• as in inference
• as in decision
• as in outcome
• as in ending
• as in cessation
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Thesaurus Definition of conclusion

Synonyms & Similar Words

• determination
• consequence
• deliverance
• presumption
• supposition
• instruction
• adjudication
• disposition
• commandment

Antonyms & Near Antonyms

• matter of course
• implication
• development
• precipitate
• aftereffect
• ramification
• repercussion
• side reaction
• side effect
• by - product
• consideration
• determinant
• inspiration
• instigation
• culmination
• consummation
• grand finale
• homestretch
• high - water mark
• coup de grace
• coup de grâce
• introduction
• termination
• discontinuation
• discontinuance
• interruption
• continuation
• continuance
• persistence
• prolongation

Phrases Containing conclusion

• draw a conclusion

Thesaurus Entries Near conclusion

conclusions

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“Conclusion.” Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/conclusion. Accessed 16 May. 2024.

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GoldenCrest Metals LLC Review: FASTEST Growing Gold IRA Company

A re you thinking about adding precious metals to your retirement mix, but not sure which company to go with? With lots of options out there, picking the best one can get tricky. This review looks closely at GoldenCrest Metals to see if they're a match for your investment needs.

GoldenCrest Metals is known for its top-notch customer service, as shown by its perfect score on Trustpilot. Their team, including Charles and Tom, help folks choose the right gold and silver. They make everything from finding the best metals to making purchases easy and worry-free. They offer coins, bars, and metals approved for IRAs, giving you lots of choices for your portfolio.

This is a perfect time to buy gold since the prices will continue to rise.

We'll go over what's good and maybe not so good about going with GoldenCrest Metals for your financial goals. This review will cover what they sell, how clear they are with pricing, how safe your transactions are, what resources they offer, and how they support customers. It's all to help you, whether you're just starting or already know a lot, decide what's best for your retirement money.

Disclaimer: This article contains affiliate links which means that I will get a small commission at no cost to you. If you do make a purchase with my affiliate link, I will personally send you a 1 ounce Silver Coin! Email me at [email protected] so I can thank you .

Key Takeaways:

• GoldenCrest Metals has a flawless 5-star rating on Trustpilot, reflecting high customer satisfaction.
• The company offers a wide selection of gold and silver products for portfolio diversification.
• Knowledgeable representatives guide investors through the precious metals IRA rollover process.
• GoldenCrest Metals prioritizes pricing transparency and secure transactions.
• Educational resources are available to help investors make informed decisions.
• While GoldenCrest Metals excels in precious metals investing, they do not provide tax, legal, or financial advice.

Limited Time Offer: ZERO Minimum Investment Amount for Gold IRAs!

Introduction to goldencrest metals.

Goldencrest Metals is a trusted company for investing in precious metals. It offers many choices to diversify your investment and protect your financial future. It mainly focuses on gold IRA and retirement planning to make investing in physical metals easy.

The firm is known for being honest, clear, and for its fair prices. Its founders have more than 20 years of experience each. This means you get expert help and advice on your investment path.

Options at Goldencrest Metals include:

• Gold and silver coins
• Gold and silver bars
• IRA-approved precious metals

Partnering with Goldencrest Metals means you can use their deep knowledge of the market. They are dedicated to guiding you to smart investment choices. They specialize in understanding what you need and your goals to suggest the best investment strategies.

Goldencrest Metals has a top-notch reputation. It has a perfect 5-star rating from all who reviewed it in the Non-Bank Financial Service category. This makes it stand out against rivals like Goldco, Augusta Precious Metals, and Noble Gold Investments, who have fewer positive reviews.

Customers love Goldencrest Metals for its great prices, and for its honesty and helpful education. They find investing stress-free, especially with setting up gold IRA accounts.

By choosing Goldencrest Metals, you're picking a company that cares about your success and satisfaction. With their expert advice, tailored service, and open policy, they're ready to guide you in the precious metals investment world. They aim to support you in building a strong financial future.

Goldencrest Metals' Products and Services

GoldenCrest Metals offers many gold and silver items. These meet the needs of new and expert investors. If you want to add gold and silver to your retirement fund, or own physical metals, they can help.

Gold and Silver Coins

Interested in gold and silver coins? GoldenCrest Metals has many options for you. Examples include:

• American Eagle gold and silver coins
• Canadian Maple Leaf gold and silver coins
• Austrian Philharmonic gold coins
• South African Krugerrand gold coins

These coins are known for being pure, historic, and recognized worldwide.

Gold and Silver Bars

Prefer gold and silver bars? They have different sizes for various budgets. Selection includes:

• Gold bars from 1 gram to 1 kilogram
• Silver bars from 1 ounce to 100 ounces

From top refineries, these bars are well-crafted and pure.

IRA-Approved Precious Metals

Looking to add metals to your retirement account? GoldenCrest Metals has IRA-approved gold and silver. This includes coins and bars meeting IRS purity rules.

Some tops IRA-approved metals are:

• American Eagle gold and silver coins
• IRA-approved gold bars and silver bars

They offer many choices to fit what you need. Their expert team can help, no matter your metal investment level.

Get Your FREE Wealth Management Guide from GoldenCrest Metals!

Pros of investing with goldencrest metals.

GoldenCrest Metals is a great choice for those into precious metals. They offer many investment options. Their prices are clear, transactions secure, and service excellent. This makes investing in precious metals easy and safe.

Diverse Product Offerings

GoldenCrest Metals gives you many gold and silver products to choose from. You can get popular coins like the American Eagle. Or, if bars are more your style, they have those too. They also offer metals approved for IRAs, helping you diversify your retirement savings.

Transparent Pricing

One major benefit of investing with GoldenCrest Metals is clear pricing. They don't hide extra fees in their prices, unlike some others. You'll know what you're paying upfront, which helps you make smart investment choices.

Secure Transactions

Investing in precious metals needs secure transactions. GoldenCrest Metals takes this seriously. They use top technology and security to protect your investments. Your information and assets are safe with them.

