best conclusion enders

So much is at stake in writing a conclusion. This is, after all, your last chance to persuade your readers to your point of view, to impress yourself upon them as a writer and thinker. And the impression you create in your conclusion will shape the impression that stays with your readers after they've finished the essay.

The end of an essay should therefore convey a sense of completeness and closure as well as a sense of the lingering possibilities of the topic, its larger meaning, its implications: the final paragraph should close the discussion without closing it off.

To establish a sense of closure, you might do one or more of the following:

• Conclude by linking the last paragraph to the first, perhaps by reiterating a word or phrase you used at the beginning.
• Conclude with a sentence composed mainly of one-syllable words. Simple language can help create an effect of understated drama.
• Conclude with a sentence that's compound or parallel in structure; such sentences can establish a sense of balance or order that may feel just right at the end of a complex discussion.

To close the discussion without closing it off, you might do one or more of the following:

• Conclude with a quotation from or reference to a primary or secondary source, one that amplifies your main point or puts it in a different perspective. A quotation from, say, the novel or poem you're writing about can add texture and specificity to your discussion; a critic or scholar can help confirm or complicate your final point. For example, you might conclude an essay on the idea of home in James Joyce's short story collection,  Dubliners , with information about Joyce's own complex feelings towards Dublin, his home. Or you might end with a biographer's statement about Joyce's attitude toward Dublin, which could illuminate his characters' responses to the city. Just be cautious, especially about using secondary material: make sure that you get the last word.
• Conclude by setting your discussion into a different, perhaps larger, context. For example, you might end an essay on nineteenth-century muckraking journalism by linking it to a current news magazine program like  60 Minutes .
• Conclude by redefining one of the key terms of your argument. For example, an essay on Marx's treatment of the conflict between wage labor and capital might begin with Marx's claim that the "capitalist economy is . . . a gigantic enterprise of dehumanization "; the essay might end by suggesting that Marxist analysis is itself dehumanizing because it construes everything in economic -- rather than moral or ethical-- terms.
• Conclude by considering the implications of your argument (or analysis or discussion). What does your argument imply, or involve, or suggest? For example, an essay on the novel  Ambiguous Adventure , by the Senegalese writer Cheikh Hamidou Kane, might open with the idea that the protagonist's development suggests Kane's belief in the need to integrate Western materialism and Sufi spirituality in modern Senegal. The conclusion might make the new but related point that the novel on the whole suggests that such an integration is (or isn't) possible.

Finally, some advice on how not to end an essay:

• Don't simply summarize your essay. A brief summary of your argument may be useful, especially if your essay is long--more than ten pages or so. But shorter essays tend not to require a restatement of your main ideas.
• Avoid phrases like "in conclusion," "to conclude," "in summary," and "to sum up." These phrases can be useful--even welcome--in oral presentations. But readers can see, by the tell-tale compression of the pages, when an essay is about to end. You'll irritate your audience if you belabor the obvious.
• Resist the urge to apologize. If you've immersed yourself in your subject, you now know a good deal more about it than you can possibly include in a five- or ten- or 20-page essay. As a result, by the time you've finished writing, you may be having some doubts about what you've produced. (And if you haven't immersed yourself in your subject, you may be feeling even more doubtful about your essay as you approach the conclusion.) Repress those doubts. Don't undercut your authority by saying things like, "this is just one approach to the subject; there may be other, better approaches. . ."

Copyright 1998, Pat Bellanca, for the Writing Center at Harvard University

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How to Conclude an Essay (with Examples)

Last Updated: April 3, 2023 Fact Checked

Writing a Strong Conclusion

What to avoid, brainstorming tricks.

This article was co-authored by Jake Adams and by wikiHow staff writer, Aly Rusciano . Jake Adams is an academic tutor and the owner of Simplifi EDU, a Santa Monica, California based online tutoring business offering learning resources and online tutors for academic subjects K-College, SAT & ACT prep, and college admissions applications. With over 14 years of professional tutoring experience, Jake is dedicated to providing his clients the very best online tutoring experience and access to a network of excellent undergraduate and graduate-level tutors from top colleges all over the nation. Jake holds a BS in International Business and Marketing from Pepperdine University. There are 8 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 3,208,790 times.

So, you’ve written an outstanding essay and couldn’t be more proud. But now you have to write the final paragraph. The conclusion simply summarizes what you’ve already written, right? Well, not exactly. Your essay’s conclusion should be a bit more finessed than that. Luckily, you’ve come to the perfect place to learn how to write a conclusion. We’ve put together this guide to fill you in on everything you should and shouldn’t do when ending an essay. Follow our advice, and you’ll have a stellar conclusion worthy of an A+ in no time.

Things You Should Know

• Rephrase your thesis to include in your final paragraph to bring the essay full circle.
• End your essay with a call to action, warning, or image to make your argument meaningful.
• Keep your conclusion concise and to the point, so you don’t lose a reader’s attention.
• Do your best to avoid adding new information to your conclusion and only emphasize points you’ve already made in your essay.

• “All in all”
• “Ultimately”
• “Furthermore”
• “As a consequence”
• “As a result”

• Make sure to write your main points in a new and unique way to avoid repetition.

• Let’s say this is your original thesis statement: “Allowing students to visit the library during lunch improves campus life and supports academic achievement.”
• Restating your thesis for your conclusion could look like this: “Evidence shows students who have access to their school’s library during lunch check out more books and are more likely to complete their homework.”
• The restated thesis has the same sentiment as the original while also summarizing other points of the essay.

• “When you use plastic water bottles, you pollute the ocean. Switch to using a glass or metal water bottle instead. The planet and sea turtles will thank you.”
• “The average person spends roughly 7 hours on their phone a day, so there’s no wonder cybersickness is plaguing all generations.”
• “Imagine walking on the beach, except the soft sand is made up of cigarette butts. They burn your feet but keep washing in with the tide. If we don’t clean up the ocean, this will be our reality.”
• “ Lost is not only a show that changed the course of television, but it’s also a reflection of humanity as a whole.”
• “If action isn’t taken to end climate change today, the global temperature will dangerously rise from 4.5 to 8 °F (−15.3 to −13.3 °C) by 2100.”

• Focus on your essay's most prevalent or important parts. What key points do you want readers to take away or remember about your essay?

• For instance, instead of writing, “That’s why I think that Abraham Lincoln was the best American President,” write, “That’s why Abraham Lincoln was the best American President.”
• There’s no room for ifs, ands, or buts—your opinion matters and doesn’t need to be apologized for!

• For instance, words like “firstly,” “secondly,” and “thirdly” may be great transition statements for body paragraphs but are unnecessary in a conclusion.

• For instance, say you began your essay with the idea that humanity’s small sense of sense stems from space’s vast size. Try returning to this idea in the conclusion by emphasizing that as human knowledge grows, space becomes smaller.

• For example, you could extend an essay on the television show Orange is the New Black by bringing up the culture of imprisonment in America.

Community Q&A

• Always review your essay after writing it for proper grammar, spelling, and punctuation, and don’t be afraid to revise. Thanks Helpful 2 Not Helpful 1
• Ask a friend, family member, or teacher for help if you’re stuck. Sometimes a second opinion is all you need. Thanks Helpful 2 Not Helpful 1

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://www.uts.edu.au/current-students/support/helps/self-help-resources/grammar/transition-signals
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/common_writing_assignments/argument_papers/conclusions.html
• ↑ http://writing2.richmond.edu/writing/wweb/conclude.html
• ↑ https://writingcenter.fas.harvard.edu/pages/ending-essay-conclusions
• ↑ https://www.pittsfordschools.org/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx?moduleinstanceid=542&dataid=4677&FileName=conclusions1.pdf
• ↑ https://www.cuyamaca.edu/student-support/tutoring-center/files/student-resources/how-to-write-a-good-conclusion.pdf
• ↑ https://library.sacredheart.edu/c.php?g=29803&p=185935

About This Article

To end an essay, start your conclusion with a phrase that makes it clear your essay is coming to a close, like "In summary," or "All things considered." Then, use a few sentences to briefly summarize the main points of your essay by rephrasing the topic sentences of your body paragraphs. Finally, end your conclusion with a call to action that encourages your readers to do something or learn more about your topic. In general, try to keep your conclusion between 5 and 7 sentences long. For more tips from our English co-author, like how to avoid common pitfalls when writing an essay conclusion, scroll down! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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How to Write a Conclusion: End Your Writing With a Bang

In this article, we explain how to write a conclusion or a strong ending that leaves the reader wanting more.

Whether you’re writing a thesis paper or a non-fiction book, you are going to need an effective conclusion. A conclusion should summarize the main points of the work, so the reader walks away with a basic idea of what you have written.

Yet the conclusion should not simply repeat everything you said in your body paragraphs. In fact, for some writers, the concluding paragraphs are the hardest to write, because they want to say something else about the work without simply restating everything they already wrote.

Learning how to write a conclusion is an important part of becoming a good writer, and this guide will help.

Step 1. Tie in Your Thesis Statement

Step 2. restate your main points, step 3. connect to your opening statements, step 4. add additional insight, what to avoid in your conclusion, basic outline of a conclusion, common types of conclusions, a final word on how to write a conclusion, how to write a conclusion for an essay, how to write a conclusion in a research paper, how to write a conclusion paragraph.

