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The Role of Agriculture in Economic Development

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The book’s main research focus is the role of the agricultural sector in economic development. This chapter discusses the main theoretical underpinnings of this role based on the extensive body of literature on this subject. The chapter covers both the role of agriculture for economic development and the development of the agricultural sector itself with a focus on the macro-level drivers of agricultural development.

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• Agriculture for development
• Agricultural development

The book’s core research focus is to understand the role that the agricultural sector can play in economic development as well as the role of the agricultural transformation in the broader processes of economic and structural transformation. These processes involve the sectoral shift of output and employment away from low-productive agriculture into more productive activities. They are generally accompanied by a greater diversification of livelihoods both on- and off-farm, stronger rural and urban interaction, and the creation of more employment and investment opportunities outside the agricultural sector (Mellor, 1976 ; Timmer, 1988 ; Jayne et al., 2018 ).

Agriculture for Development

Agricultural and development economics both emerged as sub-fields in the middle of the twentieth century (Arndt, 1987 ; Barrett et al., 2010 ). Since then, the view of the role that agriculture can play in economic development has shifted over time. Early perspectives in the 1950s and 1960s emphasize a largely passive role of the agricultural sector (Lewis, 1954 ; Hirschman, 1958 ; Ranis & Fei, 1961 ; Jorgenson, 1961 ). In this view, agriculture’s contribution to development is to reallocate labor and indirectly contribute to much-needed savings and investments in the modern sector; the sector was mainly regarded as a reservoir of labor and transferable surplus. This was followed by research that further downplayed the role of agriculture in economic development based on the core concept of the Prebisch–Singer thesis, suggesting deteriorating terms of trade for primary products in relation to industrial goods (Singer, 1950 ; Prebisch, 1959 ; Preobrazhensky, 1965 ).

The mid-1960s saw a shift toward viewing agriculture as a potential engine of growth. This change in perspective followed the contributions of Johnston and Mellor ( 1961 ) on how agriculture can contribute to growth in the overall economy through various linkages (labor, food, foreign exchange, market, and domestic savings). In the 1980s, the view shifted again, this time toward an industrial focus. This tendency was followed by several studies in the 1990s and early 2000s, arguing that agricultural growth stems from, rather than leads to, overall growth (Estudillo & Otsuka, 1999 ; Gardner, 2000 ; Mundlak et al., 2004 ). However, since around 2005, the view that agricultural growth can drive overall growth has resurfaced. This perspective is exemplified by the 2008 World Development Report on agriculture (World Bank, 2007 ) and the signing of the Maputo Declaration in 2003, in which all African leaders of state committed to dedicating at least 10% of public spending to agriculture (AGRA, 2018 ).

Four main theoretical schools of thought can be identified as having influenced the shifting debate outlined above (see Andersson & Rohne Till, 2018 for an elaborated discussion). First, according to the “fifth wheel” school, agriculture is not by itself seen to stimulate economic development, although it might stifle the process if neglected (Lewis, 1954 ; Ranis & Fei, 1961 ; Jorgenson, 1961 ). Second, the Chicago school emphasizes rationality and anti-distortions, led by the work of Schultz ( 1964 ) and his followers (e.g., Krueger et al., 1988 , 1991 ; Anderson, 2009a , 2009b ). The third main school of thought focuses on the role of agriculture in trade; agriculture is seen as either a break (Prebisch, 1959 ) or an injection (Myint, 1958 ). The fourth school of thought views agriculture as a potential driver of growth. One strand of this diverse school of thought has its roots in structural change analysis, understanding the relative decline of agriculture in the process of long-term economic growth (Clark, 1940 ; Kuznets, 1961 , 1966 ; Chenery & Syrquin, 1975 ). A related strand emphasizes agricultural growth’s potential to strengthen the domestic market, thereby stimulating aggregate growth. Adelman ( 1984 ) explicitly theorizes this mechanism in her development of the concept of agricultural demand-led industrialization (ADLI).

The agriculture-for-development view has been a prominent perspective on the role of agriculture in economic growth since around 2005. While agriculture’s role in stimulating growth and reducing poverty has also been questioned during this time (Ashley & Maxwell, 2001 ; Hasan & Quibria, 2004 ; Ellis, 2004 ; Collier & Dercon, 2009 ), agriculture’s contribution to economic growth has much support in the economic history of today’s high-income countries in Europe and East Asia (Ohkawa & Rosovsky, 1960 ; Bairoch, 1973 ; Johnston & Kilby, 1975 ; Timmer, 1988 ; Lains & Pinilla, 2009 ). A core assumption of the agriculture-for-development perspective is that farmers in low-income countries, often working small plots, can be efficient producers capable of generating a surplus that can benefit the wider economy (Mellor, 1976 ; Lipton, 2005 ; World Bank, 2007 ; Diao et al., 2010 ). As such, increasing the productivity of these small farmers is a key concern. In addition to increases in agricultural productivity among farmers, a thriving rural nonfarm sector and diversification toward higher-productivity crops are also important elements of success. However, while the rural nonfarm sector can be a productive outlet, it is also a very diverse sector, including petty and under-capitalized activities with very low returns to labor and also productive activities that are better rewarded. The nature of the sector is likely linked to the dynamism of agriculture and the general economy (Wiggins et al., 2018 ).

The concept of ADLI is of special importance for the current research, given the connection between Adelman’s academic concept of ADLI and Ethiopia’s implementation of ADLI. Drawing on Singer ( 1979 ), Adelman ( 1984 ) developed ADLI as a development strategy emphasizing the importance of agricultural growth in stimulating overall production and growth. Under ADLI, agricultural growth arising from increased agricultural productivity (stemming, in turn, from increased rural investment and technological innovation) stimulates aggregate growth; agricultural growth increases farmers’ incomes, which generates demand for locally produced non-tradable products. This farm demand for domestic non-tradables is the main link between agricultural growth (raising farmers’ incomes) and nonagricultural growth.

Empirically, ADLI was first tested in Adelman’s ( 1984 ) seminal paper, in which she simulated growth scenarios comparing an export-led (in essence, manufacturing-led) industrialization strategy and ADLI, for South Korea in 1963. She found that while both strategies would generate growth, ADLI would lead to better overall development compared to export-led growth, as ADLI led to higher labor absorption, more equal distribution of income, less poverty, and a higher rate of per capita economic growth (Adelman, 1984 , p. 939). These results mainly stemmed from the linkages generated by the agricultural sector that were stronger than those generated outside of agriculture, as farm households demanded more goods and services from domestic food and nonfood industries than other households. In the simulations, the same amount of investment was channeled into the export sector or the agricultural sector. This led Adelman to conclude that ADLI at some stages of development both generated better economic development and yielded a higher rate of return, and should therefore be prioritized. Other studies that have explicitly tested ADLI include Vogel ( 1994 ) and Bautista et al. ( 1999 ). Moreover, much of the work on calculating agricultural multipliers and linkages (as summarized by Haggblade et al., 2007 ) shares a similar rationale as Adelman’s study. Overall, this literature finds that an ADLI strategy can contribute considerably to overall economic growth.

Adelman’s ADLI strategy was intended to be an alternative development strategy for low-income countries. However, Adelman did not claim that ADLI was always the right choice for this type of countries. Instead, the strategy mainly targets countries that have (1) a potentially large domestic market and (2) an industrial base with established supply responsiveness. Adelman and Vogel ( 1991 ) explored the implications of these criteria for successful ADLI implementation in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). They found that while agriculture has relatively strong linkages in SSA, most countries do not fulfill the second criteria of established supply responsiveness (because the manufacturing production capacity is quite limited, many types of consumer goods are not produced domestically, and most intermediates and machinery are imported). Therefore, they concluded that an ADLI strategy was unlikely to be successful in most SSA contexts. Thirty years later, it seems that the Ethiopian implementation of ADLI may be proving their pessimistic predictions wrong.

Agricultural Development

As the realization of agriculture for development depends on agricultural growth, this section provides a brief contextualization of the literature on agricultural development. The literature on the drivers and features of agricultural change is vast, and much important work has been done on the subject in the post-war era (Barrett et al., 2010 ). In general, the macro-level conditions needed for agricultural development are well-known: a reasonably stable macro-economic and political environment, effective technology transfer, and product and factor markets that are functional and accessible (Mosher, 1966 ; Tsakok, 2011 ). However, these insights do not allow for a specific understanding of how on-the-ground, micro-level change is engendered. Agriculture is, in essence, a private activity undertaken by millions of individual actors (Mellor, 2018 ). Therefore, village-level studies and analyses of localized production systems are needed to get closer to an understanding of what drives agricultural production and productivity increases (Wiggins, 2000 ; Andersson Djurfeldt & Djurfeldt, 2013 ).