Educational Resources

If you're new to precious metals, GoldenCrest Metals can help you learn. They offer a Wealth Management Guide and other resources. These will give you the knowledge you need to invest wisely. Their focus on educating customers makes them stand out.

Excellent Customer Service

GoldenCrest Metals is known for its top-notch service. Their team is both knowledgeable and quick to help. Whether you need advice on investments or help with the buying process, they've got your back. This kind of support is key for a successful investment experience.

Cons of Investing with Goldencrest Metals

GoldenCrest Metals is great at making investing in precious metals easy. But, they don't give tax or legal advice. They're experts in precious metal investing, not in taxes or laws. So, for advice on these topics, you'll need to talk to other professionals.

If you invest with GoldenCrest Metals, you might want to get advice from tax and legal aides too. These pros can help you with tax rules, legal issues, and strategies. They work with you on your specific needs.

Doing your homework and talking to experts is key before investing big. GoldenCrest Metals can help get you physical metals and a self-directed IRA. But, they aren't a replacement for tax, legal, or financial advisors.

To get the most out of working with GoldenCrest Metals, remember to:

• Consult with a tax professional to understand the tax implications of buying, selling, and holding precious metals.
• Seek legal advice to ensure compliance with relevant laws and regulations surrounding precious metals investments.
• Work with a licensed financial advisor to develop a comprehensive investment strategy that aligns with your financial goals and risk tolerance.

By working with GoldenCrest Metals and experts in taxes, laws, and finance, your precious metal investments can be more rewarding and less risky.

Limited Time Offer: ZERO Minimum Investment Fee for Gold IRAs!

Customer reviews and feedback.

Thinking about buying precious metals? Consider what folks who already did have to say. GoldenCrest Metals stands out with happy customers. They love the great service, sharp advice, and easy investment way.

In the Non-Bank Financial Service area, GoldenCrest Metals shines with a full 5-star score. People like how clear the prices are and the company's honesty. They also say GoldenCrest Metals offers better deals than others. This makes them a go-to for putting money in metals.

Exceptional Customer Service

GoldenCrest Metals is all about top customer care. Tom, Charles, and John Bolton get a lot of love. They're known for their helpfulness, smart advice, and sticking with folks on their investment ride. Their know-how and support make customers feel sure about their investments.

The company's strong focus on just wow-ing with service has really made an impact. They stand out for being honest and clear, and their prices are hard to beat. By being upfront and helping clients meet their finance aims, they've become a top choice for investing in metals.

Trusted Ratings and Reviews

Look at GoldenCrest Metals' ratings:

• Better Business Bureau: A- rating and 5/5-star rating based on 3 customer reviews
• Trustpilot: 4.0-star rating based on 3 customer reviews
• Yelp: 5-star rating based on 1 customer review

These scores show how well they take care of people's investment wants. Few reviews but they're all good. This proves how much customers love GoldenCrest Metals' service.

When picking a precious metals company, go with one known for doing well. GoldenCrest Metals' happy customers and high scores make them a safe bet. Investing with them feels good and secure.

Conclusion: Is Goldencrest Metals a Reliable Choice for Precious Metals Investing?

After a close look at GoldenCrest Metals, we found they stand out. They are a reliable precious metals dealer and a trustworthy investment partner. They are great for anyone who wants to add gold and silver to their investments. As a reputable gold IRA provider, they have many products and clear prices. They also make sure your transactions are safe. Plus, they share useful info to help you do well with your investments.

GoldenCrest Metals really cares about giving the best service. Just look at their perfect 5-star rating on Trustpilot. And they have lots of happy customer reviews. Their team, including Charles and Tom, is ready to help you understand everything. They make sure you are sure about your investment choices. As a top-rated bullion company, they make buying precious metals for your IRA easy and worry-free.

GoldenCrest Metals may not give tax, legal, or financial advice. But they are experts in physical precious metals investing for your future. They work hard to make you happy with your investments. If you want a sure path to financial safety and mix up your investments, GoldenCrest Metals is a top pick. They are a well-trusted choice for gold and silver investing.

Start Today with ZERO Minimum Investment Fee!

What makes goldencrest metals stand out from other precious metals dealers.

GoldenCrest Metals is well-known for top-notch customer service and a wide variety of products. They offer clear pricing and safe buying. You also get help and learn about investing from experts.

Can I hold physical precious metals in my IRA with GoldenCrest Metals?

Yes, you can. GoldenCrest Metals has IRA-approved gold and silver items. Investing for your retirement is easy and without worry.

What types of gold and silver products does GoldenCrest Metals offer?

They sell many coins like the American Eagle and Canadian Maple Leaf. You can find bars from 1 gram to 1 kilogram too. They're from trusted sources.

How does GoldenCrest Metals ensure the security of transactions?

GoldenCrest uses the latest tech to keep your info safe. So, you can trust your investment is secure.

Does GoldenCrest Metals provide tax, legal, or financial advice?

No, GoldenCrest Metals doesn't give tax or legal advice. Though very good with metal investments, they recommend a pro for money and law help.

What do customer reviews say about GoldenCrest Metals?

Customers love GoldenCrest Metals, giving it a 5-star Trustpilot review. They mention great service and easy IRA investing.

Is GoldenCrest Metals a reliable choice for precious metals investing?

Yes, many believe GoldenCrest Metals is a great choice for metals. Their topnotch service and variety make them a leading name.

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M4 iPad Pro reviews praise what it looks like but not what it does

Just a week after Apple’s Let Loose event, the first reviews of Apple’s new flagship tablets have arrived. And as with all iPad Pros that came before, two things are true: The hardware is incredible, but the software is lacking.

Writing at The Verge , David Pierce calls the M4 iPad Pro “a genuine achievement in tablet design” in the very first sentence. He remarks how the device “feels like a piece of glass in your hand” and it’s so thin that “the USB-C plug I use to charge the 13-inch Pro I’ve been testing is already thicker than the iPad itself.”

Samuel Axon at Ars Technica writes that the iPad Pro is “a prime example of Apple flexing its engineering and design muscles … with one of the best screens I’ve ever seen, performance that few other machines can touch, and a new, thinner design that no one expected.”

