meaning of these and those

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these vs. those

These vs. those: what's the difference.

These is the plural of this —it’s used to point out things nearby. Those is the plural of that —it refers to things that aren’t right nearby. For example: Review these files, the ones here on my desk — not those over there . Both words can also indicate proximity in time, as in These last few years have been difficult, but those early years were much harder .

• plural of this .
• plural of that .

Compare More Commonly Confused Words

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English Grammar

THIS - THAT - THESE - THOSE

Demonstrative adjectives.

• This is used to refer to a single person, thing or place that is close to the speaker.
• This computer is easy to use.
• That coat on the chair is mine.
• This person is my colleague.
• That man over there is my boss.
• This picture is clearer than that one.
• This is my seat and that one is yours.
• These is the plural form of this .
• These letters are urgent.  Please post them immediately.
• Those men in the street are policemen.
• I like these shoes.  They're very comfortable.
• Those shoes on the shelf are very expensive.
• I like these shoes better than those shoes.
• These books are more interesting than those (books).
• The most surprising announcement was that made by the Prime Minister. ( That means the announcement, the one made by the Prime Minister)
• A shuttle service is available for our guests. Those interested should enquire at the reception desk. ( Those means the guests, the ones interested.)

Note: This, that, these and those can also be demonstrative pronouns when used to replace a noun.

See also : pronouns

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This That These Those

Perfect english grammar.

• This car. (One car.)
• These cars. (More than one car.)
• That boy. (One boy.)
• Those boys. (More than one boy.)
• I’d like this, please.
• That is beautiful!
• Could I try these on?
• She wants those.
• This child is hungry. (NOT: This is hungry. )
• This book (in my hand) is really good, but that book (on the table) is boring.
• I really like this film (that we’re watching now).
• I hated that film (that we watched last week).
• That’s a really good idea. (The things that you have explained.)
• This is so amazing (I mean the whole experience of today).
• This is Julia. (Julia is speaking.)
• Who is that?
• Amanda, this is John.
• This is my friend Lukas.

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This, that, these, those

It's a few weeks before Christmas and Sophie is working in India. She's doing her Christmas shopping in a local market.

Instructions

As you watch the video, look at the examples of this, that, these and those . They are in red in the subtitles. Then read the conversation below to learn more. Finally, do the grammar exercises to check you understand, and can use, this , that , these and those correctly.

Sophie: Darling, hi, it’s me.

Daisy: Hi, Mum.

Sophie: Listen, I’m in a bit of a hurry, but can you help me for a minute?

Daisy: Ummm ... yeah.

Sophie: Well, I’m doing a bit of Christmas shopping and I want your advice. Look. I’m here in the market. Wait a second, I’ll put my video on, OK? Listen, what do you think about these for your Uncle Bob?

Daisy: Mmm ... I’ve never seen Uncle Bob in trousers like those, but they are great! Maybe he needs a bit of colour in his life?!

Sophie: I’m not sure ... but maybe you’re right. I mean, they’re pure silk. OK, so you think they’re perfect for Bob?

Daisy: Well, I didn’t say ‘perfect’ exactly, but I’m sure he’ll like them. Wow, that market looks amazing. Lovely and colourful.

Sophie: It’s beautiful, Daisy. I’ll bring you next time for sure.

Daisy: You always say that, Mum!

Sophie: I know, love, but you have school and this is work you know!

Daisy: Yeah, I know. It’s all work, work, work.

Sophie: Daisy, one more question - what about this shirt for Oliver?

Daisy: For Ollie? Yeah, Mum, he’ll love it. No, hold on, what about that one over there, behind you? The one with the flowers on.

Sophie: This one? Really? Do you think it’s Ollie’s style? It’s a bit loud, isn’t it? He usually likes darker colours ... and I’m not sure about the flowers.

Daisy: Oh, he’ll love it, Mum. At least he won’t get lost on a dark night!

Sophie: Yeah, maybe ... he has got some brighter coloured clothes recently. OK then, I’ll get these for Uncle Bob and this shirt for Oliver and you’re getting a surprise!

Daisy: Perfect, Mum! When are you arriving home?

Sophie: I’ll be there on Monday, OK? See you then, love.

Daisy: All right, Mum, see you soon. Take care.

Oliver: Was that Mum?

Sophie: Yeah.

Oliver: Any news?

Sophie: No, she was in a market, doing some Christmas shopping.

Oliver: Oh no! It’s going to be one of those years of ‘exotic’ presents, isn’t it?

Sophie: I’m afraid so! It’s going to be another weird Christmas Day! Do you remember that year when she’d just come back from Peru?

Oliver: Oh no!

We use this/that/these/those to explain what we are talking about. We sometimes use them with nouns and we sometimes use them on their own.

We use this (singular) and these (plural) to talk about things close to us, and that (singular) and those (plural) to talk about things at some distance away from us.