However, while agriculture is a predominantly private activity taking place at the micro-level, the success of individual farmers is conditioned by public and macro-level forces. Agricultural growth—and its potential benefits—depends on favorable developments in the economic and political environment, technology transfer, and product and factor markets. The literature on what drives these conditions is large, and at least four major drivers are proposed in the literature: factor relations (Binswanger & Ruttan, 1978 ; Hayami & Ruttan, 1971 , 1985 ), population dynamics (Boserup, 1965 ), technology availability (Otsuka & Kijima, 2010 ; Estudillo & Otsuka, 2013 ; Otsuka & Muraoka, 2017 ), and the state (Djurfeldt et al., 2005 ; Hazell, 2009 ; Henley, 2012 ; Frankema, 2014 ). This book is particularly concerned with the strand of the literature on macro-level agricultural development concerning the role of the state, as elaborated on in Chap. 3 . However, this focus should not be seen as a quest to identify one single driver of agricultural growth. Such a quest would be futile, as the process is much too complex, and multiple factors both drive growth and affect each other. The macro-level forces of agricultural change are not substitutes; in any context of agricultural change, the state, factor and product markets, technology, and population dynamics are complements that act and react in the same environment.

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Rohne Till, E. (2022). The Role of Agriculture in Economic Development. In: Agriculture for Economic Development in Africa. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07901-6_2

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Incentives, risk, and the role of private investments in Louisiana coastal wetland restoration , cheikhna Ould Dedah

Off-farm labor supply by farm operators and spouses: a comparison of estimation methods , Mahesh Pandit

Determination of the economic optimal cycle length for major sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) varieties in Louisiana , Juan Steer Nunes

Dissertations from 2009 2009

Three essays on environmental issues associated with broiler production in Louisiana , Nirmala Adhikari Devkota

The expansion and diversification of the export sector and economic growth: the Costa Rican experience , Gustavo Filipe Canle Ferreira

Remittances, foreign direct investment and economic growth in Latin America and the Caribbean , Pablo Antonio Garcia-Fuentes

Essays on environmental issues associated with the diary production region in Louisiana , Larry Michael Hall

Three essays on the world rice market: a structure, conduct, and performance paradigm approach , Hyunsoo Kang

An analysis of government policy impacts in the ethanol and sugar markets , Hassan Marzoughi_Ardakani

Biophysical economic analysis of nutrient and sediment management practices in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley , Augustus Nyako Matekole

The economic importance and management of mercury contamination in pelagic fisheries , Tina Marie Willson

An analysis of the impact of the EU sugar policy reform on ACP countries: a quota market framework , Liliane Kiswendsida Zoungrana

Theses from 2008 2008

Antidumping investigation in agriculture: issues of trade diversion-named vs non-named countries , Nandini Bandyopadhyay

Spatial economics of the Louisiana wetland mitigation banking industry , Ryan Joseph Bourriaque

Estimating the economic impacts of hurricane damage on coastal fishing infrastructure , Tanza Erlambang

Three papers on the behavior modeling of the shrimp fishermen in the Gulf of Mexico , Tao Ran

Analysis of the impact and importance of re-wholesalers in the ornamental market , Marco Absalón Velástegui

Theses from 2007 2007

An economic evaluation of sugarcane combine harvester costs and optimal harvest schedules for Louisiana , Francis Gil Barker

Modeling the EU-US cereal trade - the post 'Agenda 2000' analysis , Sachin Chintawar

Record-keeping systems adoption by Louisiana dairy farmers , Elisabeth Grisham

Liability, institutions, and determinants of landowner access policies for fee-based recreation on private lands , James Emery Henderson

Best Management Practices adoption rates and alternative land usage among Southwest Louisiana rice producers , Heidi Landry

Analysis of the impact of fish imports on domestic crawfish prices and economic welfare using inverse demand systems , Young-Jae Lee

An analysis of the processor preferences for the adoption of potential crawfish peeling machines , Darius J. Lewis

Analyzing the cost of harvesting and the economic structure of Florida grouper fishery , I. Cristian Nedelea

An Analysis of the World Shrimp Market and the Impact of an Increasing Import Base on the Gulf of Mexico Dockside Price , Pawan Poudel

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UKnowledge > Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment > Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering > Theses & Dissertations

Theses and Dissertations--Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering

Theses/dissertations from 2024 2024.

Precision Application of Water to Equine Racing Surfaces , Sydney Rae Cannon

Implications of Nanopesticides on Downstream Wetland Ecosystems , Kiley Power

WETLAND TREATMENT SYSTEMS FOR MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER AT A BOURBON DISTILLERY AND POTENTIAL VALUE OF INCORPORATING STILLAGE FOR WATER TREATMENT ENHANCEMENT , Katherine J. Ristola

The Characterization, Assessment, and Shear Strength of Turfgrass Soil in North American Thoroughbred Racing , Peter Schmitt

Development of Lignin Derived Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents as Sustainable Solvents and Their Applications , Yuxuan Zhang

Theses/Dissertations from 2023 2023

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF AIR CLASSIFICATION AS A SULFUR MITIGATION TECHNOLOGY IN PINE RESIDUE FEEDSTOCKS , Ashlee Edmonson

IMPACT OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND DISTILLATION PARAMETERS ON THE BIOMETHANE POTENTIAL OF BOURBON STILLAGE , Danielle Hockensmith

APPLYING HERMETIC STORAGE AND MULTIPLE ABIOTIC-STRESSED GERMINATIONS TO ACTUATE DESIRABLE EFFECTS IN WHEAT PHYTOCHEMISTRY, FOOD, AND BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONALITIES , Bababode Kehinde

UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS FOR PRECISION METEOROLOGY: AN ANALYSIS OF GNSS POSITION MEASUREMENT ERROR AND EMBEDDED SENSOR DEVELOPMENT , Karla S. Ladino

A PROCESS INTENSIFICATION APPROACH TO IMPROVE VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS PRODUCTION, EXTRACTION, AND VALORIZATION , Can Liu

Densification of Hemp Floral Biomass Pre and Post-Extraction: Determination of Pellet Physical Characteristics , Gary Lopez

Improving Indoor Arenas for the Equine Industry , Staci McGill

Nanopesticide Influence on Nitrogen Cycling in Soils , Jacob Richardson

FATE AND TRANSPORT OF NANOPESTICIDES IN AGRICULTURAL FIELD PLOTS IN CENTRAL KENTUCKY , William D. Rud

Fate and Transport of Emerging Contaminants Entering, Leaving, and Flowing Past Wastewater Treatment Plants in Central Kentucky , Kyra Sigler

Microalgae Immobilization with Filamentous Fungi: Process Development for Sustainable Food Systems , Suvro Talukdar

Theses/Dissertations from 2022 2022

The Response of Beef Cattle to Disturbances from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) , Gabriel Abdulai

EXPLORATION OF LIGNIN-BASED SUPERABSORBENT POLYMERS (HYDROGELS) FOR SOIL WATER MANAGEMENT AND AS A CARRIER FOR DELIVERING RHIZOBIUM SPP. , Toby Adjuik

Classifying and Mapping Aquatic Vegetation in Heterogeneous Stream Ecosystems Using Visible and Multispectral UAV Imagery , Rozalia Agioutanti

USING STREAM RESTORATION TO MITIGATE STORMWATER RUNOFF IN AN URBAN WATERSHED: A CASE STUDY , Jonathan M. Brantley

SEDIMENT NITROGEN DYNAMICS IN BACKWATER WETLAND CONFLUENCES OF A REGULATED RIVER , Gina DeGraves

Nondestructive Multivariate Classification of Codling Moth Infested Apples Using Machine Learning and Sensor Fusion , Nader Ekramirad

Assessing Machine Learning Utility in Predicting Hydrologic and Nitrate Dynamics in Karst Agroecosystems , Timothy McGill

LIGNIN VALORIZATION VIA REDUCTIVE DEPOLYMERIZATION USING PROMOTED NICKEL CATALYSTS AND SUB- AND SUPERCRITICAL METHANOL , Julia Parker

IMPLICATIONS TO TAP AND STREAM WATER CHEMISTRY DUE TO VARIATIONS IN SAMPLING LOCATIONS AND WATERSHED LAND USE , Dayana Rodriguez

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Testing Monetary Neutrality with Respect to Relative Prices Using Divisia M4, Akoto, Evans.