Engadget’s Nathan Ingraham calls the iPad Pro “an undeniable feat of engineering” with a thin design that “radically” changes the experience and makes the 13-inch iPad Pro easier to handle. Jason Snell at Six Colors agrees, saying the 13-inch model is “less awkward to hold in one hand now.”

All reviewers praised the OLED screen, with CNET’s Scott Stein saying it is “the display I want in every Pro-level Apple computer, or just every Apple device period.” Blacks and HDR content were particularly praised, with Pierce pointing out that “the letterboxes above and below a video just disappear into the bezel, and photos look much more dynamic.”

Snell writes that watching movies on the M4 iPad Pro is “uniformly great” and “a huge leap from a more traditionally backlit display.” Words like “gorgeous,” “delightful,” and “vibrant” peppered nearly every review and it’s clear that the display is the best reason to upgrade.

The iPad Pro’s display is richer and deeper than that of any tablet Apple has ever made.

Petter Ahrnstedt

Processor and battery life

The M4 processor brings a big boost over the previous model’s M2 and the current M3 in the latest MacBook Airs, but reviewers agree that it’s overkill in an iPad. Stein sums it up best: “It’s hard for me to figure out how to push the M4 in meaningful ways, and that’s because a lot of apps optimized for it aren’t here yet.”

Nevertheless, benchmarks show the chip to be extremely fast, with Geekbench 6 multicore scores of nearly 15,000. That’s better than all but the highest-end M3 Macs on the market, a fact that several reviewers pointed out as somewhat strange, especially since iPadOS is optimized for older chips and doesn’t have many apps to take advantage of such high-end silicon.

Even with extra efficiency cores and an OLED display, battery life for the new iPad Pro is still roughly the same as the M2 model, enough to last all day but less than a MacBook Air. According to YouTuber Dave2D , it actually lasts slightly less than the M2 model, but not enough where anyone would notice.

Apple iPad Pro 13-inch (M4, 2024)

Ultimately, the biggest drawbacks to the new iPad Pros are the same as with every previous model: the high price, and the underpowered software. The new iPads cost $200 more than the M2 models across the board, which Axon and others call “overkill” when other iPads run the same software as every other model which, as Pierce writes, “has let its hardware down for years.” Our colleagues at Macworld Sweden were more succinct, calling iPadOS “lame” and challenging Apple to add features and capabilities to the operating system.

In the end, reviewers agree that the M4 iPad Pro is a stunning piece of technology with cutting-edge hardware that probably won’t be matched for years. But unless money is no object, you’re probably better off with an iPad Air.

Author: Michael Simon , Executive Editor

Michael Simon has been covering Apple since the iPod was the iWalk. His obsession with technology goes back to his first PC—the IBM Thinkpad with the lift-up keyboard for swapping out the drive. He's still waiting for that to come back in style tbh.

Recent stories by Michael Simon:

• Macworld Podcast: M4 benchmarks, stronger iPad Pros, iPadOS 17.5, and more
• Shocking report claims the next iPad Air will have an M3 chip
• Last week’s incredible iPad Air deal is even better today

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Broadcasting Decision CRTC 2024-103

PDF version

References: Part 1 applications posted on 17 November 2022 and on 11 October 2023

Ottawa, 13 May 2024

Corus Entertainment Inc. Toronto, Ontario

Public record: 2022-0946-0

Various English-language television stations and discretionary services – Amendments to conditions of service

On 11 October 2023, Corus Entertainment Inc. (Corus) filed an application asking the Commission to urgently consider two amendments to its conditions of service. Specifically, Corus has requested that the Commission amend certain conditions of service relating to expenditures on programs of national interest (PNI) and Canadian programming expenditure (CPE) under-expenditures for its English-language television stations and discretionary services.

Corus stated that the two requested amendments are crucial in the short-term, and that they will help Corus to continue to make contributions to the broadcasting system. This is an important issue for the Commission to consider, as losing the contributions made by Corus to the system would greatly reduce the options Canadian viewers have for content. Corus is a vital source of local news and local expression through the Global Television Network, and is also the largest provider of independent programming in Canada. The loss of Corus’ contributions would significantly impact the Canadian broadcasting system, which would affect audiences and creators.

In light of the above, the Commission decided to examine on an exceptional basis Corus’ application filed on 11 October 2023.

The Commission considers that this emergency request is reasonable from a regulatory perspective because it is tailored to Corus’ specific circumstances. The requested amendments would benefit the broadcasting system as a whole while the Commission considers the wider context of regulation after the passing of the Online Streaming Act .

Corus is fundamentally different from other large ownership groups, as it is not part of a vertically integrated company that also has distribution assets. Also, Corus’ level of spending on PNI is among the highest of all private English-language ownership groups. Finally, as a result of the 2022 acquisition of Shaw Communications Inc. by Rogers Communications Inc., Corus is no longer associated with a broadcasting distribution undertaking (BDU). This means that Corus no longer benefits from the flexibility afforded to BDUs to devote part of their local expression contribution to the production of local news on local television stations.

The Commission finds that approval of the requested targeted amendments will have no impact on Corus’ overall expenditures on Canadian programming. Any reduction in Corus’ PNI expenditures (which are a subset of CPE) will need to be matched by a corresponding increase in expenditures on other types of Canadian programming.

Consequently, the Commission approves the requests by Corus to amend the conditions of service relating to expenditures on PNI and CPE under-expenditures for its English-language television stations and discretionary services, in order to

• reduce its requirement relating to expenditures on PNI from 8.5% to 5% of the previous broadcast year’s gross revenues; and
• extend the CPE under-expenditure repayment deadline beyond the end of the licence term.

The Commission notes that applications seeking other forms of relief have been filed by other large Canadian broadcasting groups. As explained in this decision as well as in a letter published today, the Commission’s intention is to examine these other requests in the context of Phase 2 of the process to modernize Canada’s broadcasting framework. This includes other aspects of regulatory relief sought by Corus, in addition to the elements addressed in its emergency application.