What about this shirt for Oliver? No, hold on, what about that one over there?

So this is the idea of here and that is the idea of there ?

Yes, exactly.

Wow, that market looks amazing. (= there . I'm not in the market, it's at some distance away from me) This market is amazing. (= here . I'm in the market)

What about time? How does time affect this or that ?

A good question. We use that to show distance in time as well as distance in space.

This is a good film. (we're watching it now) That was a good film. (we saw it at some time in the past)

Are this/these and that/those always used with nouns?

No, we can use them as pronouns , without nouns, when it's obvious what they refer to.

What do you think about these for your Uncle Bob? (pointing to trousers) I've never seen Uncle Bob in trousers like those . (those trousers, but we don't need to repeat trousers) Who was that ?

So they are useful words in shops or cafes. If you don't know the word for something, you can just say, 'Can I see that ?' or 'I'd like those , please' and point.

Yes, they're very useful words!

I think I've heard this and that refer to more general things too, not just specific things.

That's right. This and that can refer to what somebody has said or what has happened. This could be several things or ideas.

That 's right. (everything you said) This is work you know! (all the things I'm doing) That was a great concert! (something that has just happened)

What about phone language? How do people use this and that ?

When you explain who is talking you say, 'Hi, this is Dan.' And to check who is speaking, you can say, 'Is that Jenny?'

Can I say 'This is me'?

No. If you're phoning someone you know very well, you'd say ' It's me.'

What about introducing people to each other? Do I use this or that ?

When you're introducing one person to another person, you say, 'Juliette, this is Marc'.

OK, thanks. That 's all for now!

Check your grammar: gap fill - this, that, these and those

Check your grammar: multiple choice - this, that, these and those, worksheets and downloads.

Did you enjoy this Grammar Snack? Do you think Oliver will like that shirt? ;)

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How to Use These and Those

Last Updated: June 7, 2023 Fact Checked

This article was co-authored by Megan Morgan, PhD . Megan Morgan is a Graduate Program Academic Advisor in the School of Public & International Affairs at the University of Georgia. She earned her PhD in English from the University of Georgia in 2015. There are 7 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 666,270 times.

These and those are both pronouns, words that substitute for other nouns in a sentence. Knowing when to use each pronoun can be tricky, however. If you're confused about when to use these and those , read on to find out the difference between them.

Understanding Pronouns

• These and those are plural pronouns: they refer to or replace plural nouns.

• American English considers collective nouns, or nouns that refer to a large group of things that cannot be counted individually (such as milk or data ), as singular nouns. Use this or that rather that these or those for collective nouns. For example: " This milk has spilled all over the floor!"
• British English differs from American English in using collective nouns. British English refers to some collective nouns such as crowd or data as plural, so it is appropriate to use these or those in British English. For example: " These data don't match the graphs you gave me."

• Singular: This book (a single book) on the shelf next to me belongs to Rajeev.
• Plural: These books (several books) on the shelf next to me belong to Rajeev. [Note that the verb belong has also been made to agree in number.]
• Singular: Look at this bracelet (a single bracelet) on my wrist!
• Plural: Look at these bracelets (many bracelets) on my wrist!
• Singular: Who put this cupcake (a single cupcake) in the refrigerator?
• Plural: Who put these cupcakes (some cupcakes) in the refrigerator?

• Singular: That mountain (a mountain) looks really small from here.
• Plural: Those mountains (several mountains) look really small from here. [Note that the verb look has also been made to agree in number.]
• Singular: Could you hand me that box (a box) on the other side of the room?
• Plural: Could you hand me those boxes (a few boxes) on the other side of the room?
• Singular: Why hasn't that scientist (a scientist) at NASA found extraterrestrial life?
• Plural: Why haven't those scientists (many scientists) at NASA found extraterrestrial life? [Note that the verb have has also been made to agree in number.]

Using These Correctly

• I'm holding three chocolate bars. Do you want all of these ? ( These replaces chocolate bars .)
• Would you like to borrow some books? Here, take these . ( These replaces books .)
• These are so beautiful! Thank you for the flowers. ( These replaces flowers .)

• These books on the shelf belong to Rajeev. [The books are near the speaker.]
• Look at all these bracelets on my wrist! [The bracelets are on the speaker's wrist, so they're nearby.]
• Who put these cupcakes in the refrigerator? [Presumably, the speaker is close to the cupcakes.]

• These shows I've been watching are absolutely extraordinary. [The shows have been watched in the recent past.]
• Have you seen these letters to the editor in today's news? [The letters have been published in today's newspaper.]
• Why don't you take these books with you when you go? [The books will be taken by the other person in the near future.]

• For example: " These are my classmates, Sean and Adrienne."
• However, in English we do not use these to refer directly to people: " These are Sean and Adrienne" is incorrect. Instead, you would say " This is Sean and this is Adrienne."
• If introducing yourself, as when answering the phone, use this : "Hello, this is Chang."