So when you come to the end of your piece of writing, you need to create a conclusion paragraph. This paragraph answers the reader’s question of “so what?” about what you have written. It gives a “why” to what you have already stated.

So how can you write one? Here are some steps to follow that will make your conclusion strong.

Tie your conclusion back to your original thesis statement. While you do not want to copy it word-for-word, you can restate it in a different way.

Doing this shows the reader why you spent the time writing your piece to support your original idea.

Next, restate your main points. Summarize the ideas differently than you originally discussed.

The reader should come away from the conclusion with a thorough review of everything you said in your writing.

Connect your conclusion to the introduction in some way. Since the introduction likely had your thesis statement, this is one way to do so, but you can also tie in the two by stating similar concepts or reviewing the story you opened the piece using.

A good conclusion to a research paper or essay will add a bit of insight to the piece. This is where you tell people why they should care about what you wrote. 

Your additional insight can create a sense of closure as well. The reader should come away from the closing sentence with a feeling that the piece is complete and they have all of the information they need.

When writing a conclusion, you need to avoid some common mistakes . Remember, this is where you want to bring your ideas full circle and leave the reader with a final impression of your writing. As such, avoid these problems:

• Do not introduce a new idea or thesis in the conclusion. If you have something further to say on the topic, it needs to be placed elsewhere in the piece.
• Do not use words like “in summary” or “in conclusion”. The reader should know that you are writing the conclusion and does not need you to state this.
• Avoid changing the tone of your piece. This should stay constant from the first sentence to the final word of your writing. 

There is a basic outline you can follow when writing a  conclusion paragraph . Here is the template to follow:

• Topic Sentence: Repeat your thesis statement in a new way to be the topic sentence of your paragraph. Don’t restate it exactly. While this isn’t plagiarism, it is boring to read.
• Supporting Sentences: Restate your main arguments and points in the next sentences. Connect the ideas to one another.
• Closing Sentence: this is your final statement, call-to-action or concluding thought. It finishes the entire piece.

There are three main types of conclusions you can make in a piece of writing. These include:

• Summarizing: These conclusions rehash the main points of the essay or report. They show the importance of your ideas and cover the key points so the reader remembers what you spoke on. A summary conclusion does not give opinions or feelings.
• Editorializing: These conclusions are part of argumentative essays, and they state the implications of your argument. They may also include a call-to-action on the topic or try to create a personal connection with the reader. This is the type of conclusion that talks about feelings and beliefs.
• Externalizing: These conclusions transition from your essay or paper to further study or some future research on the topic. This is particularly helpful in papers on complex subject matter.

If you follow the basic outline and void common mistakes , you can learn how to write a conclusion that works. Your conclusion gives you the chance to have the last word on your topic and make a restatement of your main ideas. It rounds out the body of the paper and makes your work look finished.

A strong conclusion also has a major impact on the reader. If you have done your job right, it leaves the reader with a new understanding on the topic you have written about and draws the reader to your main conclusion. 

FAQs on How to Write a Conclusion

When you are writing an essay , you will use a basic structure of introduction, supporting paragraphs, and conclusion. The conclusion paragraph will restate your thesis and your supporting paragraphs in a concise, simple format.

A conclusion in a research paper will restate your thesis statement and your main outline points. You may not have room in one paragraph for all of the points of your paper, but the main points get restated in the conclusion.

Nicole Harms has been writing professionally since 2006. She specializes in education content and real estate writing but enjoys a wide gamut of topics. Her goal is to connect with the reader in an engaging, but informative way. Her work has been featured on USA Today, and she ghostwrites for many high-profile companies. As a former teacher, she is passionate about both research and grammar, giving her clients the quality they demand in today's online marketing world.

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17 Essay Conclusion Examples (Copy and Paste)

Essay conclusions are not just extra filler. They are important because they tie together your arguments, then give you the chance to forcefully drive your point home.

I created the 5 Cs conclusion method to help you write essay conclusions:

I’ve previously produced the video below on how to write a conclusion that goes over the above image.

The video follows the 5 C’s method ( you can read about it in this post ), which doesn’t perfectly match each of the below copy-and-paste conclusion examples, but the principles are similar, and can help you to write your own strong conclusion:

💡 New! Try this AI Prompt to Generate a Sample 5Cs Conclusion This is my essay: [INSERT ESSAY WITHOUT THE CONCLUSION]. I want you to write a conclusion for this essay. In the first sentence of the conclusion, return to a statement I made in the introduction. In the second sentence, reiterate the thesis statement I have used. In the third sentence, clarify how my final position is relevant to the Essay Question, which is [ESSAY QUESTION]. In the fourth sentence, explain who should be interested in my findings. In the fifth sentence, end by noting in one final, engaging sentence why this topic is of such importance.

Remember: The prompt can help you generate samples but you can’t submit AI text for assessment. Make sure you write your conclusion in your own words.

Essay Conclusion Examples

Below is a range of copy-and-paste essay conclusions with gaps for you to fill-in your topic and key arguments. Browse through for one you like (there are 17 for argumentative, expository, compare and contrast, and critical essays). Once you’ve found one you like, copy it and add-in the key points to make it your own.

1. Argumentative Essay Conclusions

The arguments presented in this essay demonstrate the significant importance of _____________. While there are some strong counterarguments, such as ____________, it remains clear that the benefits/merits of _____________ far outweigh the potential downsides. The evidence presented throughout the essay strongly support _____________. In the coming years, _____________ will be increasingly important. Therefore, continual advocacy for the position presented in this essay will be necessary, especially due to its significant implications for _____________.

Version 1 Filled-In

The arguments presented in this essay demonstrate the significant importance of fighting climate change. While there are some strong counterarguments, such as the claim that it is too late to stop catastrophic change, it remains clear that the merits of taking drastic action far outweigh the potential downsides. The evidence presented throughout the essay strongly support the claim that we can at least mitigate the worst effects. In the coming years, intergovernmental worldwide agreements will be increasingly important. Therefore, continual advocacy for the position presented in this essay will be necessary, especially due to its significant implications for humankind.

As this essay has shown, it is clear that the debate surrounding _____________ is multifaceted and highly complex. While there are strong arguments opposing the position that _____________, there remains overwhelming evidence to support the claim that _____________. A careful analysis of the empirical evidence suggests that _____________ not only leads to ____________, but it may also be a necessity for _____________. Moving forward, _____________ should be a priority for all stakeholders involved, as it promises a better future for _____________. The focus should now shift towards how best to integrate _____________ more effectively into society.

Version 2 Filled-In

As this essay has shown, it is clear that the debate surrounding climate change is multifaceted and highly complex. While there are strong arguments opposing the position that we should fight climate change, there remains overwhelming evidence to support the claim that action can mitigate the worst effects. A careful analysis of the empirical evidence suggests that strong action not only leads to better economic outcomes in the long term, but it may also be a necessity for preventing climate-related deaths. Moving forward, carbon emission mitigation should be a priority for all stakeholders involved, as it promises a better future for all. The focus should now shift towards how best to integrate smart climate policies more effectively into society.

Based upon the preponderance of evidence, it is evident that _____________ holds the potential to significantly alter/improve _____________. The counterarguments, while noteworthy, fail to diminish the compelling case for _____________. Following an examination of both sides of the argument, it has become clear that _____________ presents the most effective solution/approach to _____________. Consequently, it is imperative that society acknowledge the value of _____________ for developing a better  _____________. Failing to address this topic could lead to negative outcomes, including _____________.

Version 3 Filled-In

Based upon the preponderance of evidence, it is evident that addressing climate change holds the potential to significantly improve the future of society. The counterarguments, while noteworthy, fail to diminish the compelling case for immediate climate action. Following an examination of both sides of the argument, it has become clear that widespread and urgent social action presents the most effective solution to this pressing problem. Consequently, it is imperative that society acknowledge the value of taking immediate action for developing a better environment for future generations. Failing to address this topic could lead to negative outcomes, including more extreme climate events and greater economic externalities.

See Also: Examples of Counterarguments

On the balance of evidence, there is an overwhelming case for _____________. While the counterarguments offer valid points that are worth examining, they do not outweigh or overcome the argument that _____________. An evaluation of both perspectives on this topic concludes that _____________ is the most sufficient option for  _____________. The implications of embracing _____________ do not only have immediate benefits, but they also pave the way for a more _____________. Therefore, the solution of _____________ should be actively pursued by _____________.

Version 4 Filled-In

On the balance of evidence, there is an overwhelming case for immediate tax-based action to mitigate the effects of climate change. While the counterarguments offer valid points that are worth examining, they do not outweigh or overcome the argument that action is urgently necessary. An evaluation of both perspectives on this topic concludes that taking societal-wide action is the most sufficient option for  achieving the best results. The implications of embracing a society-wide approach like a carbon tax do not only have immediate benefits, but they also pave the way for a more healthy future. Therefore, the solution of a carbon tax or equivalent policy should be actively pursued by governments.