• Independent broadcasters are important in the broadcasting system as they foster a diversity of voices and support a diversity of programming choices for Canadians, thereby contributing to the achievement of the objectives of the  Broadcasting Act . Corus Entertainment Inc. (Corus) is one such broadcaster.
• Corus’ English-language group operates 29 discretionary services, 15 conventional television stations, and a range of other media and content services. Corus was considered a “related programming undertaking” as it was affiliated with Shaw Communications Inc. (Shaw) until 2022.
• On the issuance of Broadcasting Decision 2022-76 , with the acquisition of Shaw’s broadcasting assets by Rogers Communications Inc. (RCI), the Commission acknowledged Corus as an independent programming undertaking. The Commission further stated in the same decision that this change in Corus’ status could have a significant impact on the Canadian broadcasting industry since Corus became the largest provider of independent programming services in Canada.
• The Commission has the authority, pursuant to subsections 9(1), 9.1(1) and 11.1(2) of the Broadcasting Act , to issue and renew licences and to make orders imposing conditions on the carrying on of a broadcasting undertaking that it considers appropriate for the implementation of the broadcasting policy set out in subsection 3(1) of the Broadcasting Act , and to make orders respecting expenditures. Such authority empowers the Commission to impose or vary spending requirements relating to Canadian programming, including programs of national interest (PNI), Footnote 1 and the terms that apply to such requirements.

Procedural history

• On 17 November 2022, Corus filed an application to amend the broadcasting licences for its English- and French-language television stations and discretionary services. Specifically, for its English-language group of services, Corus requested amendments that would reduce its requirement relating to expenditures on PNI from 8.5% to 5% of the previous broadcast year’s gross revenues and would reduce its Canadian programming expenditure (CPE) requirements from 30% to 25% of the previous broadcast year’s gross revenues. Further, Corus requested that its temporary obligations relating to contributions to FACTOR (for its English-language group of television services) and Musicaction (for its French-language group of television services) be discontinued.
• On 11 October 2023, Corus submitted an application to the Commission in regard to the 17 November 2022 application. It indicated that it did not wish to withdraw its earlier application, but reiterated its request to reduce, for the English-language services of Corus, its requirement relating to expenditures on PNI from 8.5% to 5% of the previous broadcast year’s gross revenues. Further, for those same services, Corus requested that the Commission amend condition of service 12.a. set out in Appendix 2 to Broadcasting Decision 2017-150 in order to extend the CPE under-expenditure repayment deadline beyond the end of the licence term.
• Corus requested that the Commission urgently consider the amendments specified in its 11 October 2023 application. In support of expediting its requested amendments, Corus explained that its operating environment had changed since its original application was submitted in November 2022. In this regard, it stated that factors including strike actions in the film and television industry in the U.S., the ongoing elevated consumer price index inflation, declining profitability, and the loss of annual local expression funds directed to Corus-owned Global television stations by Shaw following the closing of RCI’s acquisition of Shaw Footnote 2 had meaningfully and negatively impacted its financial situation.
• Corus submitted that the amendments requested in its 11 October 2023 application are crucial in the short term for it to continue making its contributions to the broadcasting system, until such time that the Commission renews its broadcasting licences alongside making broader regulatory policy changes relating to its implementation of a new regulatory framework.
• In a letter issued to Corus on 19 October 2023, the Commission expressed the preliminary view that it would be appropriate and in the best interest of the Canadian broadcasting system to amend the conditions of service that apply to Corus’ English-language television stations and discretionary services, as requested in the 11 October 2023 application. In accordance with subsections 9.1(4) and 11.1(7) of the Broadcasting Act , the Commission published the order that it proposed to make regarding the above-noted conditions of service, by appending the proposed order to the 19 October 2023 application. Further, the Commission incorporated that application into the record of the present proceeding and invited interested persons to submit interventions in regard to the proposed order.

Application

• In the present decision, the Commission addresses requests made as part of Corus’ November 2022 application and Corus’ application filed in October 2023, specifically, its requests relating to a reduction in its PNI expenditure requirement and to an extension of the CPE under-expenditure repayment deadline beyond the end of the licence term.
• The Commission is not presently addressing Corus’ requests, set out in the original November 2022 application, relating to reducing its CPE requirements and to its contributions to FACTOR and Musicaction. The Commission intends to consider these remaining requests in the course of a future proceeding during Phase 2 of the process to modernize Canada’s broadcasting framework. It is considering the current application specifically because of Corus’ unique regulatory status and its importance to the broadcasting system. It is the Commission’s view that more regulatory work is required for implementing the Online Streaming Act before it can address other requirements.
• reduce Corus’ requirements relating to expenditures on PNI from 8.5% to 5% of the previous broadcast year’s gross revenues; and
• extend Corus’ CPE under-expenditure repayment deadline beyond the end of the licence term.

Interventions and replies

• The Commission received interventions regarding the regulatory relief requested by Corus in both its November 2022 application and its October 2023 application (including in response to the 19 October 2023 Commission letter, which incorporated the record related to the second application into the record related to the first). These interventions came from the creative sector, broadcasters, unions, public interest associations and several individuals.
• Corus responded to the interventions received in its replies dated 26 June 2023 and 8 November 2023.
• whether Corus’ unique regulatory status and its pressing financial situation provide an adequate basis for the Commission to authorize the requested relief;
• allegations that the requested amendments run counter to an Order in Council relating to various 2017 licence renewal decisions for large English-language private ownership groups;
• an allegation that the proposed order set out in the 19 October 2023 Commission letter was incorrectly drafted;
• allegations of non-compliance relating to Corus’ PNI expenditure requirements; and
• interveners’ requests for additional commitments by Corus relating to the production of local news.

Corus’ unique regulatory status and its financial situation

Positions of parties.