Using Those Correctly

• That man over there is holding three chocolate bars. Do you want all of those ? ( Those replaces chocolate bars .)
• Would you like to borrow some books ? Take those over there on the shelf. ( Those replaces books .)
• Those were so beautiful! Thank you for the flowers you gave me yesterday. ( Those replaces flowers .)

• Those mountains look really small from here. [The mountains are far away from the speaker.]
• Could you hand me those boxes on the other side of the room? [The boxes are on the other side of the room.]
• Why haven't those scientists at NASA found extraterrestrial life? [The speaker may be emphasizing that they don't feel connected to the NASA scientists.]

• Those shows I watched last week were absolutely extraordinary. [The shows were watched some time ago.]
• Did you see those letters to the editor in yesterday's news? [The letters were published in the past.]
• Why do all those politicians fight so much? [The speaker may be emphasizing a feeling of personal distance from the politicians.]

Usage Chart

Community Q&A

• If you can count the number of objects you're talking about (like pencils, sheep, or people) use these' or those . [10] X Research source Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
• If you can't count the number of objects you're talking about (like milk, software, or rain), use this or that . Thanks Helpful 10 Not Helpful 9

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/grammar/pronouns/index.html
• ↑ https://www.niu.edu/writingtutorial/grammar/pronoun-agreement.shtml
• ↑ https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/grammar/british-grammar/this-that-these-those
• ↑ https://www.grammar.cl/Notes/This_That_These_Those.htm
• ↑ http://www.theenglishspace.com/grammar/demonstratives.html
• ↑ https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/english-grammar-reference/demonstratives
• ↑ http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/noncountnoun.htm

About This Article

If you’re not sure how to use the words “these” and “those” correctly, try to remember that “these” refers to multiple objects which are nearby in space and time, while “those” refers to objects which are far away. For example, you might say, "I loved those cookies you made yesterday," or you could say "These books are making my backpack really heavy!" To learn more about the functions of pronouns from our English reviewer, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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Demonstrative Pronouns Definition and Examples – This, That, These, Those

| Candace Osmond

Candace Osmond

Candace Osmond studied Advanced Writing & Editing Essentials at MHC. She’s been an International and USA TODAY Bestselling Author for over a decade. And she’s worked as an Editor for several mid-sized publications. Candace has a keen eye for content editing and a high degree of expertise in Fiction.

This, that, these, and those are what we call demonstrative pronouns because they point to certain nouns depending on the distance.

Keep reading as I explain the definition and even provide a complete list of demonstrative pronouns in English. This guide also explains the correct pronoun usage and then provides a practice worksheet to test your understanding.

Demonstrative Pronoun Definition

A demonstrative pronoun is a kind of pronoun used to point to something explicit in the same sentence. Remember that a pronoun replaces people, things, places, or events in sentences.

This type of pronoun represents an object that is either near or far in time or distance. They include this, these, that, and those. For example:

• These are nice shoes, but the heels are too high.

These is the subject of the sentence, representing shoes . The speaker or writer may be currently wearing the shoes as they are narrating.

The previous sentence example shows how important context is when using a demonstrative pronoun in writing. Using it in speech makes it easy to point to the object and use other body language signals. But when writing, you need to be more descriptive.

Demonstrative pronouns sometimes function as demonstrative adjectives because they modify nouns and pronouns. For instance, in the phrase this apple, this modifies the object apple. Therefore, it is in adjective form.

Pronouns come in other forms, such as personal pronouns, indefinite pronouns, reflexive pronouns, interrogative pronouns, possessive pronouns, reciprocal pronouns, and intensive pronouns.

What are the Examples of Demonstrative Pronouns?

Here is my list of demonstrative pronoun examples. These pronouns can be singular or plural.

Singular Demonstrative Pronouns

Here’s a list of demonstrative pronouns in singular forms.

• This (points to a close object, person, place, or event).
• That (points to a faraway object, person, place, or event).

Plural Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns also have plural forms.

• These (points to close objects, persons, places, or events).
• Those. (points to faraway objects, persons, places, or events).

Demonstrative pronouns are gender-neutral pronouns. However, in other foreign languages like Spanish, demonstrative pronouns include female pronouns and masculine pronouns.

How to Use Demonstrative Pronouns

Visual distance is critical to the use of demonstrative pronouns. Here are some examples of demonstrative pronouns in sentences.

• These flowers are so beautiful.
• That is an amazing sweatshirt you’re wearing.

In the first sentence, these refers to the noun flowers, which is in its plural form. It’s also safe to assume that the speaker is currently holding the flowers because they are saying these instead of those.

Sometimes, demonstrative pronouns are not specifically named in the sentence. For example:

• I can’t believe this is happening.