2. Expository Essay Conclusions

Overall, it is evident that _____________ plays a crucial role in _____________. The analysis presented in this essay demonstrates the clear impact of _____________ on _____________. By understanding the key facts about _____________, practitioners/society are better equipped to navigate _____________. Moving forward, further exploration of _____________ will yield additional insights and information about _____________. As such, _____________ should remain a focal point for further discussions and studies on _____________.

Overall, it is evident that social media plays a crucial role in harming teenagers’ mental health. The analysis presented in this essay demonstrates the clear impact of social media on young people. By understanding the key facts about the ways social media cause young people to experience body dysmorphia, teachers and parents are better equipped to help young people navigate online spaces. Moving forward, further exploration of the ways social media cause harm will yield additional insights and information about how it can be more sufficiently regulated. As such, the effects of social media on youth should remain a focal point for further discussions and studies on youth mental health.

To conclude, this essay has explored the multi-faceted aspects of _____________. Through a careful examination of _____________, this essay has illuminated its significant influence on _____________. This understanding allows society to appreciate the idea that _____________. As research continues to emerge, the importance of _____________ will only continue to grow. Therefore, an understanding of _____________ is not merely desirable, but imperative for _____________.

To conclude, this essay has explored the multi-faceted aspects of globalization. Through a careful examination of globalization, this essay has illuminated its significant influence on the economy, cultures, and society. This understanding allows society to appreciate the idea that globalization has both positive and negative effects. As research continues to emerge, the importance of studying globalization will only continue to grow. Therefore, an understanding of globalization’s effects is not merely desirable, but imperative for judging whether it is good or bad.

Reflecting on the discussion, it is clear that _____________ serves a pivotal role in _____________. By delving into the intricacies of _____________, we have gained valuable insights into its impact and significance. This knowledge will undoubtedly serve as a guiding principle in _____________. Moving forward, it is paramount to remain open to further explorations and studies on _____________. In this way, our understanding and appreciation of _____________ can only deepen and expand.

Reflecting on the discussion, it is clear that mass media serves a pivotal role in shaping public opinion. By delving into the intricacies of mass media, we have gained valuable insights into its impact and significance. This knowledge will undoubtedly serve as a guiding principle in shaping the media landscape. Moving forward, it is paramount to remain open to further explorations and studies on how mass media impacts society. In this way, our understanding and appreciation of mass media’s impacts can only deepen and expand.

In conclusion, this essay has shed light on the importance of _____________ in the context of _____________. The evidence and analysis provided underscore the profound effect _____________ has on _____________. The knowledge gained from exploring _____________ will undoubtedly contribute to more informed and effective decisions in _____________. As we continue to progress, the significance of understanding _____________ will remain paramount. Hence, we should strive to deepen our knowledge of _____________ to better navigate and influence _____________.

In conclusion, this essay has shed light on the importance of bedside manner in the context of nursing. The evidence and analysis provided underscore the profound effect compassionate bedside manner has on patient outcome. The knowledge gained from exploring nurses’ bedside manner will undoubtedly contribute to more informed and effective decisions in nursing practice. As we continue to progress, the significance of understanding nurses’ bedside manner will remain paramount. Hence, we should strive to deepen our knowledge of this topic to better navigate and influence patient outcomes.

See More: How to Write an Expository Essay

3. Compare and Contrast Essay Conclusion

While both _____________ and _____________ have similarities such as _____________, they also have some very important differences in areas like _____________. Through this comparative analysis, a broader understanding of _____________ and _____________ has been attained. The choice between the two will largely depend on _____________. For example, as highlighted in the essay, ____________. Despite their differences, both _____________ and _____________ have value in different situations.

While both macrosociology and microsociology have similarities such as their foci on how society is structured, they also have some very important differences in areas like their differing approaches to research methodologies. Through this comparative analysis, a broader understanding of macrosociology and microsociology has been attained. The choice between the two will largely depend on the researcher’s perspective on how society works. For example, as highlighted in the essay, microsociology is much more concerned with individuals’ experiences while macrosociology is more concerned with social structures. Despite their differences, both macrosociology and microsociology have value in different situations.

It is clear that _____________ and _____________, while seeming to be different, have shared characteristics in _____________. On the other hand, their contrasts in _____________ shed light on their unique features. The analysis provides a more nuanced comprehension of these subjects. In choosing between the two, consideration should be given to _____________. Despite their disparities, it’s crucial to acknowledge the importance of both when it comes to _____________.

It is clear that behaviorism and consructivism, while seeming to be different, have shared characteristics in their foci on knowledge acquisition over time. On the other hand, their contrasts in ideas about the role of experience in learning shed light on their unique features. The analysis provides a more nuanced comprehension of these subjects. In choosing between the two, consideration should be given to which approach works best in which situation. Despite their disparities, it’s crucial to acknowledge the importance of both when it comes to student education.

Reflecting on the points discussed, it’s evident that _____________ and _____________ share similarities such as _____________, while also demonstrating unique differences, particularly in _____________. The preference for one over the other would typically depend on factors such as _____________. Yet, regardless of their distinctions, both _____________ and _____________ play integral roles in their respective areas, significantly contributing to _____________.

Reflecting on the points discussed, it’s evident that red and orange share similarities such as the fact they are both ‘hot colors’, while also demonstrating unique differences, particularly in their social meaning (red meaning danger and orange warmth). The preference for one over the other would typically depend on factors such as personal taste. Yet, regardless of their distinctions, both red and orange play integral roles in their respective areas, significantly contributing to color theory.

Ultimately, the comparison and contrast of _____________ and _____________ have revealed intriguing similarities and notable differences. Differences such as _____________ give deeper insights into their unique and shared qualities. When it comes to choosing between them, _____________ will likely be a deciding factor. Despite these differences, it is important to remember that both _____________ and _____________ hold significant value within the context of _____________, and each contributes to _____________ in its own unique way.

Ultimately, the comparison and contrast of driving and flying have revealed intriguing similarities and notable differences. Differences such as their differing speed to destination give deeper insights into their unique and shared qualities. When it comes to choosing between them, urgency to arrive at the destination will likely be a deciding factor. Despite these differences, it is important to remember that both driving and flying hold significant value within the context of air transit, and each contributes to facilitating movement in its own unique way.

See Here for More Compare and Contrast Essay Examples

4. Critical Essay Conclusion

In conclusion, the analysis of _____________ has unveiled critical aspects related to _____________. While there are strengths in _____________, its limitations are equally telling. This critique provides a more informed perspective on _____________, revealing that there is much more beneath the surface. Moving forward, the understanding of _____________ should evolve, considering both its merits and flaws.

In conclusion, the analysis of flow theory has unveiled critical aspects related to motivation and focus. While there are strengths in achieving a flow state, its limitations are equally telling. This critique provides a more informed perspective on how humans achieve motivation, revealing that there is much more beneath the surface. Moving forward, the understanding of flow theory of motivation should evolve, considering both its merits and flaws.

To conclude, this critical examination of _____________ sheds light on its multi-dimensional nature. While _____________ presents notable advantages, it is not without its drawbacks. This in-depth critique offers a comprehensive understanding of _____________. Therefore, future engagements with _____________ should involve a balanced consideration of its strengths and weaknesses.

To conclude, this critical examination of postmodern art sheds light on its multi-dimensional nature. While postmodernism presents notable advantages, it is not without its drawbacks. This in-depth critique offers a comprehensive understanding of how it has contributed to the arts over the past 50 years. Therefore, future engagements with postmodern art should involve a balanced consideration of its strengths and weaknesses.

Upon reflection, the critique of _____________ uncovers profound insights into its underlying intricacies. Despite its positive aspects such as ________, it’s impossible to overlook its shortcomings. This analysis provides a nuanced understanding of _____________, highlighting the necessity for a balanced approach in future interactions. Indeed, both the strengths and weaknesses of _____________ should be taken into account when considering ____________.

Upon reflection, the critique of marxism uncovers profound insights into its underlying intricacies. Despite its positive aspects such as its ability to critique exploitation of labor, it’s impossible to overlook its shortcomings. This analysis provides a nuanced understanding of marxism’s harmful effects when used as an economic theory, highlighting the necessity for a balanced approach in future interactions. Indeed, both the strengths and weaknesses of marxism should be taken into account when considering the use of its ideas in real life.

Ultimately, this critique of _____________ offers a detailed look into its advantages and disadvantages. The strengths of _____________ such as __________ are significant, yet its limitations such as _________ are not insignificant. This balanced analysis not only offers a deeper understanding of _____________ but also underscores the importance of critical evaluation. Hence, it’s crucial that future discussions around _____________ continue to embrace this balanced approach.

Ultimately, this critique of artificial intelligence offers a detailed look into its advantages and disadvantages. The strengths of artificial intelligence, such as its ability to improve productivity are significant, yet its limitations such as the possibility of mass job losses are not insignificant. This balanced analysis not only offers a deeper understanding of artificial intelligence but also underscores the importance of critical evaluation. Hence, it’s crucial that future discussions around the regulation of artificial intelligence continue to embrace this balanced approach.

