sample research proposal on solid waste management pdf

• Corpus ID: 13476549

A PROPOSAL FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT – Environmental Protection that Benefits the Poor

• Published 2007
• Environmental Science, Sociology

4 Citations

Problems of solid waste management in small and medium enterprises, quantifying environmental performance of biomass energy, a critical analysis of urban environmental health discourses in promoting community participation: focus on addis ababa, ethiopia, effective management of plastic waste and other solid waste in nepal : a case study of kathmandu valley, 12 references, hard struggle and soft gains: environmental management, civil society and governance in pammal, south india, decentralised composting of urban waste--an overview of community and private initiatives in indian cities., solid waste management in india: status and future directions, related papers.

Showing 1 through 3 of 0 Related Papers

Project proposal for solid waste collection : Kawe Community Development Trust

Journal title, journal issn, volume title.

There exist excellent opportunities for Community Based Organizations (CBOs) to provide a wide range of urban services including waste management in the informal settlement, which have a direct positive impact on community health, creation of employment, income generation and poverty reduction.

The purpose of this study is to see how a CBO involve the community in the solid waste management project in order to solve the problem of uncollected waste after the failure of the municipal council to do so. The study examines the performance of the existing solid waste collection and disposal practices, community willingness to participate and identifying problems relating to the solid waste management system of the Kawe community. The findings have been used in preparing an improved solid waste collection project proposal required by the CBO. The study was carried out in two areas (Ukwamani and Mzimuni), where Kawe Community Development Trust a duly registered CBO is established. Methods used in the study are, questionnaires, interviews and observation. It has been found that there is illegal dumping of waste; low level of awareness and environmental health related diseases afflict the community. Over 80% of the community members accepted to participate through paying refuse collection fees. The success of community based solid waste management project depends on the participation of the community from the initial stage of designing the project, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. Soliciting funds for implementing the project is important as well as providing training and sensitization of the community. (Author abstract)

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Item.page.type, item.page.format, collections.

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PROJECT PROPOSAL FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT BY INSTALLING SMART DUSTBIN IN KATHMANDU

Related Papers

Mohan Dangi

Ashish Khanal

The amount of solid waste is rapidly increasing due to urbanization. It is difficult for Municipality alone to handle the solid waste management without the proper collaboration of respective community. This paper examines the challenges of implementing the community based solid waste management project in Chuchepati area. It is prepared after several rounds of discussion, interviews, observations and field visits of the Chuchepati area of Kathmandu valley.

Studies in Nepali History and Society

Bhushan Tuladhar

This paper analyzes the history of municipal waste management system in Kathmandu and the role of different institutions, including international development partners over several decades to conclude that the problems of waste management in Kathmandu are not technical but rather institutional.

Prabha Karmacharya

Vishnu Dangol

This paper presents the case study of the failure of traditional solid waste management approaches, using the case study of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal and stresses on the need to change to a community focused one. It studies the impacts caused by solid waste dumping in Gokarna Landfill Site considering various monitoring points, the analysis of which concluded the quality of water used by the community is not potable. Further, the community survey conducted revealed that a complete lack of awareness and involvement of the community during the planning stage has resulted into community resentment, lack of ownership and acceptance, and is hampering appropriate monitoring of the landfill. Considering planning and developing solid waste management solutions to date as a purely technical problem has led to the failure of these ‘solutions’ with catastrophic impacts. Hence, there is a need for a major shift in approaching the solid waste management issue.

EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR)

The amount of solid waste is rapidly increasing due to urbanization. Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal is facing the bigger challenges day by day which are usually caused by rapid urbanization and modernization of the city. Cities around the world are playing an ever-increasing role in creating wealth, enhancing social development, attracting investment and harnessing both human and technical resources for achieving unprecedented gains in productivity and competitiveness. This study explored the solid waste management practices of a hotel in Kathmandu. I used ethnographic research design in doing this study. The discussion was done with hotel staffs, waste management company staffs and an expert of the solid waste management field. Hotel has been highly benefitted from the integrated solid waste management system. There is proper system and record of waste generated, recyclables recovered and the amount of waste transferred to the landfill site. KEYWORDS: Solid waste, hotel waste...

Waste Management

Solid waste management in Kathmandu valley of Nepal, especially concerning the siting of landfills, has been a challenge for over a decade. The current practice of the illegal dumping of solid waste on the river banks has created a serious environmental and public health problem. The focus of this study was to carry out an evaluation of solid waste management in Nepal based on published information. The data showed that ⩾70% of the solid wastes generated in Nepal are of organic origin. As such, composting of the solid waste and using it on the land is the best way of solid waste disposal. This will reduce the waste volume transported to the landfill and will increase its life.