Trade Disruption and Commodity-Program Payments: A Panel Garch Model, Asante, Bismark.

Improved Monte Carlo Simulation in the Presence of Outliers Using Labeling and Bayesian Averaging, Dadson, Kwabena.

The Effect of Shale Energy Activity on U.S. House Values, Dunn, Johnny.

International GRain Origin Switching: Contract Washouts and Embedded Switching Options, Hauck, Caleb.

The Spillover of US Monetary Policy on EU Agricultural Prices: A Panel VARX Analysis, Roy, Mishuk.

Improved Value-at-Risk (VaR) Forward Curve Projection Using Non-Parametric Option Pricing Models, Okoto, Edna .

Farm Operator Preferences Regarding Site-Specific Weed Management Adoption, Schwarzrock, Devon.

Applications in Harnessing the Power of Behavioral Nudge Theory, Tasnim, Ayesha.

Factors Influencing the Purchase Price of Non-Urban Land, Addom, Elias.

Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on Rural Health Infrastructure: Evidence From the 2020 Meatpacking Plant COVID 19 Outbreak, Adorkor, Edmund.

Short-Term Factors Influencing Export Corn Basis Values in the Pre-and Post-COVID Periods: A Comparison of Econometric and Machine Learning Approaches, Bullock, Shaina.

Endogenous Economic Freedom, Dubovoy, Isaac.

Systemic Risks, Farm Program Payments, and Farm Income, Efeti, Annie.

A Heuristic Agent-based Model of the Market as a Distributed Genetic Algorithm, Johnson, Zach.

Criminal Behavior During Electricity Blackouts: Evidence from Load Shedding in Cape Town, South Africa, Munkaila, Lambongang.

Did North Dakota's Property Tax Relief Program Decrease Educational Efficiency? , Mensah, Dorothea.

Supply Chain Risks and Disruptions in Grain Exporting , Nendick, Ryann.

The Effect of Fare-Free Transit Policy on Transit Demand and Community Economic Indicators: A Panel Data Analysis , Ofosu-Kwabe, Kenneth.

Protein Premiums in Hard Red Spring Wheat: A Comparison of Econometric and Machine-Learning Approaches, Ogunjemilua, Oluwafemi David.

A Meta-Analysis of Studies Addressing the Impact of GBH on Human and Animal Health and the Environment , Barnor, Kodjo. 

Reservoir Recreation Analysis: The Effect of Reservoir Management Agency on Recreation Participation , Boateng, Mary.

Impacts of The COVID-19 Pandemic on Housing Markets , Chowdhury, Tuhinur.

Natural Disasters, Institutions, and Economic Recovery: Longterm Effects of Hurricane Katrina , Clark, Corbin.

Effect of Contract Attribute Levels on Willingness to Participate in a Working Wetland Program , Coffield Haley.

The Effect of Rate-Setting Methods on U.S. Commercial Airport's Credit Ratings , Golkar, Bahareh.

Farmers’ Preference to Precision Ag Data Management: A Choice Experiment , Idowu, Abiodun.

Economic Benefits of Investing in Precision Agriculture Technologies , Jahan, Mohsina.

Economics of Site-Specific Weed Management: A Partial Budgeting Approach , Jensen, Conner.

Decision Tree and Real Options to Value Agtech Startup Growth Decisions , Kallman, Dylan.

Mapping The Unconventional Monetary Policy of FED with Financial Market , Sen Gupta, Proma.

Efficiency, Concentration, Biosecurity, and Integration in Chinese Pork Production , Tian, Yongxia (Amanda).

Analysis of State Adoption of Numeric Water Quality Standards , Tseklu, Dorcas.

India's Ethanol Import Demand: A Structural Model Approach , Aaron, Michael.

Global Impact of the U.S.-China Trade War in Agricultural Sector, Adom, Enoch.

Business Risk, Financial Risk, and Liquidity Management on U.S Farms – Evidence from Midwest States , Allahverdiyev, Emin.

Ex-Ante Temporal Optimization in Soybean Origination: An Overdetermined Approach Through Deep Learning , Carlson, Noah.

Marijuana Legalization Effect on Opioid Abuse: A Synthetic Control Approach , Denkyirah, Elisha.

Ethanol Policy, Commodity Revenue, and Import Quantity Demand: The United States and Brazil , Diffely, Bree.

Optimization of Coverage Ratios for Basis and Freight Trading Portfolios , Kroll, Adam.

Income and Price Effect on Bilateral Trade and Consumption Through Expenditure Channel: A Case of Chickpea , Owusu Ansah, Michael.

The Effect of Property Tax Relief on K-12 Education Spending in North Dakota , Nichols, Kole.

Home Purchase Restriction Impact on House Prices , Kangxin, Sun.

The United States and Brazil - Spatial and Logistical Interdependence for Soybean Shipments to China , Scheresky, Gwen.

Real Options for Agriculture Technology: A Venture Capital Valuation Approach , Vetsch, Lee.

Rice Variety Choice and Subsidy Effects on Market Share , Zwinger, Jeremy.

Valuing Origin Switching Options Using Monte Carlo Simulation , Hanson, Cole.

Modeling the Impacts of Changing Agricultural Patterns on Rainfall and Temperature in North Dakota , Nuworsu, Eugene.

The Impacts of Cost-reducing Technology in the Gold and Oil Industries , Simonson, Mark.

Soybean Quality and Market Factor Influence on North Dakota Origin Basis Values , Thompson, Ryan.

The title of the defense is Risk Perception, Bias, and Resistance fo New Food Technology: The Case of GMOs , Wanlass, Michael.

Precision Agriculture Technology Adoption and Usage in North Dakota , Cossette, Max.

Interest Rate and Commodity Price Impacts on Farm-Level Financials , Denk, Ann.

The Role of Politically Linked Agricultural Policy and Trade on the Performance of Turkish Agriculture , Ergun, Ekrem.

Trade in CRISPR/Gene-Edited Wheat: A Partial Equilibrium Analysis , Fosu, Prince.

The Effects of Futures Markets on the Spot Price Volatility of Storable Commodities , Goetz, Cole Louis, April.

Optimal Inventory Strategy Under Risk: A Contingent Claims Approach,  Klebe, Jesse, April.

Investing in United States Farmland: A Capital Asset Pricing Model Analysis , Messner, Bryce.

The Role of Trade Facilitation Indicators and Genetically Engineered Restrictive Index on U.S. State Exports and Efficiency,  Addey, Kwame, April .

Bidding Competition and Supply Chain Risk in Soybean Exports , Bisbee, Seth, November.

Economic Efficiency of Occupational Health and Safety Investiments at Agricultural Cooperatives,  Kankanamge, Thilani, June.

The impact of the African Growth and Opportunity Act on Sub-Sahara African value added agricultural exports, Mwagura, Joseph

Comparing Genetic Modification and Genetic Editing Technologies: Minimal Required Acreage , Neadeau, Joseph, November.

Estimating the Economic Benefits of Automatic Section Control in the North Dakota Prairie Pothole Region,  Rahman, Baishali, May.

How Diversified is our Market Indices? Application of Machine Learning and Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM ), Sakouvogui, Kekoura.

Yield Efficiency Using a Stochastic Frontier Approach for Corn, Soybeans, and Hard Red Spring Wheat in North Dakota , Badarch, Bayarbat, March.

A Study of North Dakota Crop Basis Volatility: A Mixed Model Approach to Temporally and Spatially Analyze Unobserved Basis Determinants , Mobarok, Mohammad, April.

China's Urban Household Food Consumption, Nutrition, and Health , Wang, Yan, April.

Real Option Analysis of Primary Rail Contracts in Grain Shipping , Landman, Daniel, April.

Determinants for Biofuel Policies in the Americas , Weisser-Gomez, Franco, July.

Charitable Donations , Gamage, Danindu, August.

An Analysis of Financial Risk Measures within Agricultural Cooperatives , Schweiss Kristi, September.

