tourism geography essay

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In This Article Expand or collapse the "in this article" section Tourism Geography

Introduction, general overviews.

• Progress in Human Geography Reports
• The Institutional Environment Shaping Tourism Geography Education
• Culture and Heritage Tourism
• Tourism and Agriculture
• Economic Geography and Tourism
• Migration and Mobilities
• Destination Place Branding

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Tourism Geography by Deborah Che LAST REVIEWED: 27 April 2017 LAST MODIFIED: 27 April 2017 DOI: 10.1093/obo/9780199874002-0156

Geography is the ideal discipline for studying the global tourism industry; as the key journal Tourism Geographies (under Journals ) explains, there are many fundamentally geographical aspects to tourism which (1) “occurs in places, (2) is sold and begins in a place of origin and is consumed in destination places, (3) transforms the environment of visited places in ways that are distinct from non-tourism processes, (4) involves the movement of people, goods, services, ideas, and money over space, and (5) presents a distinct way that people view, understand and relate to the world.” Given the inherently spatial aspects of tourism, geographers have contributed significantly to academic tourism studies. They have developed some of the most important conceptual models for explaining tourism development, including resort morphology, the tourist-historic city, and the tourist area life cycle. Additionally geographers have made the most sustained contributions to the study of the environmental dimensions of tourism and have been major contributors to the concepts of sustainable tourism and Ecotourism . Even though it has been at the core of tourism studies and also strengthened geography department enrollments, tourism geography ironically has been somewhat peripheral in academic geography. This status may be due in part to the inertia of academic institutions and staff in not seeing tourism as a serious subject for study, as well as the difficulty in measuring the tourism industry as compared to primary and secondary industries. This bibliography highlights the contributions of tourism geography and geographers to tourism research and education through a review of general overviews, Handbooks , Journals , Progress in Human Geography Reports , and Textbooks and publications on Tourism Geography Education , as well as those on specific topical areas including Culture and Heritage Tourism , Sustainability and Tourism , Migration and Mobilities , Economic Geography and Tourism , and Destination Place Branding .

The sources in this section provide overviews of tourism geography and are references to the extensive literature reviewed. Butler 2004 interweaves personal experiences from Butler’s academic career in geography in Canada and tourism management in the UK in discussing geographical research on tourism before 1950, from 1950–1980 and post-1980 to the early 21st century. His earlier contributions primarily concerned environmental aspects of tourism such as sustainable development, carrying capacity, and limits to use, while his later work diversified into areas including mobilities and movement, regional development, and cultural topics. Hall 2013 reviews contemporary tourism geography and argues that the subdiscipline has been a significant contributor to the melding and hybridity of geographic binaries, especially in the development of more critical applied geographies of environmental change. Hall and Page 2009 identifies themes emerging from the research of geographers, including explaining spatialities, tourism planning and places, development and its critiques, tourism as an “applied” area of research, and future prospects in the development of spatiality in tourism research. Focusing on the state of North American tourism geography, Meyer-Arendt and Lew 2003 highlights the research themes and approaches of members of the Recreation, Tourism and Sport specialty group of the Association of American Geographers. In contrast to the former pieces, which largely focus on tourism geography research published in English, Kreisel 2004 provides an insight into the German geographical research on tourism and leisure which—with the exception of Christaller’s application of his central places theory to tourism and his hypothesis that zones more distant from urban and industrial agglomerations were more favorable for tourism development—is largely unfamiliar to non-German readers. Likewise, Lazzarotti 2002 reviews French tourism geography research outside the Anglo-American dominated academic literature. The general overviews in Butler 2004 , Hall 2013 , and Hall and Page 2009 note that while geography has been foundational to tourism studies, with over one-third of the most cited tourism scholars from 1970–2007 having graduate qualifications in geography ( Hall and Page 2009 ), tourism has been marginalized in academic geography, with few positions in geography departments and barely a mention in key publications on the history of geographical thought. Likewise Butler 2004 (see also Sustainability and Tourism ) found hardly any articles on tourism and recreation were published in the leading geographical journals from 1950–1990. While the 1970s embargo on tourism research at the Annals of the Association of American Geographers ended with a change in editors and policy ( Butler 2004 ), tourism research has remained relatively peripheral in geography as contrasted to geography’s core status within tourism.