Tribhuvan University Journal

ram chandra Bhattarai

This paper attempts to discuss the role of Community based, nongovernmental and private institutions for the management of municipal solid waste in Kathmandu Valley. It is based on secondary information available from different sources. Studies reveal that private institutions, Community Based Organizations (CBOs) and Non Governmental Organizations are collecting about 60% of the total waste generated within Kathmandu Valley from door-to-door of the generators. These institutions are also contributing to reduce about 40% of the municipal cost for the collection of waste. Study reveals that household segregation and compositing is considered as the best option for the efficient management of municipal solid waste in the cities of developing countries like Kathmandu. This is possible only through the involvement of CBOs, NGOs and private sector.

The Concept of Waste Free Nepal Campaign

Badan Nyachhyon

The paper advocates for encouraging and engaging the local communities for initiatives for source segregation of solid waste at household, reducing waste by using compost bins and converting it waste-To_Money through sales to waste collectors and recycling industries creating employment. Based on the experience of the Network of rotary clubs of Lalitpur, the campaign planned for spreading across with Rotarians taking facilitators role.

International Journal of Environment

shuvee neupane

The paper aims to enlighten the solid waste management of Hetauda Municipality in Makwanpur district of an area of 44.5 sq. km. The total human population of the municipality is 84,671 (CBS 2011). Out of 11 wards, 5 wards (1, 2, 3, 4 and 10) were selected for the present study. In total 50 households, 10 institutions and 10 commercial sectors were selected from studied wards from which samples of different types of wastes were collected, segregated and weighed. Weight was calculated using a digital spring balance and a bag 0.043 m3 was used for the estimation of volume. Organic wastes were found to be dominant in the household (51.73%) and commercial sectors (61.70%) whereas in institutions, plastic (50.36%) and papers (38.19%) were prevailing. The findings revealed that per capita 155.4 gm/person/day household waste was generated in Hetauda Municipality. The residents are also aware of the harmful effects of the wastes, and demand an effective solid waste management services. Thoug...

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E-waste management in serbia, focusing on the possibility of applying automated separation using robots.

1. Introduction

• Group/subgroup 16 02: waste not otherwise specified in the catalog/waste from electrical and electronic equipment: of the eight listed types of this kind of waste, as many as six are marked as hazardous waste.
• Group/subgroup 20 01: municipal waste (domestic waste and similar commercial industrial waste), including separately collected fractions (exception 15 01)—where 14 types of hazardous waste are located, with emphasis on discarded electronic and electrical equipment containing hazardous components.
• Review waste separation technologies using robots using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework;
• Analyze the existing practice of e-waste management in the Republic of Serbia with key problem and solution identification in legislation, infrastructure and social behavior;
• Examine the possibility of using robots in the e-waste separation process in Serbia in the specific example of the “E-Reciklaža” recycling center in Niš, Serbia, which will include technical and economic feasibility, expected benefits and potential challenges.

2. E-Waste Management System

• Collection—carried out at the place of origin.
• Sorting—involves sorting according to the categories of waste from electrical and electronic devices, and can be performed at the household level, at the local community level, at the landfill, or at recycling centers.
• Separation—includes shredding, separation of recyclable from non-recyclable parts, and separation of useful components by one of the usual separation methods. The final quality of the recyclate depends on the efficiency of this step.
• Final processing—involves the processing of previously separated recyclable materials by hydrometallurgical or pyrometallurgical process.
• Disposal of non-recyclable parts of e-waste.
• Reducing the amount of waste;
• Extending the exploitation life of the landfill;
• Controlling the management of hazardous waste, which is separated from nonhazardous waste in a timely manner by proper sorting;
• Increasing the efficiency of recycling;
• Overall environmental protection.

3. Review of Papers Dealing with the Application of Robots in Waste Separation

3.1. selection of papers, 3.2. the major findings of the selected papers.

• Vision systems and artificial intelligence algorithms.
• Robotic systems with grippers.
• Sensors: most commonly cameras and/or optical sensors.
• Image processing hardware: consists of processors (e.g., microprocessors, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), and a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)) that enable fast processing of captured images and memory that serves to temporarily store data during image processing.
• Image processing software, which can be separated into two parts: (a) Image analysis algorithms that include algorithms for filtering, segmentation, pattern recognition, classification, and other visual data processing; (b) Machine learning and artificial intelligence, where algorithms are developed that use deep learning techniques to recognize and interpret complex visual patterns.
• Level 1: Occlusion removal—removing objects that overlap other objects makes it easier for the vision system to recognize objects and capture them later.
• Level 2: Optimal distance—moving the object to allow enough space for the robot’s gripper to grasp the object.
• Level 3: Optimum Grasping Position—placing the item to be sorted in a position that is ideal for grasping by the robot.

4. E-Waste Management in Serbia—Current Situation

Click here to enlarge figure

4.1. Obstacles and Potential Solutions in the E-Waste Management System in SERBIA

4.1.1. legal obstacles.