This article promised 17 essay conclusions, and this one you are reading now is the twenty-first. This last conclusion demonstrates that the very best essay conclusions are written uniquely, from scratch, in order to perfectly cater the conclusion to the topic. A good conclusion will tie together all the key points you made in your essay and forcefully drive home the importance or relevance of your argument, thesis statement, or simply your topic so the reader is left with one strong final point to ponder.

Chris Drew (PhD)

Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. [Image Descriptor: Photo of Chris]

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Concluding Paragraph Starters

Written by Dan

Last updated October 10, 2023

As teachers, writing is an integral part of our job; it helps to build critical thinking skills and encourages creativity. But with so much content to produce, crafting the perfect conclusion for each assignment or lesson plan we create can get overwhelming.

To help you through this often-challenging process, we’ve compiled a list of some all-star concluding paragraph starters that make summarizing easy and efficient!

This post has everything you need to find your finishing touch, from how-to guide examples to inspiring words to a range of creative ideas.

So put your pen down, and let’s start giving your writing the grand finale it deserves!

Table of Contents

The Role of a Concluding Paragraph

Picture this: You’ve journeyed through the valleys of your introduction, scaled the mountains of your body paragraphs, and now you’re standing at the edge of your conclusion. But what is the purpose of this final stretch? What role does it play in your essay or paper?

Simply put, a concluding paragraph serves as the final act in your written narrative. It is the curtain call, the encore performance, tying all your thoughts together into one cohesive bundle. It’s not merely a summary of your main points, but rather a synthesis of the ideas you’ve presented, an opportunity to drive your argument home.

The conclusion has an essential role in enhancing the reader’s understanding. It revisits the thesis statement, recaps the main points, and leaves the audience with a lasting impression or something to ponder upon. It’s your last chance to make an impact, to ensure your voice resonates even after the reader has moved on.

In addition, a well-crafted conclusion can significantly enhance the reader’s retention of your content. We’ve always been guilty of skimming through a lengthy article or paper. However, when we conclude, we expect it to capture the piece’s essence succinctly.

A robust conclusion can reinforce the key messages, making them more memorable. It’s like the perfect finishing touch on a sundae – small in size yet impactful enough to leave a lasting impression.

Characteristics of Effective Conclusion Starters

Just as a riveting introduction draws your reader in, a compelling conclusion ensures they leave with your key messages echoing in their minds. But what makes a conclusion starter effective?

How does one craft that perfect opening line to an outcome that both summarizes and synthesizes? Let’s delve into the key characteristics that set apart truly effective conclusion starters.

Clarity and Brevity

An effective conclusion starter is clear and concise. It should signal to the reader that they’ve reached the final segment of your piece without being verbose or ambiguous.

A good practice is to limit your conclusion starter to just a few words that succinctly introduce the closing paragraph.

Transitional Nature

Transitions are the secret sauce of seamless writing, and conclusion starters are no exception. They should serve as a bridge, guiding your readers from the body of your content to its conclusion. Phrases like “In conclusion,” “To sum up,” or “Ultimately” can effectively accomplish this task.

Recapitulation

An impactful conclusion starter revisits the subject at hand. It doesn’t introduce new ideas but rather harks back to the thesis statement or topic sentence , creating a sense of coherence and unity.

Lastly, an effective conclusion starter engages the reader. It doesn’t merely signal the end; it also piques interest, prompting the reader to pay attention to your final thoughts. This could be achieved by posing a rhetorical question or making a thought-provoking statement.

Now that we know the characteristics of effective conclusion starters, let’s look at some examples:

• Clear and Brief: “In summary,”
• Transitional: “Finally,”
• Recapitulative: “Revisiting our initial question,”
• Engaging: “Let’s reflect on,”

Lists of Concluding Paragraph Starters

Summative conclusions.

Summative conclusions are all about encapsulating the essence of your content. These starters aim to briefly summarize your piece’s main points or arguments. Some effective summative conclusion starters include:

• “In summary,”
• “To wrap things up,”
• “Overall, it’s clear that,”
• “In short,”

Broad Conclusions

Broad conclusions take a step back to look at the bigger picture. These starters provide a broader context for your arguments, linking your content to more general themes or implications. Here are some broad conclusion starters to consider:

• “In the grand scheme of things,”
• “From a wider perspective,”
• “Considering the bigger picture,”
• “When we step back and look at the overarching theme,”

Inspiring Conclusions

There’s nothing quite like leaving your reader with a spark of inspiration. Inspiring conclusions encourage reflection and further thought, pushing your audience to ponder the implications of your content. Try these inspiring conclusion starters:

• “Imagine if,”
• “What if we took this a step further and,”
• “Looking ahead, we can see potential for,”
• “As we strive for improvement,”

Creative Conclusions

Finally, let’s not forget the power of creativity. Creative conclusions employ unique phrasing or unexpected angles to keep the reader engaged until the very end. Unleash your creativity with these starters:

• “As we sail off into the sunset of this topic,”
• “As the curtain falls on our discussion,”
• “Like the final note in a symphony,”
• “As we close the book on this chapter,”

Remember, the best conclusion starter fits seamlessly with your piece’s tone and content. Don’t be afraid to experiment with different categories to find the one that resonates most with your writing style and your audience’s expectations. After all, it’s the final impression that counts!

How to Use Conclusion Starters Effectively

Understand your audience.

First and foremost, you need to understand your audience. Are they professionals seeking in-depth insights or novices looking for an easy-to-understand overview?

The answer will guide your choice of conclusion starters. For instance, a professional audience might appreciate broad or inspiring conclusions, while a more casual reader may connect better with creative or summative conclusions.

Match the Tone of Your Content

Your conclusion starter should match the tone of your content. A summative conclusion starter like “In summary” might work best if your piece is analytical.

On the other hand, if your content is more narrative-driven, a creative conclusion like “As we sail off into the sunset of this topic” could be more fitting.

Use Them as a Guide

Remember, conclusion starters are just that – starters. They’re a launching pad for your final thoughts, not the thoughts themselves. Ensure your conclusion expands on the starter, providing closure and leaving the reader with something to consider.

Now, let’s look at some examples of how these starters can be used in various pieces of writing:

• Blog Post: “Understanding the basics of SEO not only increases website traffic but also enhances user experience and site usability.”
• Academic Essay: “In the grand scheme of things , the impacts of climate change extend far beyond environmental degradation, affecting socio-economic structures worldwide.
• Motivational Speech: “Imagine if we all took a step towards sustainable living; the world would be a much healthier place.”
• Story: “As we close the book on this chapter, our hero’s journey has only just begun.”

Common Mistakes to Avoid When Writing a Conclusion

Writing a conclusion is akin to tying a bow on a gift. The final flourish wraps up your content, offering closure and leaving a lasting impression. However, not all conclusions hit the mark.

Some fumble at the finish line, tripping over common pitfalls that can diminish the impact of an otherwise strong piece. But what are these mistakes, and how can we sidestep them? Let’s unravel this mystery together.

Introducing New Ideas

One of the most common mistakes in writing conclusions is introducing new ideas. Remember, a conclusion is meant to wrap up your existing points, not open up new ones.

It’s like a curtain call after a grand performance; it’s not the time to introduce a brand new character. Always ensure that your conclusion circles back to the ideas or arguments you’ve already presented in your content.

Over-Complication

Another pitfall is over-complicating your conclusion. Yes, your conclusion should be thoughtful and impactful, but it should also be clear and concise.

Avoid using jargon or complex language that could confuse your reader. Instead, opt for simple, straightforward language that succinctly captures your key points . Think of it as a neat summary, a clear sky after a storm of ideas.

Lack of Connection

A conclusion that doesn’t connect with the rest of the content is like a puzzle piece that doesn’t fit. It’s jarring and disrupts the flow of your narrative.

Ensure your conclusion aligns with your introduction and body paragraphs, creating a seamless transition that reinforces your main points.

Ignoring the Reader

Lastly, ignoring the reader is a mistake often made in conclusion writing. A powerful conclusion engages the reader, prompting them to reflect on your content or take action.

Don’t miss this opportunity to forge a connection with your audience. Use inclusive language and pose thought-provoking questions to keep your reader engaged until the end.

Consider this: your conclusion is your parting shot, your final opportunity to leave an impression on your reader. It’s the crescendo of your symphony, the dramatic finale of your performance.

It’s your chance to reinforce your main points, provoke thought, inspire action, and create a lasting connection with your audience. In short, a well-crafted conclusion can elevate your content from ordinary to extraordinary.

So, as we conclude our discussion (notice the conclusion starter?), remember this: mastering the art of writing a compelling conclusion is more than just a writing skill. It’s a tool for engagement, a catalyst for action, a beacon of clarity amidst a sea of ideas.

And with the insights we’ve shared today, you’re well on your way to wielding this tool with finesse. So why not give it a shot in your next piece? You might just surprise yourself with the results!

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1: what are conclusion starters, and why are they important.

Conclusion starters are phrases or words used to introduce the concluding part of your piece. They help summarize your main points, provide closure, and leave a lasting impression on your readers.

Q2: How can I choose the right conclusion starter?

Understanding your audience is key. The choice of your conclusion starter should be guided by whether your readers are professionals seeking in-depth insights or novices looking for an easy-to-understand overview. Additionally, matching the tone of your content is crucial.