Butler, Richard. “Geographical Research on Tourism, Recreation, and Leisure: Origins, Eras, and Directions.” Tourism Geographies 6.2 (2004): 143–162.

DOI: 10.1080/1461668042000208453

Draws on the author’s four-decade involvement in the field of leisure, recreation, and tourism. Uniquely interweaves personal narratives in discussing the diverse research emphases and contributions by geographers; the explosion in tourism programs (mainly in business and management schools); and future contributions possible if a strong spatial focus and a synthesizing approach are maintained.

Hall, C. Michael. “Framing Tourism Geography: Notes from the Underground.” Annals of Tourism Research 43 (2013): 601–623.

DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2013.06.007

While noting the context in which tourism geography operates as a foundational discipline to the study of tourism (although perceived as marginal to institutional geography) the article argues that tourism geography has been a significant contributor to bridging geographic binaries, including the applied versus theoretical and physical versus human.

Hall, C. M., and S. J. Page. “Progress in Tourism Management: From the Geography of Tourism to Geographies of Tourism—A Review.” Tourism Management 30.1 (2009): 3–16.

DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2008.05.014

Provides a review of the state of tourism geography thirty years from when the journal first began publishing articles by geographers; especially timely given the subdiscipline is at a crossroads with the retirement of those who contributed significantly to tourism studies and the emergence of a new generation of tourism geographers.

Kreisel, Werner. “Geography of Leisure and Tourism Research in the German-speaking World: Three Pillars to Progress.” Tourism Geographies 6.2 (2004): 163–185.

DOI: 10.1080/1461668042000208435

This article provides an insight into German-language research in this subdiscipline, from Hans Poser’s 1939 on landscape and tourism regions to current applied foci on sustainable tourism, including strategic resource and quality management planning and the transformation of former industrial landscapes for recreation, leisure, and tourism.

Lazzarotti, Olivier. “French Tourism Geographies: A Review.” Tourism Geographies 4.2 (2002): 135–147.

DOI: 10.1080/14616680210124909

This article provides an historical overview of the French geographical literature on tourism since the end of the 19th century, which has been hampered by academic institutional assumptions of what is/is not geography.

Meyer-Arendt, Klaus J., and Alan A. Lew. “Recreation, Tourism and Sport.” In Geography in America at the Dawn of the 21 st Century . Edited by Gary L. Gaile and Cort J. Willmott, 526–542. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

A useful overview that identifies the broad tourism geography themes and approaches in which recreation, tourism and sport academics have published, including travel; historical tourism; perception; environmental aspects; destination studies; specialized tourism including cultural, farm, and rural tourism and resorts and marketing; and economic aspects of tourism.

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Urban Tourism in the Global South

South African Perspectives

• © 2021
• Christian M. Rogerson 0 ,
• Jayne M. Rogerson 1

School of Tourism & Hospitality, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa

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• Introduces new perspectives on urban tourism drawn from the perspective of the Global South
• Examines distinctive niches in the evolution of the city tourism product of Southern destinations
• Highlights important policy challenges for planning urban tourism and maximising its potential for inclusive settlements

Part of the book series: GeoJournal Library (GEJL)

Part of the book sub series: Urban Perspectives from the Global South (URPGS)

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Table of contents (11 chapters)

Front matter, the other half of urban tourism: research directions in the global south.

Christian M. Rogerson, Jayne M. Rogerson

Looking to the Past: The Geography of Tourism in South Africa During the Pre-COVID-19 Era

Climate change threats to urban tourism in south africa.

• Jennifer M. Fitchett

Mundane Urban Tourism: The Historical Evolution of Caravan Parks in South Africa 1930–1994

Connection, place, transit: airport atmospherics and meaning-making at cape town international airport.

• Bradley Rink, Lisa Grobler

Airbnb in Townships of South Africa: A New Experience of Township Tourism?

• Jana Hofäcker, Matthias Gebauer

Urban Tourism Under Apartheid: The Johannesburg Chapter

Student-centred vfr travel: evidence from johannesburg.