The sentence doesn’t show what this means. However, we’re sure that it’s something that the writer cannot believe is happening. The use of this also implies that it is currently happening.

A demonstrative pronoun can also describe a proper noun, especially an identified person. For example:

• That looks like Taylor.

Here, that refers to Taylor, a proper noun for a person.

You might notice that some AI editors or grammar tools ask you to add the antecedent for demonstrative pronouns in your sentences. But this isn’t always necessary, especially if your message is clear.

For instance, it’s okay to say I can’t believe this is happening without mentioning what’s happening in the same sentence. As long as you mention it in the previous or following sentences, then you don’t need to worry.

That as a Demonstrative Pronoun and Relative Pronoun

Aside from being a demonstrative pronoun and adjective, that also functions as a relative pronoun. That becomes a relative pronoun when it introduces a specific type of clause. For example:

• I went to the store that offered 50% off on school supplies.

The sentence above uses that to introduce the relative clause, that offered 50% off on school supplies.

Can You End a Sentence with a Demonstrative Pronoun?

Yes, you can end your English sentences with demonstrative pronouns. For example:

• Joan gave me those.

A preposition is the only part of speech you should not use at the end of sentences.

What is the Importance of Demonstrative Pronouns?

Demonstrative pronouns are types of pronouns that help avoid repetition when writing or talking in the English language. It represents an exact noun or a string of noun phrases already mentioned in the sentence.

Unlike personal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns also imply some sort of distance in length or time.

These pronouns are also essential for young English speakers and writers to develop more grammar skills. It’s a huge step toward producing complex sentences and any other sentence structure.

Examples of Demonstrative Pronouns in a Sentence

Here are more examples of demonstrative pronouns in sentences.

• This is not what I expected.
• The towel is wet. What should I do with this?
• That is my favorite vegetable.
• That’s the way to the lake.
• These are the thickest books I’ve ever seen.
• I want to get five of these.
• Could you bring those for me?
• Those were my wishes when I was young.

Demonstrative Pronouns are Important

Numerous languages have their own demonstrative pronouns, all working to point to specific things in terms of distance or time. This class of pronouns includes this, that, these, and those in English .

Now you know the demonstrative pronoun’s definition and correct usage. Use them correctly in sentences and differentiate them from demonstrative adjectives.

Grammarist is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. When you buy via the links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission at no cost to you.

2024 © Grammarist, a Found First Marketing company. All rights reserved.

This/That/These/Those

What’s the difference between this, that, these and those.

This, that, these and those are demonstrative pronouns , which means we use them to specify which thing or person we are talking about in particular.

We use this and that with singular nouns , and these and those with plural countable nouns .

Which one we use depends on whether the thing we are talking about is close to the speaker or far away.

Use this to indicate a singular thing or person that is near you. Use these for plural things or people that are near you.

Use that to indicate a singular thing or person that is far away from you. Use those for plural things or people that are far away from you.

Come/go , Here/There and Take/Bring have similar differences in meaning.

Learn more about demonstrative pronouns in English grammar .

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Maybe later

Difference between These and Those

“I will have these/those delivered tomorrow.”

Whether you use “these” or “those,” this sentence would still be grammatically correct. However, it is important to note that the two words are used differently and are not interchangeable. So what’s the difference between the two? This article will discuss the difference between “these” and “those.”

• 1 Summary Table
• 2 Descriptions
• 3 These vs Those
• 4 These, those as determiners
• 5 These, those as pronouns
• 6 These and those: uses to refer physical closeness
• 7 These and those: uses to refer emotional distance
• 8 These and those: uses to refer shared knowledge
• 9 Substitution with those
• 10 Writing tips
• 11 Example sentences – Best Day of My Life

Summary Table

Descriptions.

The word these is the plural of “this.” It is used:

• When the object (people or things) is plural and is near the speaker physically; for example: These are my new calligraphy pens. (The speaker is holding the pens.)
• To introduce people to other people; for example: Hi, Dad. These are my new teammates, Ronnie, Betty, and Kevin.
• When talking about things that the speaker feels positive about or the things that are emotionally close to the speaker; for example: I love these mats made of recycled plastic!
• When talking about something that recently happened or to introduce a person or thing in a narrative; for example: Yesterday, these so-called insurance representatives forced me to sign some fraudulent documents.

On the other hand, the word those is the plural of “that.” It is used:

• When the object (people or things) is plural and is away from the speaker; for example: Look at those hot air balloons! They are so far up in the air they look so tiny!
• When the speaker is talking about are two groups of things next to each other, the second group can be referred to as “those” although both groups are the near the speaker; for example: These Danish cookies are all mine, and those cheap candies are yours.
• When talking about things that the speaker does not approve of or things that the speaker does not feel positive about; for example: Ugh! I saw her designs yesterday. Gosh, I hate those awful leatherette blouses!