Q3: Can you give me examples of how to use conclusion starters?

Blog Post: “In summary, understanding the basics of SEO not only increases website traffic but also enhances user experience and site usability.” Academic Essay: “In the grand scheme of things, the impacts of climate change extend far beyond environmental degradation, affecting socio-economic structures worldwide.” Motivational Speech: “Imagine if we all took a step towards sustainable living; the world would be a much healthier place.” Story: “As we close the book on this chapter, our hero’s journey has only just begun.”

Q4: What are some common mistakes to avoid when writing a conclusion?

Some common pitfalls include introducing new ideas, over-complicating the conclusion, lack of connection with the rest of the content, and ignoring the reader. Each of these can disrupt the flow and impact of your narrative.

Q5: How can I avoid these common conclusion-writing mistakes?

To avoid these mistakes, always ensure that your conclusion circles back to the ideas or arguments you’ve already presented in your content. Keep it simple and clear, make sure it aligns with your introduction and body paragraphs, and engage your reader with inclusive language and thought-provoking questions.

Q6: Why is mastering the art of writing a compelling conclusion so important?

Your conclusion is your final opportunity to leave an impression on your reader. It’s your chance to reinforce your main points, provoke thought, inspire action, and create a lasting connection with your audience. A well-crafted conclusion can elevate your content from ordinary to extraordinary.

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Concluding an Essay: 100+ Good Ways to Start a Conclusion Sentence

Table of contents

You must be aware that the introduction of a write-up is pivotal for it to be engaging, and interesting.

But did you know that the way you end or conclude an academic writing assignment is as important as how you begin writing the content?

This is where concluding sentences come in.

In this article, we will share some good ways to start a conclusion sentence but before that, why are concluding paragraphs so important?

Why is it Important to Start a Conclusion Well

Conclusion starters for any type of academic writing are essentially used to grab the attention of its readers. These conclusion sentences let your professor or peers know that your writing assignment, be it an essay, speech, or research paper, is coming to an end and it's time to wrap up all the important points in one brief summation.

Without concluding sentences in your conclusion paragraph, the flow of your assignment could go wrong and would eventually lead to an abrupt and confusing closure.

As a college student, you will be given a variety of writing assignments, including research papers, essay assignments, speech writings, and even professional emails to test your subject-wise knowledge, creative thinking, and writing skills .

When you’re writing your paper and it’s time to conclude your writing assignment, you must use professional, appropriate, and assignment-wise concluding sentences for your conclusion paragraph.

Here are the important characteristics for effective conclusion starters:

• Sum up all relevant information, ideas, and examples, without adding any new information;
• Effectively link the rest of the body to the conclusion paragraph;
• Few words that introduce the first sentence of the concluding paragraph;
• Set the reader's expectation by clarifying how the assignment will be wrapping up and coming to a closure;
• Make readers aware that they have reached the final paragraph of the writing assignment;
• Portray that the conclusion paragraph is a summary of your entire write-up with a possible call-to-action or quotes (if necessary).

100+ Good Ways to Start a Conclusion Sentence

We now know the importance and characteristics of a grade-A conclusion. So, let's look at some good ways to start a conclusion sentence for common writing tasks such as essays, speeches, research papers, opinion writing, presentations and emails.

Conclusion words for essays

For concluding an essay, it is crucial to use sentences that convey a sense of completeness – a summary of the entire essay – leaving room for a little bit of possibility to comprehend the essay topic.

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Here are a few you can consider:

• To wrap it all up
• The study concluded
• The broader conclusion is that
• Coming to a conclusion
• All things considered
• For the most part
• As a final point
• According to the final analysis
• The summative conclusion is that
• The weight of the evidence suggests
• At the core of the issue
• Given the above information
• In lieu of this
• I think I have shown that
• As you can see
• For these reasons
• In layman’s terms
• To briefly paraphrase
• Weighing up the facts, this essay finds

Conclusion words for research papers

Including a strong conclusion for research papers will not only remind the readers about the impact and significance of the arguments but also refocuses their attention to the credible evidence and other crucial points presented to support your arguments and ideas.

• Based on the results
• It can/cannot be conclusively stated that
• The results of this study indicate
• In the final analysis
• In the light of these results
• What this study reveals is
• While additional research is needed
• Upon analyzing the data
• As expected, the results signify
• Based on the evidence presented
• In the context of the concept
• The result of this research showcases
• Unexpectedly the data reveals
• Due to the result
• On reviewing these findings, it can be stated
• The significant revelations made by this study
• To assume from the data
• Based on the results of this study, it seems
• The data clearly indicate
• What we know now is
• In the context of x, it seems that
• Through this research, we learned that
• As this paper demonstrates
• The facts support the argument that

Conclusion words for emails

Each email you send out to your professors creates an impression on them. They represent your personality and thoughts. That’s why it is important to be thoughtful, professional and appropriate while writing, or even, ending your emails.

Here are a few conclusion words you can consider:

• Looking forward to hearing from you
• With appreciation
• Eager to work around your schedule
• I sincerely appreciate your help
• Looking forward to your reply
• Speak with you soon
• Let me know if you have any questions
• Happy to help if you want to know more
• Thanks again for…
• Have a great day/week/weekend
• Hope your weekend is going well
• Thank you for your hard work
• Thanks for your consideration
• Appreciate your time and consideration
• Keep up the great work
• Please let me know if that's okay/sounds okay/acceptable to you
• Please let me know what you think/when might be a good time
• Please reach out to me for any help/information
• If you have any (more) questions, please let me know
• If anything isn't clear, let me know
• I hope we have the opportunity to meet again/soon
• I look forward to doing business with you again/soon
• Thank you (in advance)
• Any help you can offer me, I’d greatly appreciate it
• Thank you in advance for your assistance
• Thank you for your corporation
• Have a good morning/day/evening/break/holiday
• I hope that answers all your questions
• Please let me know your thoughts on this matter

Conclusion words for speeches

Having the right words to end your speech will get you positive quality scores, will leave a great lasting impression on your readers, a concluding thought to remind them what they’ve learned through the speech, and will also help in ending your write-up on a creative and appropriate note.

Here are a few words you can consider:

• I look forward to
• I recommend that
• Now you know why
• Looking back
• I hope you can now learn that
• In the future
• You should now consider
• The time has come to
• Last but not the least
• I agree that
• With all these in mind
• Considering all perspectives
• As I’ve observed
• To make a long story short
• As the time comes to wrap up
• Nevertheless
• To summarise
• In drawing to a close
• In light of this information
• Given these points
• In a nutshell
• I leave you with
• Finally today
• On a final note
• I would like to say finally
• I conclude with

Here’s an interesting video by Mary Daphne on how to end speeches and create a lasting impact.

Conclusion words for presentations

People usually focus more on a strong introduction for their presentation and end up neglecting to find good conclusion words for the end.

A good presentation conclusion will end with an effective and thorough summary, a creative call-to-action, an invitation for your audience to ask any questions regarding your topic, and lastly, to signal that the presentation is coming to a closure.

• This brings me to the end of my presentation; I’d like to summarize
• I’ve now come to the end of my presentation
• This is what I have for you today
• To close, I’d like to ask you all one thing
• Finally, I would like you to pay attention to
• Before leaving the presentation today, please take 2 minutes
• And on that final note, that concludes my presentation
• To quickly recap, please keep in mind these key points
• I’d like to bring this presentation to a close
• To end, I’d like to highlight
• If anyone has any questions, please feel free to ask me now
• If you’d like any more information, please reach out to me
• Here’s a list of additional reading materials on this topic
• I appreciate the opportunity to speak with you today
• Thank you for your time and patience

Conclusion words for opinion writing

To make your opinion writing an excellent piece of content, choosing to use the right concluding methods is a game-changer. In this, you can conclude your opinion essay by asking a question, suggesting consequences of actions, or even signaling a warning, to grasp your reader's attention.

Here are a few words you can consider while writing opinion pieces:

• To sum it up
• To conclude
• It is clear that
• In conclusion
• I have to say that
• It seems to me
• As previously stated
• I hope you’ll agree that
• You might want to try
• In my opinion
• That's why I think
• As per my perspective

The takeaway

Just as the first impression matters, so does the last.

The conclusion you write for your writing assessments is an opportunity for you to express the closure of the topic in a professional, tidy, and engaging manner. Irrespective of what kind of writing assignment it is, it is of utmost importance to leave a lasting impression on your reader's mind as you conclude your topic.

Our exhaustive list of some good ways to start a conclusion sentence would be effective in making your writing or sharing your speech a memorable experience with your readers (or listeners).

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Table of Contents

Ai, ethics & human agency, collaboration, information literacy, writing process, conclusions – how to write compelling conclusions.

• © 2023 by Jennifer Janechek - IBM Quantum

Conclusions generally address these issues:

• How can you restate your ideas concisely and in a new way?
• What have you left your reader to think about at the end of your paper?
• How does your paper answer the “so what?” question?