Economic Freedom and Philanthropy , Pritchard, Ian, October.

Optimization of Soybean Buying Strategies Using Derivatives , Moody, Nathaniel, December.

Determining Farmers' Preferences for a Working Wetlands Program , Addo, Nana, May.

V aluation of Licensing Agreements in Agriculture Biotechnology , Churchill, Jason, May.

Rail Car trip transit time and the effects on grain trading company profits , Gesme, Nathaniel, April.

Effect of Abnormal Loan Growth on U.S. Credit Union Performance , Han, Dahye, April.

Minimum Cost Beef Backgrounding Ration Utilizing Alternative Feedstuffs & Stochastic Prices , Helmuth, Levi, December.

Hedging Default and Price Risks in Commodity Trading , Kimura, Norifumi, November.

Hispanics Immigrants on the Fields: Is Discrimination a Barrier to Get Non-agricultural Jobs? , Lopez Barrera, Emiliano, June.

Measures of Bank Performance, Liquidity Risk and Their Relationship with Farm Income Volatility , Olek, Caitlin, August.

Comparative Analysis of the Profit Risk in the Cultivation of Energy , Wijesinghe, Asanka, April.

Understanding Changes in the Distribution of House Prices in Beijing, China , Yi, Yimin, June.

Effect of Economic Freedom on Social Capital: Panel Evidence from U.S. Contiguous States , Kyaw Min Maw, Aka, April.

Dhingra, Neeraj, May.

Costs and Risks of Testing and Blending for EAA in Soybean , Heartsgaard, David, June.

Effect of Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Protection on Airfares in the U.S. Domestic Airline Industry , Malalgoda, Narendra, November.

Risk Balancing in the Banking Sector , Hulinsky, Nathan, December.

Impact of trade openness on technical efficiency: Agricultural sector of the European union , Hart, Jarrett, January.

North Dakota banking efficiency: A DEA application to agricultural and non-agricultural banks pre- and post-financial crisis 2002-2012 , Froelich, Samantha, April.

The impact of the Panama Canal expansion on U.S. soybean exports , Gallagher, Brian, April.

Determining the optimal commodity and hedge ratio for cross-hedging jet fuel , Turner, Peter, May

The Effects of Exchange Rate on Bilateral Trade Between the United States and South Korea,  Lee, Dasul, October.

Applying serf analysis to rank procurement strategies for a North Dakota green field pea processor,  Sanderson, Bryant, October.

A historical analysis of natural gas demand , Dalbec, Nathan, November.

Estimating U.S. residential demand for fuelwood in the presence of selectivity , Daly, Ryan, November.

Survival analysis of foreclosures by housing and neighborhood characteristics,  Dias, Resha, November.

Effect of Deregulation and Off-Balance Sheet Activities on the X-Efficiency of U.S. Credit Unions , Hossain, Md. Daulat, November.

A multivariate approach to forecasting dairy imports,  Laufmann, Regina, November.

Regional Differences in Beverage and Fruit Consumption in China , Wu, Xiaotian, November.

Determinants of Capital Structure in Agricultural Cooperatives in North Dakot a, Shang, Ran, March.

Adolescent Food Consumption in Urban China: Factors Influencing BMI and School Meals , Anfinson, Carl, April.

ChangMin, Kim, April.

Risk Management Strategies for Commodity Processors , Chen, Songjiao, May.

Food Away From Home Consumption in Urban China: Household Composition and Dining Location Effects , Liu, Haiyan, June.

Switching options: The value of flexibility provided by geographical diversification , Johansen, Stephan, July.

Intermarket trading strategies and risk , Skadberg, Kristopher, July.

D eveloping A Model to Value Germplasm Using Real Options , Simonson-Paschke, Marit, July.

Evaluating the Role of Trade Openness and Trade Openness Risk on Agricultural Production Technical Efficiency: An Empirical Analysis of Sub-Saharan African Countries , Erjok, Erjok, October.

North Dakota Banking Efficiency: A DEA Application to Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Banks Pre- and Post-Financial Crisis 2002-2012 , Froelich, Samantha Ann, November.

A Study on Factors Affecting U.S. Bilateral Trade with Her Major Trading Partners, Cho, Won Joo, May.

A Study on Consumers' Purchasing Intention According to Message Frame Regarding Food Safety Issues, Han, Dae Hee, June.

Effects of Winter Weather Risk on the Profitability of Beef Feedlots in North Dakota, Armbrust Shae, BillieJo, November.

Filling in Missing Values in the North Dakota Land Valuation Model, Laufmann, Laura, November.

The Relationship Between Water Pollution and Economic Growth Using the Environmental Kuznets Curve: A Case Study in South Korea, Choi, Jaesung, November.

Transporting and Disposing of Wastewater from North Dakota Oil, Yin, Qingqing, December.

2011: U.S. Bilateral Trade with its Major Trading Partners and Russia,  Belousova, Valentina, February.

Oberholtzer, Daniel, February. Contribution of Public Investments and Innovations to Total Factor Productivity,  Glazyrina, Anna, March. Accounting for Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Toxic Air Pollutants in Trucking, Efficiency and Productivity,  Heng, Yan, March . The Effect of Food Safety and Quality on the Consumption and Price of Meat in Beijing, China , Shang, Xia, March.

Van Winkle, Andrea, October 2010 : Creating a Transportation Strategy for North Dakota Exporters,  Goldade, Ashley Lynn, May. Globaliztion and Obesity , Liogier, Anais, November. The Effect of Export Promotion Programs on Establishing Export Markets , Och, Nathan Ronald, April. Grains, Trains and Aqua-Mobiles , Ritteman, Thomas Arthur, May. 2009: The Effects of Ethanol Policy on Cattle Production,  Braun, Dane Curtis, November . The Effect of Lender-Imposed Sweeps on an Ethanol Firm's Ability to Invest in New Technology , Fewell, Jason Edward, July. A Stochastic Simulation of the North Dakota Ethanol Production Incentive , Kurth, Andrew Hamilton, May. Valuing and Pricing of Random & Non-Persistent Genetically Modified Traits (Corn & HRSW),  Shakya, Sumadhur, August. Price Recovery, Productivity, and Contributors of Railroad Profitability, 1996-2007 , Shi, Xiao Feli, December. The Impacts of Expected Structural Changes in Demand for Agricultural Commodities in China and India on World Agriculture , Tangen, Alyssa, December. 2008:

Examination of North Dakota's Production, Cost, and Profit Functions: A Quantile Regression Approach , Marroquin, Jacklin Beatriz, December.

Productivity Growth in the U.S. Trucking Industry , Condon, Steven, May.

Time-Varying Estimation of Crop Insurance Program in Altering North Dakota Farm Economic Structure , Chow-Coleman, Jane Amy, December. The Valuation of Agricultural Biotechnology: The Real Options Approach , Flagg, Ian Marshall, May. Impact of Agriculutral Productivity Changes on Agricultural Exports , Gurung, Ananda Bahadur, December. Impact of Climate Change and Weather Variability on North Dakota Agriculture , Mayom, Chol Permina, November. Logistic Strategies for an Herbaceous Crop Resideu-based Ethanol Production Industry: An Application to Northeastern North Dakota , Middleton, Jason Enil, December. Impact of Economic, Political, and Socio-Demographic Factors on the Parliamentary Election Outcomes in Central and Eastern European Countries , Zhelo, Inessa, November.

A Game Theory Analysis of Firm Reaction to External Organizational Demands: The Case of Animal Welfare Standards , Tzul, Sheril Sherine, December.

An Econometric Analysis of Cost Changes in U.S. Trucking and the Implications of Implementing the NAFTA Trucking Provisions , Peterson, Erica Kay, April.

An Empirical Analysis of U.S. Foreign Direct Investment and Exports of Processed Food Industries , Haque, Mohua, November.

A Reference Price Model of Sugar Consumption with Implications on Obesity , Effertz, Cary Marshall, April.

Economic Feasibility of Producing Ethanol from Dry Pea and Corn as Feedstock in North Dakota: A Risk Perspective , Goel, Abhishek, December.

Factors Influencing Potato Production in North Dakota , Roberson Zetina, Zoe Taryn Margaux, May.

How U.S. Agriculture Adjusts to Energy Price Changes , Gong, Jian, May.

Identifying Beneficial Attributes of Water Management Organizations,  Kritsky, Craig Charles, August.