These vs Those

What, then, is the difference between these and those?

“These” is the plural form of “this” whereas “those” is the plural form of “that.”

The biggest difference between the two is that “these” is used when the speaker talking about things or persons near him or things that he feels positive about. “Those” is used when the speaker is talking about things or persons far from him or things that he does not approve of.

Additionally, “these” is used when introducing people to other people. It is also used to introduce persons or things in a narrative. On the other hand, “those” can also be used to refer to the second group of persons or things (when the speaker is talking about two groups) the speaker is talking about even if both groups are near him.

To easily remember this, keep in mind that: “these are here, those are there.”

These, those as determiners

If you were to look at the sentence structure of English, you would notice that it uses words like “these” and “those” as determiners. For example: There are two types of these , they are hard and soft .

A “determiner” is a category consisting of nouns that are directly modified by one or more other nouns. Determiners include pronouns, numerals, demonstratives determiners, adjectives, and other category members. For example:

(1) These = these are those people = these are the people who will come here.

(2) Those = those are those guys who did this = those are the guys who did this thing.

Note: In each case, the noun in question is either directly modified by another noun or indirectly modified by another noun through an intervening preposition or adverb. If a determiner modifies a noun directly, then it must appear in a phrase which includes the noun.

If a determiner modifies a noun indirectly, then it may appear in a phrase which does not include the noun. As can be seen from (1) and (2), the first word is modified by the second word, which is itself modified by another noun.

These, those as pronouns

These is a pronoun used to refer to persons or things already mentioned in the preceding clause. They is used to refer to persons or things not mentioned before. In addition, they is used as a plural noun. In English, this form of the pronoun is more common than the other forms.

Those are the only people I have met from my village in Pakistan.

Those are nice houses that we have seen today.

The villagers who live around here know how important it is for children to get their basic education. These students whose parents work very hard for their education deserve all our support.

These and those: uses to refer physical closeness

In english grammar, we use these to refer to people and things that are close to the speakers.

Do these books belong to the students?

(It’s happening right now and the speaker is pointing to the books).

Why are these snacks here?

In contrast, english speakers use those to address things and people that are more distant from the speaker and sometimes closer to the listener.

How much are those socks?

Can you help to get those glasses?

Could you help me to throw wash those dishes? I am late for meeting.

These and those: uses to refer emotional distance

In both American English and British English, we use these and those to refer to emotional distance. We use those to address the existing emotional distance. However, these are used to address positive feelings about the things or people the speakers talk about.

I don’t like the food. It has those unsavory blend of spices.

I love these pretty flowers that you buy for your mother.

I like these new books that my mom just got from her friends.

These and those: uses to refer shared knowledge

These and those are sometimes used to address the shared information between two speakers.

You know those students in class A? They just won another science competition.

Those shops next to our college currently offer 50% discounts.

I doubt that those climate change prevention programs they proposed will make any differences.

The teacher gave tips about countable and uncountable nouns earlier. Do you remember those specific things about how to determine nouns easily?

Substitution with those

In academic writing, we can use those to substitute the ones.

The recent posts on our school’s linguistics blog talked about 10 tips for learning english easily. The methods suggested are those captivating to students.

Those in “those captivating” is used to replace the ones captivating.

Writing tips

The form these or those has a negative connotation and it should be avoided for esl learners in both formal writing and informal conversations. In formal writing, these can be replaced by who, whom or whose if it can be avoided without affecting the meaning of the sentence.

Instead of using this form of pronoun in your sentences, you can use he/she/it or some other similar pronouns which do not have a negative connotation and which sound natural when referring to people who are not mentioned before in your sentences by using this form of pronoun.

Example sentences – Best Day of My Life

Human life is filled with different experiences, both good and bad. These experiences are called life moments. There are some people who are able to say what is the best day of their life, but others are not able to do so. Why do some people have good memories while others don’t? What makes a day memorable?

For the last week, I have been experiencing the most wonderful time of my life. I have never felt so happy in my entire life. I have never felt anything like these before.

When was the best day of your life? It’s not the day you were born, or even those days you fell in love. It’s not the moment you took those first steps, or the day you saw those rainbows. It’s not even when you learned to talk in English language.

It’s the day that mattered most to you. It was the day that changed everything about who you are, and how it made you feel about yourself and those around you.

It was a time when your world shifted from being only about yourself to being about someone else as well — a person who matters more than anything else in this world. And that person was also yours.

• English Difference Between
• Difference Between These And Those

Difference between These and Those

One of the most common grammar topics that is included in the syllabus of primary kids is demonstrative pronouns like ‘these’ and ‘those’. This kind of topic is included at a primary levels to help children understand how to use them correctly in sentences. What is the easy way to teach the usage of these two terms to kids? Are there any rules that they need to know before using the word? All these points will be discussed in this article.