• In addition to the above-noted application by Corus, the Commission received a second Part 1 application from Corus, Footnote 3 as well as Part 1 applications from Bell Media Inc. (Bell), Footnote 4 Quebecor Media Inc. (Quebecor) Footnote 5 and Rogers Media Inc. (Rogers), Footnote 6 all of which are seeking relief from obligations relating to, among other things, expenditures on and/or the exhibition of locally reflective news, local programming, and Canadian programming, or are proposing changes that would have an impact on a number of stakeholders (such as a modification to the definition of PNI). All of these applications have been published for comment on the Commission’s website.
• In their interventions, Bell, Rogers, and Quebecor, on behalf of TVA Group Inc. (TVA Group), noted that the Commission had not yet processed their respective applications for relief regarding requirements relating to PNI expenditures, CPE, expenditures on and exhibition of locally reflective news, or the exhibition of local programming. Quebecor, in particular, expressed its unhappiness that the Commission had not acted quickly in dealing with requests made by the TVA Group. While they supported Corus’ request for relief, they also asserted that their respective applications must also be considered.
• These interveners stated that the broadcasting industry is in crisis; Bell argued that this is a dire situation that is being ignored by the Commission. Along with the Canadian Association of Broadcasters, they submitted that the delay is aggravating their respective economic challenges while adversely impacting their financial health. Rogers considered that the proposed flexibilities recognize what it considers to be the unsustainable financial burden placed on Canadian broadcasters by the current regulatory regime.
• The Writers Guild of Canada (WGC) and the Directors Guild of Canada (DGC) contended that Corus had not provided any evidence to substantiate the approval of its requests on the basis of financial viability. In the WGC’s view, PNI expenditure reductions will not address Corus’ debt ratio in the short term. While the Canadian Media Producers Association (CMPA) acknowledged that Corus’ profits may be down, it indicated, in concert with the DGC and the Association québécoise de la production médiatique (AQPM), that Corus is still profitable. The Alliance of Canadian Cinema, Television and Radio Artists (ACTRA), the AQPM, the Documentary Organization of Canada (DOC), the DGC and the WGC noted that CPE and PNI expenditure policies already incorporate built-in flexibility.
• The Alliance des producteurs francophones du Canada (APFC), the DOC and FRIENDS submitted that the Commission should not grant amendments until it establishes its new regulatory framework regarding contributions to support the Canadian broadcasting system, including Canadian and Indigenous content, that will apply to traditional and online broadcasting services. According to the APFC, the AQPM and the DOC, by entertaining these types of amendments, the Commission would be establishing a dangerous precedent that would result in a flood of similar requests from other Canadian private ownership groups.
• In regard to Corus’ request to extend the CPE under-expenditure repayment deadline beyond the end of the licence term, the DGC indicated that there was no information on the public record regarding Corus’ under-expenditures relating to PNI or CPE, and that it therefore could not assess the impact of Corus’ request. Further, the DGC considered that since the deadline for Corus is set to expire 31 August 2026, the end of its licence term, there is sufficient time for the licensee to pay any CPE shortfalls it may have incurred during the current licence term.
• In its reply, Corus reiterated that the Commission should have regard to its competitive and financial circumstances. It indicated that PNI expenditure requirements predominantly drive negative returns, which reduces cash flow and profitability. Corus added that the PNI expenditure reduction and the under-expenditure flexibility contemplated in the draft order set out in the 19 October 2023 application would enable it to invest in genres that have shorter timeframes for recoupment and provide more cash flexibility to accommodate fluctuating revenues.
• Corus stated that it is no longer in a position to shoulder the same regulatory obligations as it once did, and it cannot wait another two or three years for change. Corus reinforced the challenges that it is facing through revenue, profit and cash flow declines that are reflected in its most recent financial results for the 2022-2023 fiscal year. Footnote 7
• Finally, Corus submitted that private Canadian broadcasters broadly require regulatory relief due to unfair competition and regulatory imbalances with massive international media and technology companies.