Pricing Genetically Modified Output Traits and Effects on Competing Technologies , Johnson, Adam Michael, May.

The Impact of Multilateral Trade Association Membership on Agricultural and Food Trade , McKoy Shahera Diane, December.

An Economic Assessment of Genetic Information: Leptin Genotyping of Breeding Cattle , Mitchell, Jay Douglas, October.

Case Studies in Farm Management , Jodock, Karl Nelson, September.

Determining and Evaluating Cost-Effective Food Safety Risk Reduction Strategies at Retail Meat Facilities , Lehrke, Linda, November.

Identifying Market Preferences for High Selenium Beef , Hovde, Scott Curtiss, December.

Interdependency of Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth: Evidence From the Developing Countries of Asia , Aravindhakshan, Sijesh Chavarattil, November.

Optimal Grain Production and Distribution in China,  Huang, Fengqin, April.

Private and Social Costs of Hazardous Material Transportation: A Model for Anhydrous Ammonia Distribution in North Dakota , Zimanski, Michael Robert, May.

Spatial Price Effects of the Adoption of Moderate Scab Resistant Hard Red Spring Wheat Varieties , Motuba, Diomo, May.

The Effects of Deregulation on Rail Rates: A Study on Wheat, Barley, Corn, Oat, and Soybean , Vinje, Daniel Martin, April.

Using Stochastic Optimization and Real-options Models to Value Private Sector Incentives to Invest in Food Protection Measures , Lewis, Andrew M., October.  

Utilizing Geographic Information System-Based Crop Coverages and Digital Soil Surveys to Improve Agricultural Land Value Models in North Dakota , Kermes, Kevin Eugene, July.

An Economic Analysis of Fed Cattle Marketing using Real-time Ultrasound , Pointier, Fabienne; June.

Comparing Alternative Opinion Survey Based Estimates with Actual Land Sales in North Dakota , Fluhrer, Jedediah O.; August.

Economic Factors Affecting the Increase in Obesity in the United States: Differential Response to Price , de Chastenet, Hélène; June.

Economics of Leptin Genotyping of Finishing Cattle , Bullinger, Jared R.; May.

Investor's Expectations of New Generation Cooperatives' Equity , Akono, Jean H.C.; April.

Impact of Changes in Dietary Preferences on U.S. Retail Demand for Beef: Health Concerns and the Role of Media , Mostad, Daniel A.; November.

Marketing Mechanisms to Facilitate Co-existence of GM and Non-GM Crops , Henry, Benjamin, July.

Recent Development in Infrastructure and its Impact on Agricultural and Non-agricultural Trade, Park, Mi-Hee, February.

Societal Perceptions of the Role of the U.S. Government in Support for Agriculture , Svangstu, Brooke A.; October.

An Economic Comparison of Reduced-input and Intensive Crop Rotations in the Red River Valley , Foissey, Thomas; August.

Costs, Risks, and Contracting Strategies for European Union Traceability Requirements , Henry, Xavier; August.

Customer Willingness to Pay for Breads Marketed as "Low-Carbohydrate" Breads , Johnston, Gretchen R.; December.

Evaluating Farmers' Preferences for Crop and Health Insurance Products , Orth, Michael P., May.

Factors Influencing Blackbird Damage to Sunflowers in Stutsman County, North Dakota,  Ronning, Brent A.; May.

Financial Impacts of a Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Outbreak on North Dakota Agricultural Banks , Anderson, Ryan H.; October.

Genetically Modified Wheat: Price Impacts on Competing Technologies and Strategies of Agbiotechnology Firms , Huso, Scott R.; November.

Impact of Transportation on Business Location Decisions in Rural Upper Great Plains , Burdina, Mariya; May.

Inventory Valuation Decisions and Strategy Analysis , Osowski, Nicholas R., July.

North Dakota College Students' Perceptions of GM and Organic Food , Anderson, Jon C., November.

Predicting Food Safety Losses in Turkey Processing , Siaplay, Mounir; November.

An Analysis of Financial Management Strategies for New Generation Cooperatives Under Conditions of Risk , Streifel, Bradley J.; March.

Contracting Strategies and Marketing Mechanisms for Genetically Modified Wheat , Maxwell, Brett J., December.

Crops Marketing Education Program Targeted to Farmwomen , Schaunaman, Crystal M., December.

Evaluation of North Dakota Farm Production Efficiency and Financial Performance Over Time , Bayda, Volodymyr V.; May.

Marginal Impact of Education, Financial Performance, and Government Programs on the Adoption of Precision Agriculture Technology , Friedrichsen, Mary S.; December.

Optimal Testing Strategies for Genetically Modified Commodities , Jabs, Eric J.; May.

Shuttle Train Adoption Strategy , Huang, Weijun; June.

Value at Risk: Agricultural Processor Procurement and Hedging Strategies , Hawes, Cullen R.; April.

2002 : Characterization of the Canadian Commercial Walleye Fishery , Lemm, Leslie P.; December.

Crop Insurance and Quality Uncertainty Due to Scab and Vomitoxin , Tiapo, Napoleon M.; May.

The Economic Analysis of Alternative Financing Methods for Value-Added Beef Finishing Operations in North Dakota , Zutz, Christina L.; November.

Effects of Environmental Impact Information on Willingness to Pay for Genetically Modified Products , VanWechel, Tamara R.; May.   

Equity Valuation for New Generation Cooperatives , Umarov, Alisher A.; August. Estimation of the Demand for Grain Transportation in North Dakota , Dybing, Alan G.; November.

Free Trade Area of the Americas: Effects on the U.S. Sugar Industry , Carlson-Goodman, Melissa J.; November.

The Influence of Labor Constraints on Optimal Calving Season for Mixed Production Operations in the Northern Great Plains , Hawkins, Renee M.; March.

Procurement Strategies for End-users to Meet Functional Characteristics , Peterson, Del A., December

Socioeconomic Impacts of Agricultural and Non-agricultural Economic Development in North Dakota,  Schepp, Angela L.; November

Logistical Strategies for Differentiated Wheat Classifications , Schlecht, Shannon M.; April.

Marketing and Crop Insurance Combined to Manage Risk on a Cass County Representative Farm , Clow, Aaron D.; July.

Quantification of Historic Flood Damage in the Maple and Wild Rice Watersheds of the Red River of the North Basin,  Kjelland, Michael E.; March.

Risk Management Strategies for Grain Traders and Processors , Wagner, Robert; April.

Applying Option Theory to Guaranteed Rail Mechanisms , Lee, Jonathan A., May.

International Market Entry Strategies for Value-added Wheat Products , Syvrud, Prairie A., March. 1998: Economic Assessment of Wetland Mitigation in Minnesota , Sip, Robert L., February. 1996: Analysis of Export Targeting of Canadian Wheats , Young, Christopher E., May.

Economic Empact of Leafy Spurge on North Dakota Grazing Land , Thompson, Flint Dean, March.

Information Used by Farmers for Decision Making , Stearns, Larry Donald, June.

Assessment of Two Conservation Reserve Program Objectives in North Dakota , Skjelstad, Jo, July.

An Economic Comparison of Zero and Conventional Tillage for Small Grain Production in North Dakota , Swenson, Andrew L., August.

A Market Structure Study of the Queretaro Fluid Milk Industry , Ramirez, Francisco Soto, July.

Small Farms: A Selected List of References, Briefly Annotated , Ramirez, Francisco Soto, July.

A Description of Determinants of the Average Physical Product of Labor for the Lignite Coal Surface Mining Industry of North Dakota , Struck, Jeffrey K., May.

A Dynamic Economic Systems Community Impact Model Applied to Coal Development in the Northern Great Plains , Temple, George Sterling, May.

Interregional Energy Transportation Model for Evaluating North Dakota's Comparative Advantage for Producing Lignite Coa l, Sheldon, Norman Lee, January.

Human Resource Implications of the Production Process in Underground Bituminous Extraction, Especially for Utah , Stradley, Scot Arthur.

Potato Pricing Determinants in the United States and in the Red River Valley , Shephard, Lyle C., April.

Costs and Returns Associated with the Production of Milk in North Dakota , Thiel, Richard J., May.

Solid Waste Disposal in Cass County, North Dakota , Sem, John Homer, December.

An Economic Analysis of Rice Prices in the Republic of Korea , Shim, Kyou Bo, July.