The English Language can turn out to be intimidating to kids if they are not taught the right way to implement words in sentences. Once the kids are taught how to use the words ‘these’ and ‘those’ or what they have to bear in mind while using these words, it becomes easier for them to understand. The following topics will explain everything that a student needs to know about the proper usage of ‘these’ and ‘those’.

Table Summarising the Difference between These and Those

The difference between these and those – meanings, examples of these and those, these and those – conclusion.

So the tabular chart shows that both ‘these’ and ‘those’ may be used as pronouns, but they refer to objects at different distances. The detailed meanings of the words will help students understand their correct usage.

If a speaker wants to point towards a nearby noun that is plural in nature, then the pronoun ‘these’ is used, for example, ‘These shoes are mine.’ Here, the pronoun ‘these’ is used to refer to the shoes that belong to the speaker and are near him, whereas the word ‘those’ is used to refer to an noun that’s plural in nature and is at a distance far from the speaker, for example, ‘Those stars are far away in the sky.’ Here, ‘those’ is used to refer to the distant stars  that are visible to the the speaker from far. Once students get this, it will be simpler for them to use these pronouns in sentences.

Let’s go through the given examples of ‘these’ and ‘those’ to understand the concepts clearly:

These – These flowers are very beautiful. (pronoun)

Those – Those cars are parked right next to the booth. (pronoun)

These examples will help the students understand the difference between pronouns ‘these’ and ‘those’.

Summing up, both the words ‘these’ and ‘those’ are pronouns that are used to refer to plural objects that are at a specific distances from the speaker. These pronouns can’t be swapped or can’t be used synonymously. While using these pronouns, one has to check the distance of the objects from the speaker. BYJU’S provides different articles on many such ‘Difference Between’ two words that students often get confused with.

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Meaning of those in English

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• Can I help you with those bags ?
• If you add those four figures up, it comes to over £500.
• It is surely the duty of the stronger members in a society to help those who are weak .
• Don't keep all those chocolates to yourself - pass them around.
• In those days it was considered not quite proper for young ladies to be seen talking to men in public .
• allude to someone / something
• allusiveness
• as for someone/something idiom
• bandy something around
• quote ... unquote idiom
• refer to someone/something
• reported speech
• undermentioned

You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics:

those | American Dictionary

Translations of those.

Get a quick, free translation!

Word of the Day

a computer program designed to have a conversation with a human being, usually over the internet

Searching out and tracking down: talking about finding or discovering things

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This Mother's Day, share a heartfelt message with these 30 quotes about mothers

Celebrating mothers and motherhood has been a tradition for centuries, even before Mother's Day was officially created. It dates back to  the ancient Greeks and Romans who held festivals for Rhea and Cybele, the mother goddesses, the History Channel reports. Today, the holiday continues to honor mothers and mother figures.

While you might think that you show your mother love for everything she does throughout the year, the second Sunday in May serves as another chance to do so. And how you display your gratitude could vary depending on your love language .

If you're a fan of words of affirmation, here are some quotes to share – or write on a card – this Mother's Day.

Making a bouquet? Here are what flowers are safe v. toxic for cats.

Mother's Day, motherhood quotes

• "I realized when you look at your mother, you are looking at the purest love you will ever know." – Mitch Albom , "For One More Day"
• "Mama was my greatest teacher, a teacher of compassion, love and fearlessness. If love is sweet as a flower, then my mother is that sweet flower of love." – Stevie Wonder
• "A mother is your first friend, your best friend, your forever friend." – Amit Kalantri , "Wealth of Words"
• "Mother's love is peace. It need not be acquired, it need not be deserved." – Erich Fromm
• "Mother is a verb. It's something you do. Not just who you are." – Cheryl Lacey Donovan , "The Ministry of Motherhood"
• "Acceptance, tolerance, bravery, compassion. These are the things my mom taught me." – Lady Gaga
• "A mother's love is patient and forgiving when all others are forsaking, it never fails or falters, even though the heart is breaking." – Helen Rice
• "A mother's love is more beautiful than any fresh flower." – Debasish Mridha
• "When your mother asks, 'Do you want a piece of advice?' it's a mere formality. It doesn't matter if you answer yes or no. You're going to get it anyway." – Erma Bombeck
• "All that I am or ever hope to be, I owe to my angel mother." – President Abraham Lincoln
• "I wondered if my smile was as big as hers. Maybe as big. But not as beautiful." – Benjamin Alire Sáenz , "Aristotle and Dante Discover the Secrets of the Universe"
• "Sometimes the strength of motherhood is greater than natural laws." – Barbara Kingsolver , "Homeland and Other Stories"
• "A mother is she who can take the place of all others but whose place no one else can take." – Gaspard Mermillod
• "I can imagine no heroism greater than motherhood." –   Lance Conrad , "The Price of Creation"
• "To describe my mother would be to write about a hurricane in its perfect power. Or the climbing, falling colors of a rainbow." – Maya Angelou
• "A mother's arms are more comforting than anyone else's." – Princess Diana
• "My mother is my root, my foundation. She planted the seed that I base my life on, and that is the belief that the ability to achieve starts in your mind." – Michael Jordan
• "There's no way to be a perfect mother and a million ways to be a good one." – Jill Churchill
• "Being a mother is an attitude, not a biological relation." – Robert A. Heinlein , "Have Space Suit—Will Travel"
• "Mothers and their children are in a category all their own. There's no bond so strong in the entire world. No love so instantaneous and forgiving." – Gail Tsukiyama , "Dreaming Water"
• "When you are a mother, you are never really alone in your thoughts. You are connected to your child and to all those who touch your lives. A mother always has to think twice, once for herself and once for her child." – Sophia Loren
• "Once you’re a mom, you’re always a mom. It’s like riding a bike, you never forget." – Taraji P. Henson
• "The world, we'd discovered, doesn't love you like your family loves you." – Louis Zamperini
• "The woman who is my best friend, my teacher, my everything: Mom." – Sandra Vischer , "Unliving the Dream"
• "Mothers possess a power beyond that of a king on his throne." – Mabel Hale
• "The influence of a mother in the lives of her children is beyond calculation." – James E. Faust
• "But behind all your stories is always your mother's story, because hers is where yours begins." – Mitch Albom , "For One More Day"
• "My mother sacrificed her dreams so I could dream." – Rupi Kaur
• "Mother's arms are made of tenderness, and sweet sleep blesses the child who lies within." – Victor Hugo
• "No language can express the power and beauty and heroism of a mother’s love." – Edwin Hubbel Chapin