Commission’s decisions

• The Commission regulates and supervises the Canadian broadcasting system with a view to implementing the broadcasting policy set out in subsection 3(1) of the Broadcasting Act . Various Commission policies and regulations, along with the conditions of service it imposes on broadcasters, serve to ensure that these policy objectives are furthered. The Commission also has broad discretionary power allowing it to impose regulatory obligations that reflect a situation within the broadcasting system broadly or respond to the circumstances of an individual broadcasting undertaking. This discretion includes the ability to reduce or modify existing regulatory obligations, which allows the Commission to look at Corus’ specific circumstances in this case.
• The Commission recognizes that Corus’ regulatory status is unique. Corus is fundamentally different from Rogers, Bell and Quebecor, as well as from Blue Ant Media Inc. (Blue Ant) and WildBrain Ltd. (WildBrain), a fact that places additional regulatory pressures on Corus. Compared to English-language vertically integrated groups, Corus has the highest PNI expenditure requirement, and yet, compared to the large private independent groups, it is the only broadcaster subject to requirements relating to expenditures on and to the exhibition of locally reflective news and local programming.
• Importantly, Corus is also no longer associated with a broadcasting distribution undertaking (BDU). Consequently, it no longer benefits from the flexibility afforded to BDUs to devote part of their local expression contribution to the production of local news on local television stations. As a result, Corus’ conventional television stations are the only private broadcast news providers without access to allowable local expression funding or to the Independent Local News Fund (ILNF). This places them at a significant disadvantage when compared to vertically integrated and independent local news providers.
• The Commission acknowledged Corus’ independence from Shaw for regulatory purposes in Broadcasting Decision 2022-76 . In that decision, the Commission noted its intention to address Corus’ unique situation as soon as feasible. Since then, the Commission has been implementing its approach to modernizing broadcasting regulation in the wake of significant amendments to the Broadcasting Act . The Commission intends to address supports for independent programmers, including Corus, in due course through these upcoming proceedings.
• Until then, Corus remains independent but without access to key supports for independent programming undertakings, and with elevated requirements relating to PNI expenditures and to spending on and exhibition of news. At the same time, the evidence on the record of this proceeding demonstrates that Corus is under considerable financial strain. Its over-the-air stations experienced a slightly sharper decline in revenues over the last five years than did the rest of the industry. Further, the financial performance of Corus’ stations did not rebound in 2021 from the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic as strongly as did services operated by other licensees and groups. In addition, Corus’ over-the-air stations were significantly more unprofitable than the rest of the industry, with profit before interest and taxes (PBIT) margins ranging from between 9.5 and 21.0 percentage points lower between 2018 and 2022.
• Corus’ financial difficulties are even more apparent in regard to its discretionary services’ operations. After a small increase in revenues in 2019, the 29 discretionary services that form part of the Corus English-language group failed to benefit from the rest of the industry’s modest post-pandemic recovery in the 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 broadcast years, and instead reported declines in revenues for each of those broadcast years. The Commission notes that Corus’ situation becomes even more difficult when considering pre-tax profit and accounting for interest expenses and other adjustments.
• The Commission also examined the audited financial statements for Corus and English-language groups in the English-language television market in order to assess Corus’ financial health. This examination focused on operational cash flows, and intangible asset/goodwill impairments since the beginning of the current licence term (i.e., since the 2017-2018 broadcast year). Footnote 8 The Commission examined cash flows from operating activities, as they best represent the ordinary day-to-day activities of each entity. Corus was the only entity of those examined to show decreases in its cash flows from operating activities during the five years since the 2017-2018 broadcast year, with decreases ranging from approximately $371 million in 2018 to $217 million in 2022. These decreases were further exacerbated in 2023, with Corus’ cash flows from operating activities falling to approximately $123 million (a 43% decrease compared to 2022, and a 67% decrease compared to 2018).
• Finally, the Commission examined impairments in intangible assets and goodwill related to the English-language television sector, such as film and program rights, broadcast licences, and brands. In the five years since the beginning of its current licence term, Corus has recorded over $2 billion in impairment charges related to its television business, which is 2.5 times more than the approximate amount of $800 million written off by the four other comparable companies (Bell, Rogers, Blue Ant and WildBrain) combined. Corus’ cumulative impairment charges since 2018 have increased by $690 million, to approximately $2.7 billion in 2023. Of the compared entities, only WildBrain recorded additional impairment charges in 2023, totalling $42 million. Footnote 9
• In light of the above, the Commission finds that Corus has demonstrated the need for the requested changes to its regulatory requirements. In the Commission’s view, in light of Corus’ unique regulatory status and its particular financial situation, a reduction in its required PNI expenditures would provide it with the flexibility necessary to invest in other types of Canadian programming.
• The Commission also notes that decreasing Corus’ required PNI expenditures would not decrease its overall spending on CPE (PNI expenditures being a subset of CPE). As such, the overall impact on the broadcasting system would be minimal, while allowing Corus to focus on other types of Canadian programming.
• Finally, the Commission finds that allowing Corus to move its CPE under-expenditure repayment deadline to beyond the end of the licence term would provide it with additional time to repay in the next licence term any under-expenditures accumulated in the current licence term. Such additional flexibility would allow Corus to address its current difficult financial circumstances over a longer time period. Given the situation, the Commission finds that such relief is appropriate.
• In light of the above, the Commission finds that it would be appropriate and justified to approve Corus’ requests for regulatory relief in relation to its PNI expenditure requirements and to its CPE under-expenditure repayment deadlines, given Corus’ unique regulatory status and its particular financial situation. The broadcasting system as a whole currently benefits from having Corus as a source of local news and local expression, and as a broadcaster that commissions programming content.

Allegations that the requested amendments run counter to an Order in Council relating to various 2017 licence renewal decisions for large English-language private ownership groups

• In 2017, the Commission issued various decisions in which it renewed the broadcasting licences for the television services of the large English-language private ownership groups, including Corus. In the licence renewal decision for Corus (Broadcasting Decision 2017-150 ), the Commission imposed a condition of licence requiring that 5% of the previous year’s gross revenues of the undertakings that form that group be devoted to the acquisition of or investment in PNI.
• However, by an Order in Council (OIC) dated 14 August 2017, Footnote 10 the Governor in Council referred the above-noted 2017 licence renewal decisions back to the Commission for reconsideration. In this regard, as noted in Broadcasting Decision 2018-335 , the Governor in Council specifically asked the Commission to reconsider aspects of its decisions relating to the renewal of the licences for various television services of English- and French-language ownership groups, including decisions relating to expenditures on PNI. As a result of this reconsideration, the Commission, in that decision, imposed an 8.5% PNI expenditure requirement on Corus.
• Certain interveners submitted that the proposed order set out in the above-noted 19 October 2023 Commission letter contradicts the determinations made as part of the Commission’s 2018 reconsideration of the above-noted licence renewal decisions. In its reply, Corus acknowledged that the OIC was relevant to PNI, but considered that the Commission should not view that OIC as binding, as the Commission maintains discretion in certain areas.

Commission’s decision

• When the Commission issued Broadcasting Decision 2018-335 , it fulfilled the requirements of the OIC to reconsider the matter. The Commission notes, however, that the OIC is not relevant for the current proceeding and, in any event, cannot direct the Commission toward a specific outcome or bind the Commission from further consideration of matters at a later date. In addition, the broadcasting landscape has changed considerably since the issuance of Broadcasting Decision 2018-335 , and the Commission must process each application it receives on its own merits.
• In light of the above, the Commission finds that Corus’ requested amendments do not run counter to the OIC.

Allegation that the proposed order set out in the 19 October 2023 Commission letter was incorrectly drafted

• The CMPA submitted that the proposed order set out in the 19 October 2023 Commission letter was incorrectly drafted. It argued that the extension of the deadline to beyond the end of the licence term that Corus is seeking only applied to CPE under-expenditures, but that the manner in which the proposed order was drafted would make it applicable to both CPE and PNI under-expenditures. In its reply, Corus stated that the requested amendments were to conditions of service that refer to both CPE and PNI expenditures, as PNI expenditures are a subset of CPE.
• The under-expenditure flexibility in question, originally set out in condition of service 12 in both Appendix 2 (Corus’ television services) and Appendix 3 (Corus’ discretionary services) to Broadcasting Decision 2017-150 , cross-referenced both conditions of service 11.a (relating to CPE) and 11.b (relating to PNI expenditures, a subset of CPE). As the condition of service proposed in the 19 October 2023 Commission letter also cross-referenced conditions of service 11.a and 11.b, the Commission confirms that the proposed order as set out in that letter is correct as drafted and applies to both CPE and PNI expenditures.