Economic Analysis of Performance Testing for Two Beef Herds in Morton County, 1958-1965 , Stine, James F., May.

Income Distribution on Selected Types of Illinois Farms and Implications for Tenure Adjustments , Strohbehn, Roger Wallace.

Economies of Scale in the Local Government of Kansas , Shepherd, Robert Edwin.

The Organization of Country Markets for Grain in North Dakota , Velde, Paul Dwight, August.

Adjustment Implications of Government Cotton Programs for Southwestern Oklahoma , Sobering, Frederic David.

The Federal Crop Insurance Program in Eastern Nebraska--Saunders County, A Case Study,  Starr, Gayle David, August.

An Analysis of Dairy Herd Replacements in Grady and Lincoln Counties , Sparks, Donald Eugene, May.

Linear Program Analysis of Roughage Systems for Grade A Dairy Farms in Grady and Lincoln Counties , Smith, Frederick John, May.

Minimum Resource Requirements and Resource Adjustments for Specified Farm Income Levels, Low Rollling Plains of Southwestern Oklahoma , Strickland, Percy Leo, Jr., May.

Farm Administration and Farm Labor , Viken, Edward, June.

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Home > Books > Agricultural Science

Agricultural Value Chains - Some Selected Issues

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Academic Editor

Saint Joseph's University , United States of America

Parthenope University of Naples , Italy

Series Editor

RMIT University , Australia

Published 27 September 2023

Doi 10.5772/intechopen.104239

ISBN 978-1-83768-512-7

Print ISBN 978-1-83768-511-0

eBook (PDF) ISBN 978-1-83768-513-4

Copyright year 2023

Number of pages 166

Part of the book series Sustainable Development

Issn 2753-6580

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the food chain and related issues, especially in lesser developed countries where supply chain problems and issues in the agribusiness sector are most dramatic. Each chapter provides the reader with an important perspective on the value chain either in local markets or in well-developed markets. The lessons learned from this book are pertinent to any ...

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the food chain and related issues, especially in lesser developed countries where supply chain problems and issues in the agribusiness sector are most dramatic. Each chapter provides the reader with an important perspective on the value chain either in local markets or in well-developed markets. The lessons learned from this book are pertinent to any aspect of the supply chain and to any country whether it be fully or lesser developed.

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This book aims at increasing awareness and promoting scientific research in support of the global United Nations Sustainable Development Goals programme. IntechOpen is a member of the UN SDG Publishers Compact. Learn more

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Agriculture

Browse agriculture topics/papers by subfields, agriculture research papers/topics, determining the profitability of different npsb and nitrogen fertilizer rates on yield and yield attributes of sweet potato (ipomoea batatas l.) in the midland areas of guji southern oromia,.

The activity was proposed with the objective of determining the combined application rate of inorganic NPSB and N fertilizer that maximizes the yield and yield components of sweet potato. Sweet Potato variety Naspot-13, was used for the experiment. The experiment was arranged in factorial combination of four level of NPSB (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1) with four level of N2 (0, 23, 46 and 69 kg ha-1) in RCBD with 3 replications. The analysis of variance showed that the combination of 100 kg ha-...

Diet selection, intake and weight gain of dorper sheep fed on selected grasses in a cafeteria system in Machakos County, Kenya

Abstract: Livestock is a key asset and a primary livelihood resource for rural households in most parts of the world and accounts for nearly 95 per cent of family income in the Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASALs) in Kenya. Despite high economic importance of livestock, inadequate nutrition results to low livestock productivity in Kenya. Ruminant feeding in the ASALs is mainly based on the exploitation of range feed resources. Grazing ruminants forage on different plant species with varying leve...

Effect of transportation on welfare of indigenous chicken in Machakos County, Kenya

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate effect of transportation on welfare of indigenous chicken. A sample of 8 hens were randomly selected from the target population. Each treatment had an equal number of mature indigenous chicken hens weighing between 1.25 and 2.4 kg. The first batch of 4 birds were tied together and loaded on to an open vehicle roof top. The second batch of 4 birds was loaded into traditional transport cages and the cage loaded on top of the transport vehicle....

Effects of spacing and Negarim micro catchment on the growth of two provenances of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) in Kitui county, south eastern Kenya

Abstract: There has been an increased human population in arid and semi-arid areas. However, these areas are characterized by harsh climatic conditions hence low agricultural productivity, environmental degradation and over exploitation of natural resources. There's need to understand the best agronomic crop requirements for high value trees and shrubs like Moringa oleifera (Lamark) through climate smart agriculture. Limited studies on Moringa oleifera provenance trials, use of micro-catchme...

Comparative differences of whitefly-transmitted diseases between local and hybrid bean varieties in Kitui County, Kenya

Abstract: The typical dry bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, is the essential food legume for direct human consumption. They play a significant role in food security and nutrition. Despite their nutritional importance, its production growth rates have declined in Kenya due to diseases, insect pests, plant nutritional deficiencies, and drought. Therefore, this study's main objective was to determine whether there are differences in bean varieties' tolerance to whitefly transmitted viral diseases. The ...

Factors influencing smallholder dairy cattle productivity in Tigania East sub-county, Meru County

Abstract: Dairy farming complements both food and cash crop farming in Kenya. Due to limited land sizes, smallholder dairy farming is popular and dominates the dairy sector in terms of milk production. Low milk production is a major constraint in Tigania East SubCounty despite the fact that the surrounding Sub-Counties produce high amounts of milk. A survey was carried out in Tigania East Sub-County involving 156 smallholder farmers randomly selected across three agro-ecological zones (AEZ1,...

Assessment of rain water harvesting technologies for improved food security in Kauwi sub-location, Kitui County

Abstract: Water is an essential natural resource, vital for any development to take place. However, not more than one percent of the water is freely available for human needs including agricultural production in the entire world. Arid and semi-arid lands globally are facing water scarcity challenges. Rain- fed agricultural system is the major farming method in these areas, but this has been challenged greatly by aridity and climatic uncertainty. Kitui County is an ASAL where farmers are expe...

Women participation in agroforestry technologies enhances climate change adaptation in Nguumo and Makindu locations, Makindu sub county, Makueni county, Kenya

Abstract: Agroforestry presents a promising option to sustainable agricultural productivity by providing a buffer to climate variability through permanent tree cover and varied ecological niches. Thus, agroforestry can be used as a strategy to adapt to climate change and variability challenges for smallholder farmers. Success of this strategy in adapting to climate change calls for active participation of men and women in agroforestry technologies. This study aimed to establish roles women p...

Identification and validation of African indigenous knowledge practices on management of crop pests in Kitui West sub-county

Abstract: Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa is predominantly subsistence and perennial food deficits, cyclic famines characterize it, and poverty is prompted largely by erratic rainfall patterns, declining soil fertility, and pests and diseases. In Kitui County, farmers are largely small-scale and face various challenges: from poor soil fertility to erratic rainfall. The farmers, too, have not been spared by the pest menace. Consequently, they have resorted to unwarranted and unregulated app...

Factors influencing adoption of giant bamboo (dendrocalamus asper {Schult} Backer) for agroforestry in selected subcounties of Nyandarua county, Kenya

Abstract: Giant bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) is a very fast growing plant in the family of Poaceae (Gramineae) with great potential in environmental conservation and poverty alleviation. It has over 1500 documented uses. However, with the reducing sizes and productivity of land in Kenya especially in high potential areas where bamboo is grown, there is a need to identify options of cultivating bamboo as an agroforestry crop. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to establish factors...

Growth, nodulation and yield of selected legumes under drought conditions in Kitui county, Kenya

Abstract: Loss of fertility in soil is the main limiting factor that affects production of crops in Kenya, especially in the Arid and Semi-arid regions. In the lower parts of Eastern Kenya, unreliable and low rainfall has led to the low yields in crop production. Lack of the use of commercial fertilizers is also a contributing factor to low crop yields. Amongst new solutions that can assist farmers facing this challenge of low yields includes the emerged potential role of rhizobia in crop pe...

Assessment of fish farmer’s vulnerability to climate variability and extreme climate events in selected parts of Kitui county, Kenya

Abstract: Fish farmers are a vulnerable group to climate variability and extreme climate events effects as their production heavily relies on precipitation and temperature. However, previous studies on vulnerability of fish farmers to climate variability and extreme events have been done on global, regional and national scales, thus failing to capture the local realities on spatial variability. The current study was carried out to assess the householdlevel vulnerability of fish farmers to cl...