Looking for inspiration? 50 positive quotes for peak motivation

Just Curious for more? We've got you covered

USA TODAY is exploring the questions you and others ask every day. From " Who was the oldest Golden Girl? " to " What is the smallest country? " to " What's May's birthstone? " − we're striving to find answers to the most common questions you ask every day. Head to our  Just Curious section  to see what else we can answer.

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About Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDDs)

What are idds.

IDDs are differences that are usually present at birth and that uniquely affect the trajectory of the individual’s physical, intellectual, and/or emotional development. Many of these conditions affect multiple body parts or systems.

Intellectual disability 1 starts any time before a child turns 18 and is characterized by differences with both:

• Intellectual functioning or intelligence, which include the ability to learn, reason, problem solve, and other skills; and
• Adaptive behavior, which includes everyday social and life skills.

The term "developmental disabilities" is a broader category of often lifelong challenges that can be intellectual, physical, or both. 2

"IDD" is the term often used to describe situations in which intellectual disability and other disabilities are present. 3

It might be helpful to think about IDDs in terms of the body parts or systems they affect or how they occur. For example 4 :

• Nervous system These disorders affect how the brain, spinal cord, and nervous system function, which can affect intelligence and learning. These conditions can also cause other issues, such as behavioral disorders, speech or language difficulties, seizures, and trouble with movement. Cerebral palsy, 5 Down syndrome , Fragile X syndrome , and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are examples of IDDs related to problems with the nervous system.
• Sensory system These disorders affect the senses (sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell) or how the brain processes or interprets information from the senses. Preterm infants and infants exposed to infections, such as cytomegalovirus, may have reduced function with their eyesight and/or hearing. In addition, being touched or held can be difficult for people with ASDs.
• Metabolism These disorders affect how the body uses food and other materials for energy and growth. For example, how the body breaks down food during digestion is a metabolic process. Problems with these processes can upset the balance of materials available for the body to function properly. Too much of one thing, or too little of another can disrupt overall body and brain functions. Phenylketonuria (PKU) and congenital hypothyroidism are examples of metabolic conditions that can lead to IDDs.
• Degenerative Individuals with degenerative disorders may seem or be typical at birth and may meet usual developmental milestones for a time, but then they experience disruptions in skills, abilities, and functions because of the condition. In some cases, the disorder may not be detected until the child is an adolescent or adult and starts to show symptoms or lose abilities. Some degenerative disorders result from other conditions, such as untreated problems of metabolism.

The exact definition of IDD, as well as the different types or categories of IDD, may vary depending on the source of the information.

For example, within the context of education and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), a law that aims to ensure educational services to children with disabilities throughout the nation, the definition of IDD and the types of conditions that are considered IDD might be different from the definitions and categories used by the Social Security Administration (SSA) to provide services and support for those with disabilities. These definitions and categories might also be different from those used by healthcare providers and researchers.