• Jermaine Barnes, Christian M. Rogerson

Small Town Tourism in South Africa Revisited

• Ronnie Donaldson

The Role of Tourism in Small Town Cultural and Creative Industries Clustering: The Sarah Baartman District, South Africa

• Fiona J. Drummond

Creative Networks and the Making of Africa’s First UNESCO Creative City of Gastronomy

• Major tourism destination
• Urban tourism in the global South
• Geography of urban tourism
• Rethinking slum tourism
• Small enterprise development
• Off the beaten track city tourism
• Accessible tourism
• Evolution of urban tourism
• Contemporary South Africa
• Capital city tourism
• Facilities for the disabled
• Township tourism
• Small town tourism
• Music festivals
• Urban festivals
• The German bierfest
• Hotel industry under apartheid
• Visiting friends and relatives (VFR) tourism
• Urban hotels
• Tourism and COVID-19

About this book

This book examines and addresses the particular character of urban tourism occurring in the global South. It presents research essays on tourism in urban areas of South Africa, a country which is associated with big 5 nature tourism but where urban areas are also major tourism destinations. The book contextualizes urban tourism in South Africa as part of ‘the other half of urban tourism’, an overlooked but energetic scholarship which is emerging on urban places in the global South. The volume moves to present a collection of original material variously on national perspectives on urban tourism following by a cluster of city level perspectives. The last three contributions turn to the role of tourism in small towns, the bottom rung in the urban settlement system. Issues of concern include gastronomic tourism, VFR travel, airportscapes, climate change, AirBnb and creative tourism. Finally, as COVID-19 is potentially a defining historical moment for urban tourism, the volume incorporates historical research perspectives in order to address the overwhelming ‘present-mindedness’ of mainstream urban tourism writings.  The book highlights the challenges and opportunities for tourism development in the environment of the urban global South and is relevant to scholars of both tourism and urban studies as well as researchers in development studies.

Editors and Affiliations

School of tourism & hospitality, university of johannesburg, johannesburg, south africa, about the editors.

Christian M. Rogerson is Research Professor at the School of Tourism and Hospitality, College of Business & Economics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa. For nearly 20 years he has been involved in research concerning the tourism-development nexus in sub-Saharan Africa, including local economic development, small enterprise development, poverty studies, historical research and with a particular interest in urban tourism. He has over 200 publications on tourism among others papers in Tourism Geographies, Tourism Management, International Journal of Tourism Research and  Tourism Review. Edited books have included Tourism and Development in South Africa, Urban Tourism in the Developing World: The Southern Africa Experience, and The Geography of South Africa.

Jayne M. Rogerson is Associate Professor at the School of Tourism and Hospitality, College of Business & Economics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa. She is an urban geographer by training with a specific research interest in the hotel industry and tourism in cities. She has published over 70 articles including papers in Urban Studies, Applied Geography, Urban Forum and Development Southern Africa. Currently, she is completing an edited book for Springer on New Directions in the Tourism Geography of South Africa .

Bibliographic Information

Book Title : Urban Tourism in the Global South

Book Subtitle : South African Perspectives

Editors : Christian M. Rogerson, Jayne M. Rogerson

Series Title : GeoJournal Library

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71547-2

Publisher : Springer Cham

eBook Packages : Social Sciences , History (R0)

Copyright Information : Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021

Hardcover ISBN : 978-3-030-71546-5 Published: 14 July 2021

Softcover ISBN : 978-3-030-71549-6 Published: 15 July 2022

eBook ISBN : 978-3-030-71547-2 Published: 13 July 2021

Series ISSN : 0924-5499

Series E-ISSN : 2215-0072

Edition Number : 1

Number of Pages : IX, 266

Number of Illustrations : 42 b/w illustrations

Topics : Urban Geography / Urbanism (inc. megacities, cities, towns) , Urban Studies/Sociology , Tourism Management

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Tourism Essay for Students and Children

500+ Words Essay on Tourism

Tourism Essay – Tourism is a major economic activity that has developed significantly over the years. It’s an activity that can be recognized in both developed and developing nations. In general terms, tourism is the movement of a person from one place to another to visit and mesmerize the beauty of that place or to have fun. Moreover, the concept of traveling is considered a luxury and only people with higher income can afford this luxury.