Allegations of non-compliance relating to Corus’ PNI expenditure requirements

• The WGC, the DOC and the CMPA submitted that Corus is in non-compliance with requirements relating to PNI expenditures. The WGC and the CMPA added that the proposed order set out in the 19 October 2023 Commission letter would “forgive” that non-compliance.
• In its reply, Corus strongly denied being in non-compliance with its obligations relating to expenditures on Canadian programming. It argued that shortfalls in this regard, which are observable in its previous annual returns, are predominantly attributable to production shutdowns related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Corus added that the Commission permitted Canadian broadcasters to make up amounts equivalent to shortfalls over an extended period, with a deadline of 31 August 2023. Finally, it confirmed that the amounts it was required to make up were spent on schedule in accordance with regulations, which included a standard 10% CPE/PNI expenditure under-expenditure allowance for its English-language group.
• Based on its examination of Corus’ annual returns for the current licence term, the Commission confirms that the licensee’s group of English-language services incurred a PNI expenditure shortfall of $7.3 million, or 8.6%, which is within the 10% flexibility permitted by condition of service. Further, Corus posted a surplus of $30.8 million for the 2022-2023 broadcast year in regard to the portion of its PNI expenditures (i.e., 75%) that it must, by condition of service, direct to independent productions. Footnote 11
• While Corus had incurred a CPE shortfall of approximately $65 million (19.3%) by the 2019-2020 broadcast year, a significant proportion of that shortfall ($51.4 million) was incurred during that broadcast year, during which there was a production shutdown between March and June 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. In Broadcasting Decision 2021-274 , the Commission acknowledged the challenges faced by broadcasters in the context of the pandemic and allowed large broadcasters (including Corus) to repay shortfalls incurred during the 2019-2020 broadcast year by 31 August 2023. According to its annual returns, Corus fully repaid this shortfall, and while it reported a CPE shortfall of approximately $24.2 million for the 2022-2023 broadcast year, this amount lies within the parameters of the flexibility afforded to broadcasters with respect to allowable CPE under-expenditures.
• In light of the above, the Commission is satisfied that Corus is operating within the parameters of its condition of service relating to PNI expenditures, as the shortfall falls within the 10% under-expenditure flexibility set out by condition of service.

Additional commitments relating to the production of local news

• According to the Conseil provincial du secteur des communications du Syndicat canadien de la fonction publique (CPSC-SCFP), approval of Corus’ requested decrease to its PNI expenditure requirement would allow it to compensate for the loss of funding following the above-noted acquisition of Shaw by RCI as approved in Broadcasting Decision 2022-76 . The intervener added that this would also allow Corus to maintain its investments in news production by Global news teams in 15 Canadian communities until it becomes eligible to receive ILNF funding. Further, the CPSC-SCFP requested that the Commission require Corus to maintain all of its conventional Global television stations currently in operation, its expenditures tied to the production of news from Global News, and the employment positions in Global’s news rooms.

In each broadcast year of the licence term, excluding the final year, the licensee, in concert with the other undertakings that form the Corus Group, may expend an amount on Canadian programming and/or on programs of national interest that is up to 10% less than the minimum required expenditure for that year calculated in accordance with conditions 11(a) and 11(b), respectively; in such case, the licensee shall ensure that the undertakings that form the Corus Group expend in the next broadcast year of the licence term , in addition to the minimum required expenditure for that year, the full amount of the previous year’s under-expenditure.

• The FRPC expressed support for the proposed order set out in the 19 October 2023 Commission letter, but on certain conditions, for example, that Corus make additional commitments relating to the production of local news and to local television station employment levels regarding newscasts. Unifor also supported the proposed order, under the condition that there are no reductions to Corus’ production of locally relevant programming (specifically local news). The CMPA noted that Corus may be eligible to receive funding from the ILNF.
• In its reply, Corus considered these additional commitments to be redundant and unnecessary given that regularly audited requirements relating to expenditures on locally reflective news and to the exhibition of locally relevant news already apply to Corus’ conventional television stations. While it did not disagree with the CMPA, Corus noted that it is currently the only broadcaster that broadcasts news without access to regulated local expression funding.
• In Broadcasting Regulatory Policy 2016-224 (the Local and Community Television Policy), the Commission established the ILNF to support the production of locally reflective news and information by private independent television stations. The ILNF is funded by mandatory contributions from licensed BDUs. BDUs may also direct a portion of their contributions to local expression (a subset of their required contributions to Canadian programming) to support local news services. Footnote 12 In practice, BDUs have chosen to use that flexibility to support affiliated local television stations. All private conventional television stations that provide locally reflective news and information and that do not belong to a vertically integrated entity are eligible to receive ILNF funding.
• As noted in Broadcasting Decision 2022-76 , although Corus was a separate entity from Shaw, given the connections between the two undertakings, Footnote 13 the Commission had consistently held that Shaw and Corus constituted a single vertically integrated entity.
• Consequently, Corus was not eligible to receive ILNF funding. Instead, it began to receive funding from Shaw during the 2017-2018 broadcast year. From the 2017-2018 to 2022-2023 broadcast year, $73 million was transferred to Corus’ Global over-the-air television stations to support the production of local news programming, for an average of $12 million per broadcast year. Corus’ situation changed following the closing of the transaction approved in Broadcasting Decision 2022-76 . Indeed, RCI started to redirect Shaw’s local expression funding previously received by Corus to its own Citytv stations. In addition, following the transaction, Corus became considered to be independent from any BDU.
• Given its unique situation, and until such time as a broader proceeding can consider the ILNF more holistically, Corus’ stations are currently the only private conventional television undertakings that do not receive funding from either the ILNF or through BDU contributions to local expression. As noted in the Local and Community Television Policy, and reiterated in Broadcasting Decision 2022-76 , all private conventional television stations that provide locally reflective news and information and that do not belong to a vertically integrated group are eligible to receive funding from the ILNF, subject to Commission approval. The Commission has not yet granted such eligibility to Corus for its conventional television stations. Footnote 14
• The Commission acknowledges that its regulatory framework relating to independent programming services was designed to support smaller independent programming undertakings and was not intended to apply to an independent programming undertaking of Corus’ scale. In Broadcasting Decision 2022-76 , the Commission noted concerns expressed by interveners that granting Corus eligibility to the ILNF would result in an overall decrease in their respective share of funding from the ILNF. As such, the Commission set out its intention in that decision to launch a public proceeding as soon as feasible to review the impact of Corus’ new status and the appropriateness of existing mechanisms with respect to independent programming services. Footnote 15
• Accordingly, the Commission finds that it would not be appropriate to impose additional or more stringent news-related obligations on Corus. The Commission is of the view that the amendments granted as a result of the present application will nonetheless help ensure that Corus continues to meet its regulatory obligations with respect to news programming.
• Further, the Commission notes that support for news and local programming will be examined as part of the upcoming Phase 2 proceedings to modernize Canada’s broadcasting framework.
• Finally, the CPSC-SCFP’s proposal to remove the phrase “of the licence term” from Corus’ proposed condition of service is consistent with the Commission’s intention to allow Corus to make up the CPE and PNI under-expenditure amounts beyond its licence term. Accordingly, the Commission has amended that condition of service in the final order to reflect that change.