Evaluation of farmers’ vulnerability to climate variability and extreme events in selected agro-ecological zones in Kitui county, Kenya

Abstract: Climate variability and extreme events are some of the most pressing environmental challenges occurring in the contemporary world. Farming communities in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Kenya are more vulnerable to climate variability and extreme events due to high dependence on weather patterns in their farming activities. There is little understanding of the vulnerability to climate variability and extreme events among farmers in Kitui County based on the agro-ecological zone...

Adoption of modern dairy technologies and its impact on milk production in Nzaui sub-county, Makueni county

Abstract: Dairy production is a biologically efficient system that converts large quantities of roughage in the tropics to milk. Milk production levels are determined by the levels of technologies applied to the dairy enterprise. However, information on levels of adoption of dairy technologies especially in the arid and semi-arid areas (ASALs) of Kenya is scanty. This study thus sought to evaluate the extent of adoption of modern dairy technologies and its impact on milk production in Nzaui ...

An evaluation of the use of a microcomputer on a livestock farm

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of a microcomputer as a tool of information handling. Specifically, this involved developing software packages for use on an Apple II Plus microcomputer. The Willow Bend Demonstrational Farm in Union, West Virginia, was chosen. A farm records and budgets model was developed. Receipts and expenses from the Electronic Farm Accounting records were used to test the model for use by the farm operators in West Virginia. Enterpris...

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25+ Agriculture Books for Free! [PDF]

* If you have doubts about how to download free books from InfoBooks, visit our guide to downloading books .

In order to continue facilitating access to interesting and useful information, we have created a new list of free books, this time about Agriculture .

As part of the process of creating our list, we took the task of choosing books in PDF format to facilitate access to them.

Agriculture is defined as the art of cultivating, favoring and making the land productive. Agriculture is considered an essential and indispensable economic activity at a general level.

The beginnings of agriculture date back to the Neolithic period, when human societies evolved from gathering, fishing and hunting to animal husbandry and agriculture. The first plants to be cultivated were barley and wheat.

Its origins are estimated in prehistoric times and its development was due to the independent practice of various cultures, such as those of the Fertile Crescent (area from Mesopotamia to Ancient Egypt), the Chinese cultures in East Asia, and the pre-Columbian cultures of Central America, among others.

There was a gradual transition from the economy of gathering agricultural products and hunting. The reasons for the evolution of agriculture could have been climatic changes towards more temperate temperatures, the scarcity of game or gathering products, or the desertification of many regions.

We have compiled more than 25 books on Agriculture in PDF format so that you can learn everything you want to know about this activity. From our list we have included books in Spanish and Portuguese.

All the texts were given for free publication or are in the public domain.

Basic Agriculture Books

Basic Agriculture. Student Handbook

Shiksha Kendra

Farmer’s Handbook on Basic Agriculture

Chandra Shekara, Ajit Kumar, N. Balasubramani, Bakul C. Chaudhary, Rajeev Sharma, Max Baumann and Chitra Shukla

Training of Farmers Programme South Asia

Food and Agriculture Organization

Crop Production Manual

Sayed Mohammad Naim Khalid

Northeast Beginning Farmer's Field Journal

Your Guide to FSA Farm Loans

Farm Service Agency

Hydroponic Green Fodder Production

Rachel Jemimah, P. Tensingh Gnanaraj, T. Muthuramalingam and T. Devi

Farm management Guide

Sayed Mohammad Naim Khalid and Shukrullah Sherzad

Understanding Farming. Facts and figures about German farming

Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL)

Guide of Best Farming Practices

A Beginner's Guide to Small-Scale Tropical Agriculture

Dr. Franklin W. Martin

Seed Germination and Sowing Options

Tara Luna, Kim M. Wilkinson and R. Kasten Dumroese

An Introduction to Agriculture and Agronomy

Various authors

Organic Agriculture Books

Organic agriculture is also known as ecological or biological agriculture, and consists of a cultivation methodology that does not use chemical products and optimizes the use of natural resources.   

If you want to learn about this autonomous system in which meticulous care is applied to the environment, you can consult the texts that we offer about it. 

With the Organic Agriculture books you will have the opportunity to know the necessary details to put this mechanism into practice, and obtain completely organic products. 

Teaching Organic Farming & Gardening

Martha Brown, Jan Perez and Albie Miles

Training manual for organic agriculture

Nadia Scialabba, Ilka Gomez and Lisa Thivant

National Organic Farming Handbook

Organic Food and Farming

Ifoam EU Group

What is Organic Farming?

Organic Farming as A Development Strategy: Who are Interested and Who are not?

Mette Vaarst

Sustainable Agriculture Books

Sustainable agriculture is agriculture that manages to meet society’s food and textile needs without compromising resources or the ability of present or future generations to meet their needs. 

It is a type of agriculture that seeks to make the most of what nature provides us, without harming it. The idea is to maintain and conserve all current resources, so that agriculture can be sustained for many years to come.

Each concept, methodology and practical advice can be found in the Sustainable Agriculture books that we offer in this section.

Sustainable Agriculture

Fritz J. Häni, László Pintér and Hans R. Herren

Building Resilience for Adaptation to Climate Change in the Agriculture Sector

Alexandre Meybeck, Jussi Lankoski, Suzanne Redfern, Nadine Azzu and Vincent Gitz

Agroecology, Best Practices

Agrisud International

Approaches to Sustainable Agriculture

Barbara Pia Oberc and Alberto Arroyo Schnell

Farming Systems and Sustainable Agriculture

V. Praveen Rao, R. Veeraraghavaiah, S. Hemalatha and B. Joseph

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

The 10 Elements of Agroecology

Sustainable and Climate Resilient Agriculture

Here ends our selection of free Agriculture books in PDF format. We hope you liked it and already have your next book!

If you found this list useful, do not forget to share it on your social networks. Remember that “Sharing is Caring” .

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Agriculture-Finance'

Create a spot-on reference in apa, mla, chicago, harvard, and other styles.

Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Agriculture-Finance.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

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Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

Ghosh, Gautam. "An Enquiry into the features and problems of agriculture finance in Uttar Dinajpur district of North Bengal." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1302.

Lundblad, Lowe, and Anna-Liisa Rissanen. "Precision Agriculture and Access to Agri-Finance : How precision technology can make farmers better applicants." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149677.

Sabih, Sacha Francis. "The CSA method of alternative financing in agriculture : a case study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0004/MQ44267.pdf.

Alrabiah, Bander. "Analysis of loan repayments to the Agricultural Development Fund in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30931/.

Tela, Umaru Galadima. "The Effectiveness of Funding Sources on Agricultural Projects in Yobe State, Nigeria." Thesis, Walden University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10279401.

This study examined the effectiveness of the Fadama III, National Program for Food Security and International Fund for Agricultural Development programs in reducing poverty and income inequality in Yobe State, Nigeria. Agricultural funding in the state has increased by 670.7% between 2004 and 2013. Despite this trajectory, the state ranks among the worst in Nigeria in terms of poverty and income inequality according to UNDP report, reinforcing the need to investigate the impact of agricultural funding on the state’s welfare. Previous studies in this area have been on a country-wide basis and have not disaggregated the funding sources. This study disaggregating the funding sources of Yobe State in order to establish the effectiveness of each funding source. Field survey data from the fund beneficiaries and secondary data from the Central Bank of Nigeria, National Bureau of Statistics, and the World Bank provided empirical evidence. The first-best resource allocation theoretical framework was applied to understand the impact of funding sources on the welfare effect of the beneficiaries. The Ordinary Least Square, analysis of variance, and t test revealed that agricultural funding significantly and positively impacts on recipients’ standard of living, asset base, and agricultural output, without any significant impact on income. Results indicate that FADAMA III is the most effective in improving the overall welfare of beneficiaries. It is recommended that other funding programs should adopt the models of FADAMA III, and should also require counterpart funding in order to maximize the benefit for a larger segment of the population. These findings may bring positive social change by reducing poverty, expanding economic opportunities, and improving quality of life, leading ultimately to sustainable peace and economic prosperity in Yobe State.

Muyangwa, Nambwenga. "The impact of agriculture finance on small and medium agribusiness in Zambia: the case of Zambia National Farmers' Union - Lima Credit Scheme." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25493.