The Growth of Tourism

Earlier our ancestors used to travel by sea routes as it was a convenient and most affordable medium but it was time taking. Due to, technological advancement we can now easily travel to any place without wasting time we can travel thousands of miles within a few hours. Technological advancement has shrunk the earth into a global village. Besides, the modern modes are much safer than the modes that our predecessors used.

Effect of Tourism on a Country

For any country, tourism generates a lot of money especially a country like India. Due to the Taj Mahal (one of the seven wonders of the world) every year the government raise a huge sum of revenue. Also, because of tourism other industries also bloom. Such industries include transportation, wildlife, arts and entertainment, accommodation, etc.

Moreover, this ultimately leads to the creation of job and other opportunities in the area. But there are some drawbacks too which can affect the lifestyle and cultural value of the country.

Importance of Tourism

Traveling is a tiring and difficult thing and not everyone is able to travel. But at the same time, it’s a fun activity that takes your tiredness away. Travelling adds flavor to life as you travel to different places that have a different culture and lifestyle. Also, it’s an easy way to learn about the culture and tradition of a place. Besides, for many areas, tourism is their main source of income.

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India- A Tourist Attraction

The Taj Mahal is not the only destination in India that attract tourist. Likewise, there are hundreds of tourist destination that is spread over the Indian plateau. India has a large variety of Flora and Fauna. Besides, the equator divides the geographical land of India into almost two equal halves that make India a country where six seasons occurs.

Moreover, in almost every city of India, there is a historical monument made by the rulers in their time period.

Benefits of Tourism

Tourism not only benefits the government but also the people that live in the local area. It also creates a business as well as employment opportunities for the local people which ultimately help the government to earn income.

Benefits Due to Tourism

As we know that tourism contributes a lot to the revenue of the country. Also, the government uses this income for the growth and development of the country. Likewise, they construct dams, wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, Dharamshala and many more.

In conclusion, we can say that tourism is a very productive activity both for the tourist and the government. As they support each other simultaneously. Also, the government should consider improving the conditions of the country as more and more number of tourist visit their country.

Above all, tourism is one of the fastest-growing industry in the world that has changed the scenario of the world.

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GEOGRAPHY OF TOURISM

Note: This exam date is subjected to change based on seat availability. You can check final exam date on your hall ticket.

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Course layout.

Week – I 1. Introduction to Geography | 2.Geography  and  Tourism | 3.Geography  of  Travel | 4.Classification of Resources |

Week –II   5. Conservation of Biodiversity | 6. Tourism in Africa – Introduction: Part – I | 7.Tourism in Africa – Introduction: Part – II | 8. Tourism Attractions in Singapore and Indonesia |

Week – III -9. Tourism Attractions in Thailand and Malaysia |10. Tourism in Gulf Countries: Part I |11. Tourism in Gulf countries Part - II |12. Tourism in South East Asia: Part – I |

Week - IV -13. Tourism in South East Asia: Part – II |14.Tourist attractions and activities in Egypt, Kenya and Uganda | 15.Tourist attractions in South Africa and emerging Tourist Destinations in Africa |16. North America |

Week – V -17. Central & South America |18. Europe |19. Africa | 20. Asia |

Week – VI - 21. Australia | 22. New Zealand | 23. Antarctica |

Week – VII - 24. Cultural Geography | 25. Outline of Urban Geography | 26. Island Biogeography |

Week - VIII - 27. Tourism in India - Arunachal Pradesh | 28.  Tourism in India - Assam | 29. Tourism in India - Goa |

Week – IX - 30. Geography of Kerala | 31. Geography of Goa | 32. Geography of Karnataka | 33. Geography of Gujarat |

Week - X - 34. Geography of Odisha | 35. Sustainable Development | 36. Geography of Himachal Pradesh |

Week - XI -37. Geography of Madhya Pradesh | 38. Geography of Tamil Nadu | 39. Geography of Puducherry | 40. Career in Geography|

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