• The absence of a legal framework for the establishment of collective and individual schemes according to the principle of waste management, “producer responsibility” in Serbian legal acts, as prescribed by Article 5 of Directive 2012/19/EU.
• The absence of a legal framework for establishing a National Register for manufacturers or importers of electrical and electronic equipment in Serbian legal acts, as prescribed by Article 16 of Directive 2012/19/EU.
• The absence of prescribed obligations of separate collection, treatment, reuse, and disposal of e-waste in Serbian legal acts, as provided for in Articles 5, 12, and 13 of Directive 2012/19/EU.
• The absence of a prescribed financial guarantee by the manufacturer or importer of electrical and electronic equipment that they will finance the responsible management of e-waste in Serbian legal acts, as prescribed in Article 12 of Directive 2012/19/EU.
• The inconsistency of prescribed national goals for the collection and recycling of e-waste with European goals, prescribed by Article 7 of Directive 2012/19/EU. Moreover, Serbian legal acts do not define who is in charge of implementing the goals.

4.1.2. Organizational Obstacles

4.1.3. sociological obstacles, 4.1.4. potential solutions to the problem.

• Improving and harmonizing legal acts with European ones, which would make e-waste management strictly controlled;
• Harmonizing e-waste recycling goals with European ones and encouraging intensive engagement in their fulfillment;
• Increasing environmental awareness among citizens of Serbia, through constant education and the implementation of a targeted campaign through the media;
• Incorporating the private sector into the e-waste management system, in order to influence the system through the production of electrical and electronic devices, by incorporating recyclable materials, building recycling facilities and financial motivation by the state;
• Supporting research activities in the field of development of innovative e-waste separation technologies;
• Improving the infrastructure for e-waste management through the provision of all necessary facilities for the collection, transport, and recycling of e-waste.

5. Case Study: The Possibility of Using Robots in E-Waste Separation in the “E-Reciklaža” Recycling Plant, Niš, Serbia

5.1. description of the refrigerator recycling procedure in the recycling facility “e-reciklaža“, 5.2. identification of the steps of the recycling process suitable for automation/robotization, 5.3. technical requirements analysis and proposed solution, 6. conclusions.

• Most often, automated processes or vision techniques and collaborative robots assist humans in disassembling electrical devices during recycling. There are not many examples that demonstrate the separation of shredded parts from e-waste. As it is not possible to create a universal e-waste recycling system due to the variety of types and forms of e-waste, the application of partial automation in the form of a flexible e-waste sorting station that would combine computer vision and collaborative robotic systems has great potential in recycling. This would make it possible to take advantage of artificial intelligence, robotic systems, and the cognitive abilities of experienced workers that cannot be transferred to a robotic system, while the flexibility of the cell would be reflected in being easily adaptable for the separation of different types of e-waste that is recycled.
• The existing practice of e-waste management in Serbia is at a modest level, and the collection of this waste is performed only sporadically through organized periodic collection actions by recyclers. We have not even come close to achieving the established national goals in terms of the e-waste recycling rate. The reason for this state of affairs is the inconsistency of domestic legislation with the European one, the lack of the necessary infrastructure for e-waste management at the local community and state level, as well as the insufficient environmental awareness of Serbian citizens.
• The possible use of robots in the e-waste separation process was looked at, using the recycling center “E-Reciklaža” as an example. The analysis was grounded on real requirements and data from production, based on which a potential robotized solution was proposed and discussed in terms of implementation and the benefits it would bring. It was concluded that using robots in recycling would greatly improve workplaces that currently rely on manual labor and require workers to stand in awkward positions or deal with potentially hazardous materials like trash. The increased efficiency would have positive effects on wages, while the reduced workload would benefit the workers from sociological, ergonomic, and health perspectives. Moreover, it was shown that the increased sorting performance and quality would bring significant economic benefit to the company, making it a sound investment which would also have a profoundly positive environmental impact. The introduction of robotics would be a significant contributor towards strengthening of the local recycling ecosystem and would therefore have a positive impact on increasing Serbia’s recycling rate.
• An insight into the gaps of the e-waste management system in Serbia with the proposal of potential solutions can help other countries in the region and beyond that face the same obstacles.

Author Contributions

Acknowledgments, conflicts of interest.

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Nišić, D.; Lukić, B.; Gordić, Z.; Pantelić, U.; Vukićević, A. E-Waste Management in Serbia, Focusing on the Possibility of Applying Automated Separation Using Robots. Appl. Sci. 2024 , 14 , 5685. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135685

Nišić D, Lukić B, Gordić Z, Pantelić U, Vukićević A. E-Waste Management in Serbia, Focusing on the Possibility of Applying Automated Separation Using Robots. Applied Sciences . 2024; 14(13):5685. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135685

Nišić, Dragana, Branko Lukić, Zaviša Gordić, Uroš Pantelić, and Arso Vukićević. 2024. "E-Waste Management in Serbia, Focusing on the Possibility of Applying Automated Separation Using Robots" Applied Sciences 14, no. 13: 5685. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135685

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