As the last part of the paper, conclusions often get the short shrift. We instructors know (not that we condone it)—many students devote a lot less attention to the writing of the conclusion. Some students might even finish their conclusion thirty minutes before they have to turn in their papers. But even if you’re practicing desperation writing, don’t neglect your conclusion; it’s a very integral part of your paper.

Think about it: Why would you spend so much time writing your introductory material and your body paragraphs and then kill the paper by leaving your reader with a dud for a conclusion? Rather than simply trailing off at the end, it’s important to learn to construct a compelling conclusion—one that both reiterates your ideas and leaves your reader with something to think about.

How do I reiterate my main points?

In the first part of the conclusion, you should spend a brief amount of time summarizing what you’ve covered in your paper. This reiteration should not merely be a restatement of your thesis or a collection of your topic sentences but should be a condensed version of your argument, topic, and/or purpose.

Let’s take a look at an example reiteration from a paper about offshore drilling:

Ideally, a ban on all offshore drilling is the answer to the devastating and culminating environmental concerns that result when oil spills occur. Given the catastrophic history of three major oil spills, the environmental and economic consequences of offshore drilling should now be obvious.

Now, let’s return to the thesis statement in this paper so we can see if it differs from the conclusion:

As a nation, we should reevaluate all forms of offshore drilling, but deep water offshore oil drilling, specifically, should be banned until the technology to stop and clean up oil spills catches up with our drilling technology. Though some may argue that offshore drilling provides economic advantages and would lessen our dependence on foreign oil, the environmental and economic consequences of an oil spill are so drastic that they far outweigh the advantages.

The author has already discussed environmental/economic concerns with oil drilling. In the above example, the author provides an overview of the paper in the second sentence of the conclusion, recapping the main points and reminding the readers that they should now be willing to acknowledge this position as viable.

Though you may not always want to take this aggressive of an approach (i.e., saying something should be obvious to the reader), the key is to summarize your main ideas without “plagiarizing” by repeating yourself word for word. Instead, you may take the approach of saying, “The readers can now see, given the catastrophic history of three major oil spills, the environmental and economic consequences of oil drilling.”

Can you give me a real-life example of a conclusion?

Think of conclusions this way: You are watching a movie, which has just reached the critical plot point (the murderer will be revealed, the couple will finally kiss, the victim will be rescued, etc.), when someone else enters the room. This person has no idea what is happening in the movie. They might lean over to ask, “What’s going on?” You now have to condense the entire plot in a way that makes sense, so the person will not have to ask any other questions, but quickly, so that you don’t miss any more of the movie.

Your conclusion in a paper works in a similar way. When you write your conclusion, imagine that a person has just showed up in time to hear the last paragraph. What does that reader need to know in order to get the gist of your paper? You cannot go over the entire argument again because the rest of your readers have actually been present and listening the whole time. They don’t need to hear the details again. Writing a compelling conclusion usually relies on the balance between two needs: give enough detail to cover your point, but be brief enough to make it obvious that this is the end of the paper.

Remember that reiteration is not restatement. Summarize your paper in one to two sentences (or even three or four, depending on the length of the paper), and then move on to answering the “So what?” question.

How can I answer the “So what?” question?

The bulk of your conclusion should answer the “So what?” question. Have you ever had an instructor write “So what?” at the end of your paper? This is not meant to offend but rather to remind you to show readers the significance of your argument. Readers do not need or want an entire paragraph of summary, so you should craft some new tidbit of interesting information that serves as an extension of your original ideas.

There are a variety of ways that you can answer the “So what?” question. The following are just a few types of such “endnotes”:

The Call to Action

The call to action can be used at the end of a variety of papers, but it works best for persuasive papers. Persuasive papers include social action papers and Rogerian argument essays, which begin with a problem and move toward a solution that serves as the author’s thesis. Any time your purpose in writing is to change your readers’ minds or you want to get your readers to do something, the call to action is the way to go. The call to action asks your readers, after having progressed through a compelling and coherent argument, to do something or believe a certain way.

Following the reiteration of the essay’s argument, here is an example call to action:

We have advanced technology that allows deepwater offshore drilling, but we lack the similarly advanced technology that would manage these spills effectively. As such, until cleanup and prevention technology are available, we gatekeepers of our coastal shores and defenders of marine wildlife should ban offshore drilling, or, at the very least, demand a moratorium on all offshore oil drilling.

This call to action requests that the readers consider a ban on offshore drilling. Remember, you need to identify your audience before you begin writing. Whether the author wants readers to actually enact the ban or just to come to this side of the argument, the conclusion asks readers to do or believe something new based upon the information they just received.

The Contextualization

The contextualization places the author’s local argument, topic, or purpose in a more global context so that readers can see the larger purpose for the piece or where the piece fits into a larger conversation. Writers do research for papers in part so they can enter into specific conversations, and they provide their readers with a contextualization in the conclusion to acknowledge the broader dialogue that contains that smaller conversation.

For instance, if we were to return to the paper on offshore drilling, rather than proposing a ban (a call to action), we might provide the reader with a contextualization:

We have advanced technology that allows deepwater offshore drilling, but we lack the advanced technology that would manage these spills effectively. Thus, one can see the need to place environmental concerns at the forefront of the political arena. Many politicians have already done so, including Senator Doe and Congresswoman Smith.

Rather than asking readers to do or believe something, this conclusion answers the “So what?” question by showing why this specific conversation about offshore drilling matters in the larger conversation about politics and environmentalism.

The twist leaves readers with a contrasting idea to consider. For instance, to continue the offshore drilling paper, the author might provide readers with a twist in the last few lines of the conclusion:

While offshore drilling is certainly an important issue today, it is only a small part of the greater problem of environmental abuse. Until we are ready to address global issues, even a moratorium on offshore drilling will only delay the inevitable destruction of the environment.

While this contrasting idea does not negate the writer’s original argument, it does present an alternative contrasting idea to weigh against the original argument. The twist is similar to a cliffhanger, as it is intended to leave readers saying, “Hmm…”

Suggest Possibilities for Future Research

This approach to answering “So what?” is best for projects that might be developed into larger, ongoing projects later or to suggest possibilities for future research someone else who might be interested in that topic could explore. This approach involves pinpointing various directions which your research might take if someone were to extend the ideas included in your paper. Research is a conversation, so it’s important to consider how your piece fits into this conversation and how others might use it in their own conversations.

For example, to suggest possibilities for future research based on the paper on offshore drilling, the conclusion might end with something like this:

I have just explored the economic and environmental repercussions of offshore drilling based on the examples we have of three major oil spills over the past thirty years. Future research might uncover more economic and environmental consequences of offshore drilling, consequences that will become clearer as the effects of the BP oil spill become more pronounced and as more time passes.

Suggesting opportunities for future research involves the reader in the paper, just like the call to action. Readers may be inspired by your brilliant ideas to use your piece as a jumping-off point!

Whether you use a call to action, a twist, a contextualization, or a suggestion of future possibilities for research, it’s important to answer the “So what?” question to keep readers interested in your topic until the very end of the paper. And, perhaps more importantly, leaving your readers with something to consider makes it more likely that they will remember your piece of writing.

Revise your own argument by using the following questions to guide you:

• What do you want readers to take away from your discussion?
• What are the main points you made, why should readers care, and what ideas should they take away?

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Examples of Good Conclusion Starters for Essays and Speeches

When preparing a speech or an essay, the most common hurdle that many come across is writing a strong conclusion. This Penlighten article enlists some good ideas for conclusion starters for essays and speeches, and also provides some information on how to make the final lines of your work effective.

Keep A Check!

When writing an essay, keep the topic in mind when forming a conclusion. If the essay requires a creative initiation to the final paragraph, then write it accordingly. Avoid cliched endings like, ‘To conclude’ or ‘Lastly’ where possible. While giving a speech, keep the time limit in mind. Do not end it abruptly, and never ever say something like, ‘Okay, so I have talked long enough. I’ll conclude quickly here by saying…’. There’s no need to be sorry for giving your speech!

Any speech or essay has three parts – the beginning, main body, and conclusion. All three sections are equally important. If you begin your speech or essay with a weak opening, you run the risk of losing the attention of your audience. If the main body is not factual enough or sufficiently researched, then your message will not be communicated properly and your efforts will be in vain. The conclusion of your work is also extremely important. It needs to be effective enough to leave a lasting impact on the minds of your audience. If the ending is weak, then the reader or listener will tend to forget it pretty quickly.

The main aim of a conclusion is to hammer your point home. It has to convince your audience that what you are saying is something significant and must be looked into. A conclusion has the power to make or break your work; but fret not. It is really not that difficult to make your speech or essay end on a powerful note. Check out the following paragraphs to find some good conclusion starters for essays and speeches, and also to know some basics for adding a good finishing touch to your work.

Ways to start a conclusion

There are many ways to conclude an essay or speech. It is not necessary to go with a particular type of ending for all your works. It must be customized according to the content. Every topic demands a different conclusion style. Here are a few ideas to get you started.

Sample topic – A rise in the number of motor vehicles, leading to an increase in pollution.

Summarizing the entire work

This is an impersonal conclusion style. Here, the highlights of the work can be summarized into a few lines. You can make your point once again in a nutshell. This type of conclusion does not require a personal tone; the tone must be practical and detached, yet effective enough to leave a mark on the audience. It is good for argumentative essays. Read the following example.