In accordance with A group-based approach to the licensing of private television services , Broadcasting Regulatory Policy CRTC  2010-167 , 22 March 2010, the licensee shall in each broadcast year devote to the acquisition of or investment in programs of national interest, as defined in paragraphs 71 to 73 of that regulatory policy, a minimum of 5% of the previous year’s gross revenues of the undertaking.

In each year of the licence term,

(a) the licensee, in concert with the other undertakings that form the Corus Group, may expend an amount on Canadian programming and/or programs of national interest that is up to 10% less than the minimum required expenditure for that year calculated in accordance with conditions 11(a) and 11(b) respectively; in such case, the licensee shall ensure that the undertakings that form the Corus Group expend in the next broadcast year, in addition to the minimum requirement expenditure for that year, the full amount of the previous year’s under-expenditure; […]

• As explained in a Commission letter also issued today, it is the Commission’s intention to examine Corus’ requests to reduce its CPE requirement and to examine the above-noted applications by other large broadcasting ownership groups in the context of Phase 2 of the process to modernize Canada’s broadcasting framework.

Secretary General

Related documents

• Notice of hearing – The Path Forward – Working towards a modernized regulatory framework regarding contributions to support Canadian and Indigenous content , Broadcasting Notice of Consultation CRTC  2023-138 , 12 May 2023, as amended by Broadcasting Notice of Consultation CRTC  2023-138-1 , 9 June 2023 (extension to the deadlines for the submission of interventions and of replies), and Broadcasting Notice of Consultation CRTC  2023-138-2 , 1 February 2024 (deadline for the filing of final written submissions)
• Shaw Communications Inc. – Change of ownership and effective control , Broadcasting Decision CRTC  2022-76 , 24 March 2022
• Regulatory relief for private Canadian broadcasters in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic , Broadcasting Decision CRTC  2021-274 , 12 August 2021
• Television services that form part of the Corus group of services – Licence amendments , Broadcasting Decision CRTC  2020-220 , 10 July 2020
• Reconsideration of licence renewal decisions for the television services of large English-language private ownership groups , Broadcasting Decision CRTC  2018-335 , 30 August 2018
• Corus Entertainment Inc. – Licence renewals for English-language television stations and services , Broadcasting Decision CRTC  2017-150 , 15 May 2017
• Policy framework for local and community television , Broadcasting Regulatory Policy CRTC  2016-224 , 15 June 2016
• Definitions for television program categories , Broadcasting Regulatory Policy CRTC  2010-808 , 1 November 2010

This decision is to be appended to each licence.

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[2024] 11 Best Sites to Watch Korean Dramas with English Subtitles

Christine Smith

“How to watch Korean dramas with English subtitles? I am a huge fan of Kdramas, but it is next to impossible to find suitable subtitles for them. Is it possible to view Korean dramas with English subtitles with full episodes online?”

If you’ve been looking to watch Korean dramas but couldn’t find them online, or you didn’t want to go through the hassle of downloading and getting them on your computer, you come to the right post. We’re going to look at some of the most popular drama sites for watching Korean dramas with English subtitles and why it’s better than the others.

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11 best sites to watch korean dramas with english subtitles.

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1. DramaCool

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2. KissAsian

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3. DramaNice

No matter which device you are using, you can easily stream Korean drama shows with English subtitles for free on DramaNice. The interface is user-friendly, and there are a limited amount of pop-ups.

Though the contents of this website are available in the Thai language, Korean dramas still come with English subtitles. Moreover, you can view the latest K shows for free here. However, the UI is a bit outdated.

5. MyAsiaTV

MyAsiaTV is the go-to website for free viewing Korean dramas, shows, and movies. The web interface is smooth, and no ads could disrupt your viewing experience. The site also shares its top picks of the day, week, and month.

You can access the latest Korean shows or dramas with synced English subtitles on the KShow website. Besides, it is free and opens instantly on any device.

7. DramaFeverOnline

DramaFeverOnline is a free site with a multilingual database of subtitles. It also has several Korean series and movies available to be streamed. The web interface is excellent.

8. ViewAsian

This website has a UI pretty close to popular streaming platforms, such as Netflix and Hulu. So you can access all the latest Korean and Japanese shows with English subs here without any hassle. Besides, you can search shows based on genre country and even request the site to stream your favorite Korean content.

9. FixDrama

It is a unique website on which you can watch Korean dramas with subtitles in English for free. Moreover, it’s regularly updated with the latest episodes available.

10. MyDramaList

MyDramaList offers the latest content and a dedicated community forum to share your love for Korean dramas. Also, the site is multilingual and lets you perform an advanced search to access the show you want to watch.

11. KDramaHood

It is another excellent yet straightforward website to access the newly released Korean dramas with English subtitles. You can easily watch the content for free on KDramaHood.

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