Olowu, Akinseye Uwem. "Agricultural financing and performance in Nigeria : a case study of the agricultural credit guarantee scheme." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/8532.

Park, William N. "Analysis of repayment ability for agricultural loans in Virginia using a qualitative choice model." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91054.

Denk, Ann. "Interest Rate and Commodity Price Impacts on Farm-Level Financials." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31149.

Sarker, Rahul Amin. "Rural finance in agricultural sector of Bangladesh: present status and future development strategy for formal sector banks." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/233.

Nxumalo, Nosikhumbuzo. "Value chain financing : the case of the Komati Downstream Development Project." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97441.

Mashile, Daphne Mmapabala. "Challenges facing smallholder farmers in accessing credit in Gauteng province: South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7991.

Fry, Cary G. "Forest products industry risk based lending guidelines." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35235.

Ababio-Twi, Faith S. "Funding Strategies for Smallholder Rice Farmers in Afadzato South District, Ghana." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7849.

Yandell, Andrew W. "The Potential Application of Weather Derivatives to Hedge Harvest Value Risk in the Champagne Region of France." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/359.

Capurro, Alejandro. "Comparing agricultural financing in Uruguay and New Zealand." Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/2344.

Koranteng, Kweku Yeboah. "Contract farming model of financing smallholder farmers in South Africa : the case of the IDC-Kat River citrus development scheme." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/8579.

Nkhoma, Peter Rock. "Constituting Agricultural and Food Policy in Malawi: The Role of the State and International Donors in the Farm Input Subsidy Program (FISP)." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6556.

Ngan, Kit-yan. "The role of entrepreneurship in China's economic development." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B15967414.

Walsh, Jonathan Patrick. "Organic Dairy Profitability in Vermont: Measuring the Impacts of Management and Market Forces on Farm Financial Performance." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1003.

Makhuvha, Musiwalo Jeremiah. "Matabane Secondary Agricultural Co-operative : challenges and opportunities in sustaining enterprise development." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95595.

Holt, Travis J. "A decision model to determine class III milk hedging opportunities." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/391.

Brant, Barry. "Alternative strategic financial plans for Garden City Co-op." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/879.

Westergard, Chris. "Farmland valuation: a net present value approach using simulation." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19035.

Esterhuizen, Dirk. "An evaluation of the competitiveness of the South African agribusiness sector." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12082006-144349.

Oberholster, Jacobus Hoon. "The development of a financing model for agricultural production in South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3041.

Graham, Sarah. "An analysis of efficiency in banking : a case study of the People's National Cooperative Bank of Jamaica." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97401.

Ngan, Kit-yan, and 顔傑恩. "The role of entrepreneurship in China's economic development." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31954467.

Brewer, Brady. "Determinants of lender choice and banking strategy for Kansas farmers." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13708.

Sibindi, Angels. "An analysis of the impact of contract farming on smallholding farming as a mechanism for value chain efficiency enhancement : the case of Mashonaland central province (Zimbabwe) smallholder tobacco farmers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95661.

Dreyer, Andries. "Weather derivatives in the South African agriculture sector." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53219.

Cretin, Curtis J. "Impact of ethanol plants on Kansas land values." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20576.

Philippe, Roudier. "Climat et agriculture en Afrique de l'Ouest : Quantification de l'impact du changement climatique sur les rendements et évaluation de l'utilité des prévisions saisonnières." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00874724.

Gullickson, Travis R. "Net present value analysis of plant investment to add capacity." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1051.

Venard, Kathryn Lyn. "A feasibility study of operating a sheep dairy in central Iowa." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1056.

Vicenová, Lenka. "Hodnocení finanční situace podniku a návrhy na její zlepšení." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222523.

Post, Seth. "A financial analysis of placing fixed grain assets in northern Kansas." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18146.

Barkley, David L., and Larry Simmons. "Contribution of the Golf Course Industry to the Arizona Economy." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/310783.

Mwansa, Sosthenes. "Comparative investment analysis for small scale broiler and layer enterprises in Zambia." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15903.

Smith, Matthew K. "Trend yields and the crop insurance program." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13748.

Bar-Yoseph, Benjamin A. "Ideology, culture change, and management patterns in the Israeli Kibbutz." Thesis, City, University of London, 1997. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/19947/.

Aït-Youcef, Camille. "Causes et conséquences de l’activité financière sur la dynamique des prix agricoles." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0157.

Popelka, Paul. "Net present value analysis of an automated grain aeration system technology on stored corn." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19034.

Davis, Bill. "The feasibility of crop insurance agency acquisitions." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14043.

Lukášová, Veronika. "Vzdělávání zaměstnanců a komunikace na Ministerstvu financí a Ministerstvu zemědělství." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-125156.

Murungi, Kellen. "Interest Rate Ceilings and Agriculture Financing in Kenya." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33891.

Lombard, Christoffel. "The development of a methodology to evaluate business plans for land reform projects in the Western Cape with special emphasis on LRAD grant supported projects." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/14635.

Mniki, Sicelo. "An assessment of the impact of Local Economic Development in Mbhashe Local Municipality with special focus on agricultural projects." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018579.

Linklater, Scott W. "Trusted Advisors in Agricultural Finance| An Exploration of Proficiencies that Lead to Trust-Based Relationships." Thesis, Gonzaga University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13808872.

Since the Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916, a cooperative system of lending associations has helped provide stable financing to agricultural operators throughout the United States and played a crucial role in maintaining a stable food supply. At the heart of this system are relationships between agricultural operators and lenders who function as their trusted advisors. This study explores the proficiencies of trusted advisors at one of these associations: Northwest Farm Credit Services. With an interdisciplinary view of trust, 25 qualitative interviews were conducted with existing trusted advisors, as well as group interviews with 38 customers, to understand the factors which help create and maintain trust-based relationships. From my findings, trusted advisorness is defined and a framework describing trusted advisorness in seven embodied elements is proposed. This framework describes how a trusted advisor walks and cares, for what a trusted advisor looks and listens, how a trusted advisor thinks, and what a trusted advisor says and does.

Shoko, Ropafadzo. "The effects of the economic structural adjustment programs on agriculture in Sub Saharan Africa: a case study of Zimbabwe 1990-2000." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28984.

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Comparison of Soil Carbon Dynamics Between Restored Prairie and Agricultural Soils in the U.S. Midwest

Globally, soils hold more carbon than both the atmosphere and aboveground terrestrial biosphere combined. Changes in land use and land cover have the potential to alter soil carbon cycling throughout the soil profile, from the surface to meters deep, yet most studies focus only on the near surface impact ( 3 and C 4 photosynthetic pathway plant community composition. Comparative analysis of edaphic properties and soil carbon suggests that deep loess deposits in Nebraska permit enhanced water infiltration and SOC deposition to depths of ~100 cm in 60 years of prairie restoration. In Illinois, poorly drained, clay/lime rich soils on glacial till and a younger restored prairie age (15 years) restricted the influence of prairie restoration to the upper 30 cm. Comparing the δ 13 C values of SOC and SIC in each system demonstrated that SIC at each site is likely of lithogenic origin. This work indicates that the magnitude of influence of restoration management is dependent on edaphic properties inherited from geological and geomorphological controls. Future work should quantify root structures and redox properties to better understand the influence of rooting depth on soil carbon concentrations. Fast-cycling C dynamics can be assessed using continuous, in-situ CO 2 and O 2 soil gas concentration changes. The secondary objective of my thesis was to determine if manual, low temporal resolution gas sampling and analysis are a low cost and effective means of measuring soil O 2 and CO 2 , by comparing it with data from in-situ continuous (hourly) sensors. Manual analysis of soil CO 2 and O 2 from field replicates of buried gas collection cups resulted in measurement differences from the continuous sensors. Measuring CO2 concentration with manual methods often resulted in higher concentrations than hourly, continuous measurements across all sites. Additionally, O 2 concentrations measured by manual methods were higher than hourly values in the restored prairie and less in agricultural sites. A variety of spatial variability, pressure perturbations, calibration offsets, and system leakage influences on both analysis methods could cause the discrepancy.

NSF Grant 1331906

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• Master of Science
• Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences

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• West Lafayette

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Additional committee member 2, additional committee member 3, additional committee member 4, additional committee member 5, usage metrics.

• Environmental biogeochemistry
• Soil chemistry and soil carbon sequestration (excl. carbon sequestration science)

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