“It is safe to say, after looking at the staggering statistics, that urgent action is the need of the hour. Making people aware is the first step towards bringing this situation back into control. Options like car pooling, cycling, or using public transport will pay off in the long run, even if they do not give instant results. Timely action and a little bit of compromise are the need of the hour, to save our planet from imminent destruction.”

Personalizing it

If you are writing/speaking about a topic that you feel strongly for, then you can conclude it by voicing your opinions or views about it. This is an effective way to make the conclusion memorable. This is good for persuasive essays. Follow this method only if you are personally involved in the topic; that way it will be easier for you to put your thoughts into words.

“I fear that at the rate at which pollution is rising, there will not be enough time for us to take corrective measures and salvage the situation. We need to act fast and act now. Sure, there will be a few compromises in our path; we may have to leave earlier to catch the bus or train, or we may need to drive for more distance on our carpool day; but look at the bigger picture. It is these small initiatives that will go a long way in helping our planet. We are the change, and it is time we embrace it.”

Diverting it to a complimentary issue

You can subtly lead your essay/speech to another issue, which is, of course, logically connected to your current topic. For example, if you are talking about the rise in drug use among today’s youth, you can conclude your piece by talking about what the schools or communities should do to help these kids. This will leave the audience thinking about your work from a different viewpoint.

“The alarming statistics show that in a few years time, every home will have at least two cars, or even more. This is not going to help the issue of environmental pollution in any way. The Government should begin making people aware of the imminent danger we all are in. If there are some guidelines chalked out, then it will be easier for everyone. What happens in this direction remains to be seen. After all, change is said to be successful only if it reaches till the topmost level. Let us pledge ourselves to a more responsible lifestyle, and a safer planet.”

What not to do

The samples given above were just some examples of the three types of conclusions. Although these have the power to give your speech/essay a strong end, there are some things that you must be careful of. Read the following list to know what you must stay away from while writing concluding statements.

► Do not drag it out. It must be concise and to the point. ► Try to include the main topic of your work into the conclusion. However, use different words. ► Make the last sentence more creative than the others. ► Try not to use too much of decorative language. ► Do not waver from the main topic if writing about a complimentary issue. ► Keep the conclusion as a summary of the entire essay/speech. Do not make it about any one point.

List of ideas for good conclusion starters

Now that you have an idea about how to write a good and effective conclusion to your speech/essay, check out some conclusion starter examples for the same. These are some of the standard ways to initiate the final part of your work.

• To conclude, I would like to say…
• (Only) To conclude…
• To sum up…
• Finally…
• Lastly…
• In conclusion…
• To finish off…
• All in all…
• In the end…
• So as you can see…
• Overall…
• As evidence shows…
• To summarize…
• As I already explained…
• In closing…

These were some good ideas for conclusion starters, which you can use in any essay or speech. No matter what your topic is, whether it is argumentative or persuasive, or whether you are speaking at a debate competition, an effective conclusion will make your work memorable for the audience/readers. Use these conclusion starters and follow the steps provided, and you will be able to see the impact your speech/essay makes.

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15 Powerful Speech Ending Lines (And Tips to Create Your Own)

Hitiksha jain.

• Public Speaking , Speech Writing

A powerful speech ending line helps you recapture the essence of your speech: your main points and the purpose of why you spoke.

Basically, it is a summary of your dominant points. 

The words you say at the beginning, and especially at the end of your talk will be remembered longer than any other part of your speech. (This doesn’t mean the body of your speech has no importance.)

The beginning of your speech needs to be strong because it grips the attention of your audience. If that falls apart, they might lose interest in your speech. To avoid such a situation, here’s an article on 15 Powerful Speech Opening Lines (And How to Create Your Own) that you can refer to.

It has happened time after time- a speaker has concluded his speech with no conclusion or a simple “Thank you!” which made their impactful and amazing speech entirely fall apart.

An ineffective conclusion or no conclusion makes your speech lose its charm and the energy that has been created. This leaves your audience in a state of confusion and disappointment. 

Remember, the conclusion of your speech is NOT the time to introduce new points or new supporting evidence; doing so will all the more confuse the listeners. 

Instead, a conclusion is like tying a bow or ribbon to a box of your key ideas that your audience will be taking along with them. Meaning, it’s the final touch that makes your speech stand out and memorable.

So, how can you end your speech with a bang? To discover it, let’s jump in to the 15 powerful speech ending lines and ways to create your own:

1) Abraham Lincoln

Speech ending line: “And this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the Earth.”

How to use The Rule Of Three to end your speech?

The Rule of Three is an effective technique that allows you to express your ideas more completely by emphasizing your points and increasing the memorability of your message.

Dale Carneige once said, 

“Tell them what you are going to tell them, tell them, then tell them what you just told them.”

Information when presented in a group of three sticks in our head better than say, groups of four or five.

The answer is simple! We humans are generally good at pattern recognition and three is the smallest number needed to make a pattern. When used at the end of a speech, you can create maximum impact, (obviously) if said in a proper tone of voice. 

Repeating your ideas can make your message more persuasive, memorable, and entertaining.

Since, the conclusion is your last chance as a speaker to drive home your ideas, you need to repeat and emphasize phrases, sentences and words to make others remember your key message. 

The repetition of phrases and sentences should be such that it creates a micro story of your entire speech. 

If you are trying to incorporate the rule of three in your speech and need guidance to do so. Here’s an article on The Power of the Rule of Three in Speech Writing that might help you!

2) Simon Sinek

Speech ending line: “Listen to politicians now, with their comprehensive 12-point plans. They’re not inspiring anybody. Because there are leaders and there are those who lead. Leaders hold a position of power or authority, but those who lead inspire us. Whether they’re individuals or organizations, we follow those who lead, not because we have to, but because we want to. We follow those who lead, not for them, but for ourselves. And it’s those who start with “why” that have the ability to inspire those around them or find others who inspire them.”

How to mark an end of a speech with a story?

Telling stories can do wonders in making your speech a memorable one. Because we as humans relate to stories. 

Using an effective and persuasive story at the end can engage the audience, evoke empathy, increase trust and motivate action.

Your story should be crafted in such a way that it sums up your entire speech. But don’t forget, it needs to be short and sweet.

You can start your story by saying, “Let me tell you a story that illustrates what I have been talking about…”

To make your speech/story worth remembering, you can try these various storytelling approaches mentioned in this article- 9 Storytelling Approaches For Your Next Speech or Presentation .

3) Les Brown

Speech ending line: “If you want a thing bad enough To go out and fight for it, Work day and night for it, Give up your time and your peace and Your sleep for it

If only desire of it Makes you quite mad enough Never to tire of it, Makes you hold all other things tawdry And cheap for it

If life seems all empty and useless without it And all that you scheme and you dream is about it,

If gladly you’ll sweat for it, Fret for it, Plan for it, Lose all your terror of God or man for it,

If you’ll simply go after that thing that you want. With all your capacity, Strength and sagacity, Faith, hope and confidence, stern pertinacity,

If neither cold, poverty, famished and gaunt, Nor sickness nor pain Of body or brain Can turn you away from the thing that you want,

If dogged and grim you besiege and beset it, You’ll get it.”

How to end a speech with a poem?

This works similar to the notion of storytelling. 

You can end your speech with a poem that summarizes your entire speech. To do this you can either make your own or select the one that works the best for your speech. If you select one, remember to cite the source.

While reciting a poem add emotions and drama to your words, raise your voice on a key line of the poem and pause whenever required.

Poetry is a powerful way to get your point across because it helps you create an impression in your audiences’ mind. If you are planning to tap into poetry for your next speech, we have written an article- Getting Your ‘Wordsworth’: Poetry in Public Speaking that you can review to get some tips on how to add a poem in your speech.

4) Sir Ken Robinson

Speech ending line: “There’s a wonderful quote from Benjamin Franklin. “There are three sorts of people in the world: Those who are immovable, people who don’t get it, or don’t want to do anything about it; there are people who are movable, people who see the need for change and are prepared to listen to it; and there are people who move, people who make things happen.” And if we can encourage more people, that will be a movement. And if the movement is strong enough, that’s, in the best sense of the word, a revolution. And that’s what we need.”

How to close a speech with a memorable quote?

Quotations are usually concise and memorable phrasing of an idea. (This is why we repeat and remember quotations, right?)

The sole reason to quote material is that it reinforces your ideas. A quotation offers a second voice echoing your claims which is more powerful than simply just repeating yourself.

So, your quote should be such that summarizes your main idea. You can quote words of an expert, a person who spoke before you at an event or something in your own words.

Tips for using quotations in your speech:

• Phrasing it correctly can help boost your credibility
• Don’t quote anything outside your context

Taking the above example of Sir Ken Robinson, the quoted words at the end of his speech summarized the heart of his speech.

5) Lera Boroditsky

Speech ending line: “It’s how the language that you speak shapes the way that you think. And that gives you the opportunity to ask, “Why do I think the way that I do?” “How could I think differently?” And also, “What thoughts do I wish to create?”

How to end a speech with a question?

You can try and engage your audience with questions that will get them thinking.

It is often effective to end with a rhetorical question that captures the message and leaves the audience thinking—especially one that directly ties in your CTA. For instance:

“What choice will you make when you leave here today? Will you ____(your key message), or will you go about your normal routine?”

See how Lera Boroditsky leaves her audience with a set of questions rattling around their minds.

6) Melissa Butler  

Speech ending line: “So I challenge each of you, when you go home today, look at yourself in the mirror, see all of you, look at all of your greatness that you embody, accept it, and love it. And finally, when you leave the house tomorrow, try to extend that same love and acceptance to someone who doesn’t look like you. Thank you.”

How to give a challenge close to your speech?

In the above example, Melissa Butler used a challenge close to force her audience to take action over something.

In this type of closing, you challenge your audience to apply whatever you spoke in your speech and engage them in thought or action.

A good way to do that is to make sure they know you’re aware of the challenges that exist, and that you have concrete and actionable solutions to it.

To do this, you can have a bit of a forceful tone of voice to make a failure process a learning one.

Do express your belief in them and focus on setting a high bar, but an achievable one.

7) Brian Kateman

Speech ending line: “You can change the world by ordering a smaller steak, or doing something more. But don’t just sit by and ignore what you already know. Consider eating less meat and be a reducetarian.

Save our planet, improve your health, and save a lot of animals.”

How to end a speech by giving a solution to a concern?

This type of closing is suitable for speeches where you talk about a problem and give a solution for the same.

First you introduce the problem and explain why the audience should be concerned about it.

While concluding, you provide a practical solution to the stated concern. 

Look at how Brian Kateman states a problem: The battle between vegans, vegetarians, and everyone else and ends up giving a pragmatic solution.

8) Anjelah Johnson

Speech ending line: “Really?! It’s funny because my finger didn’t do like that before I came in here.” “It’s okay honey, don’t worry. I’ll fix it for you, don’t worry.” (Imitates talking in Vietnamese) (Laughter) (Laughter) (Stops talking Vietnamese) “Oh, see? You look so pretty!” God bless, you guys.”

How to leave your audience with a good laugh?

Wouldn’t you love leaving your audience with a good laugh? Ending your speech with humor can help you to do so. 

But you need to use them with caution. Tell jokes that are related to your speech. And avoid telling offensive jokes.

You can add anecdotes and funny stories that have happened in real life since it’s easy to relate to and, if said in a correct manner, you can have your audience laughing while hitting your message home!

Tips to deliver a good humor:

• Surprise your audience by breaking their expectations with the help of a good setup and punchline. Setup creates a specific expectation in people’s minds and a punchline reveals the surprise. For instance, “I believe that each person can make a difference (setup), but it’s so slight that there’s basically no point (punch)”
• Try and impersonate your dialogues or the characters as it will make your listeners feel they are in the scene
• You can twist the literal meaning of a word. Example- Everybody looked up to me in college because I was the tallest of all
• You can also incorporate the rule of three that works similar to the setup and punchline technique i.e. setup, setup, punch. Take an example of Elicia Sanchez, “I was a super nerd when I was a kid. I liked video games, I liked comic books, I was the youngest mage in the D&D campaign I was part of with 30-year-olds at the Yardbirds in Centralia, Washington.”

Apart from this, always test and rehearse the humor that you are going to incorporate and ask for honest feedback. Also, make sure the jokes and stories you use add value to your point and are insightful

9) Yubing Zhang

Speech ending line: “As the words said high on the bungee platform, “Life begins at the edge of your comfort zone.”

How to end a speech using the circle theory?

Here, the idea is to take your audience on a journey and get them back to the place from where you started, making a circle.

Meaning, you refer back to what you started with (movie, words, quote).

Yubing Zhang begins her speech with- Life Begins at The Edge of Your Comfort Zone” and ends with the same. 

You can bookend your speech in different ways:

• You can end by referencing your opening
• Concluding words can contrast from your opening words.
• Open with a question and answer it at the end 

We have written an in-depth article on 7 Techniques to Bookending Your Speech: Guidelines and Examples . Review it for some inspiration!

10) BJ Miller

Speech ending line: “Parts of me died early on, and that’s something we can all say one way or another. I got to redesign my life around this fact, and I tell you it has been a liberation to realize you can always find a shock of beauty or meaning in what life you have left, like that snowball lasting for a perfect moment, all the while melting away. If we love such moments ferociously, then maybe we can learn to live well — not in spite of death, but because of it. Let death be what takes us, not lack of imagination.”

How to close a speech with an inspiring note?

Okay, let’s be real here. We humans are dealing with problems, difficulties, challenges, disappointments, setbacks, and temporary failures.

Ending your speech with an uplifting talk that gives a ray of hope might encourage your audience.

“Inspiring your audience is all about helping them see their own vision, not yours.” Anonymous

If your hope is to inspire your audience then your material needs to be about them and ways on how they can grow .

To do so you can opt for stories or share your personal experiences to get your message alive, but you need to paint a picture of what your audiences’ vision is when it comes to themselves and how you can help them achieve that vision by your talk.

11) Dr. Shashi Tharoor

Speech ending line: “95% of our 12 year-olds across India can read and write. So the future looks good. And as far as the workforce is concerned, if we can get all these other pieces in place, we can say to the rest of the world, “We are coming.”

How to end your speech with facts?

Adding only facts in a speech can make it boring, right? Because there’s nothing entertaining about that.

Well, this wouldn’t be a case when you use the right facts in a proper way and at a proper time. 

Adding facts as a speech ending line can be a way through which you can re-engage your audience, leaving them mesmerized. 

Incorporate only those facts that are relevant to your topic because you don’t want to make them apathetic towards you.

Present your facts in a creative manner. For instance, asking a question after when you stated the fact, audience poll, or add humor.

Trying to add facts in your speech without making it sound boring? Here’s an article- 11 Steps to Add Facts in A Speech Without Making It Boring that can guide you. 

12) Cameron Russell

Speech ending line: “If there’s a takeaway to this talk, I hope it’s that we all feel more comfortable acknowledging the power of image in our perceived successes and our perceived failures.”  

How to leave your audience with a piece of advice?

This works similar to the fact concept.

Your advices should get your audience encouraged about something and not discourage them or make them feel incompetent.

Try to chunk your advice into simple steps that your audience can follow. Inject emotions, relate it to your own experience (if possible) and make it inspirational.

The sole purpose of giving advice is to help someone. Don’t forget that!

Because a lot of times the advice is created on the basis of expectation and not understanding others. To simplify it, you need to understand the problem that your audience is facing and then advise them keeping your expectations and judgements aside.

Look at how Cameron Russell makes people feel good about themselves by empowering them regardless of the topic.

13) Nora Mclnerny

Speech ending line: “But yes, absolutely, they’re going to move forward. But that doesn’t mean that they’ve moved on.”

How to use a title close to end your speech?

To give your speech a title close, your speech needs to have a provocative title that encapsulates your message memorably. 

Use the title of your speech as your closing words to stir your audience to think more fully about what they just heard, reinforcing the title of your speech mentioned earlier.

14) Alfred Chuang

Speech ending line: “A new world is on the horizon. And it will be more incredible than any of us can possibly imagine. Our greatest innovations are ahead of us, not behind. But we need great engineers to build that world for us. And that’s you. We need you to not give up. Ever. We need you to finish your projects. Done, done, done. We need you to leverage the power of an immigrant-rich workforce. And we need you all to be a little insane.”

How to make a direct call to action at the end of your speech?

A well constructed and presented speech is the one that changes people’s mind and ignites action.

The call to action comes right before the end of a persuasive speech. Here, you clearly tell the audience the role they can play after they leave your talk.

It serves as a road map that your listeners can follow after when they are thoroughly gripped to your idea. Because they exactly know what they need to do.

In the above example, you can see how Alfred Chuang delivered a powerful CTA, as he clearly explains what listeners can do to push his idea forward.

Barring this type of a CTA, the other forms include signing a petition, buying your product, visiting your website.

15) Barack Obama

Speech ending line: “So let’s get to work, people. Let’s bring this home. I love you, Philadelphia. Honk if you’re fired up, honk if you’re ready to go. Are you fired up?”

How to use an appeal to end your speech?

The most common closing for a persuasive speech can be an appeal for action.

You can shape your appeal according to who your intended audience is and the purpose of you talking to them.

One of the best ways to make an appeal is by tapping into their emotions in order to form a deeper connection with the listeners.

Avoid making your message too pushy. Instead, try and make your content relatable and valuable for them. This is when the audience is much more likely to pay attention to you.

Valuable reads: The Secret of Writing a Persuasive Speech 

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Final Thoughts

Depending on the type of speech you are presenting, you will be asking the audience for something. And that can be- asking them to act in a certain way, or to change their attitude towards a certain person or topic or simply make them understand what you’re trying to say.

Nonetheless, the conclusion of your speech is to leave the audience positively motivated towards you and the topic you have been presenting. 

Hopefully, these 15 examples will guide you to create your own speech ending line that is impactful.

Let us know in the comments below which one worked for you.

Still looking for inspiration? Check out this video we made on closing remarks:

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