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Intellectual disability fact sheet . Retrieved August 9, 2012, from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/developmentaldisabilities/facts-about-intellectual-disability.html
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (May 18, 2012). Cerebral palsy: Facts about cerebral palsy . Retrieved August 12, 2012, from http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/cp/facts.html

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Trump Leads in 5 Key States, as Young and Nonwhite Voters Express Discontent With Biden

A new set of Times/Siena polls, including one with The Philadelphia Inquirer, reveal an erosion of support for the president among young and nonwhite voters upset about the economy and Gaza.

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THE NEW YORK TIMES

THE PHILADELPHIA INQUIRER

SIENA COLLEGE POLL

April 28 to May 9

If the 2024 presidential election

were held today , who would you

vote for if the candidates were

Joe Biden and Donald Trump ?

Pennsylvania

Margin of error

If the 2024 presidential election were held today, who would you vote for if the candidates were Joe Biden and Donald Trump ?

By Nate Cohn

Donald J. Trump leads President Biden in five crucial battleground states, a new set of polls shows , as a yearning for change and discontent over the economy and the war in Gaza among young, Black and Hispanic voters threaten to unravel the president’s Democratic coalition.

The surveys by The New York Times, Siena College and The Philadelphia Inquirer found that Mr. Trump was ahead among registered voters in a head-to-head matchup against Mr. Biden in five of six key states: Michigan, Arizona, Nevada, Georgia and Pennsylvania. Mr. Biden led among registered voters in only one battleground state, Wisconsin.

[You can find the full results of the polls, including the exact questions that were asked, here . You can see answers to common questions about our polling process here .]

The race was closer among likely voters. Mr. Trump led in five states as well, but Mr. Biden edged ahead in Michigan while trailing only narrowly in Wisconsin and Pennsylvania. While Mr. Biden won all six of those states in 2020, victories in Pennsylvania, Michigan and Wisconsin would be enough for him to win re-election, provided he won everywhere else he did four years ago.

The results were similar in a hypothetical matchup that included minor-party candidates and the independent candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr., who won an average of 10 percent of the vote across the six states and drew roughly equally from the two major-party candidates.

The findings are mostly unchanged since the last series of Times/Siena polls in battleground states in November. Since then, the stock market has gained 25 percent, Mr. Trump’s criminal trial in Manhattan has started, and the Biden campaign has unleashed tens of millions of dollars in advertisements across the battleground states.

The polls offer little indication that any of these developments have helped Mr. Biden, hurt Mr. Trump or quelled the electorate’s discontent. Instead, the surveys show that the cost of living, immigration, Israel’s war in Gaza and a desire for change continue to be a drag on the president’s standing. While Mr. Biden benefited from a burst of momentum in the wake of his State of the Union address in March, he continues to trail in the average of national and battleground state polls.

How support for the candidates differ

between registered and likely voters

The findings reveal widespread dissatisfaction with the state of the country and serious doubts about Mr. Biden’s ability to deliver major improvements to American life. A majority of voters still desire the return to normalcy promised by Mr. Biden in the last campaign, but voters in battleground states remain particularly anxious, unsettled and itching for change. Nearly 70 percent of voters say that the country’s political and economic systems need major changes — or even to be torn down entirely.

Only a sliver of Mr. Biden’s supporters — just 13 percent — believe that the president would bring major changes in his second term, while even many of those who dislike Mr. Trump grudgingly acknowledge that he would shake up an unsatisfying status quo.

The sense that Mr. Biden would do little to improve the nation’s fortunes has helped erode his standing among young, Black and Hispanic voters, who usually represent the foundation of any Democratic path to the presidency. The Times/Siena polls found that the three groups wanted fundamental changes to American society, not just a return to normalcy, and few believed that Mr. Biden would make even minor changes that would be good for the country.

Mr. Trump and Mr. Biden are essentially tied among 18-to-29-year-olds and Hispanic voters, even though each group gave Mr. Biden more than 60 percent of their vote in 2020. Mr. Trump also wins more than 20 percent of Black voters — a tally that would be the highest level of Black support for any Republican presidential candidate since the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

The polls suggest that Mr. Trump’s strength among young and nonwhite voters has at least temporarily upended the electoral map, with Mr. Trump surging to a significant lead in Arizona, Georgia and Nevada — relatively diverse Sun Belt states where Black and Hispanic voters propelled Mr. Biden to signature victories in the 2020 election.

Mr. Biden nonetheless remains within striking distance. He has maintained most of his support among older and white voters, who are much less likely to demand fundamental changes to the system and far likelier to say that democracy is the most important issue for their vote. As a result, Mr. Biden is more competitive in the three relatively white Northern swing states: Michigan, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin.

The economy and the cost of living, however, remain the most important issues for one-quarter of voters — and a significant drag on Mr. Biden’s prospects. More than half of voters still believe that the economy is “poor,” down merely a single percentage point since November despite cooling inflation, an end to rate hikes and significant stock market gains.

Nearly 40 percent of Mr. Trump’s supporters said that the economy or the cost of living was the most important issue in the election, among them Jennifer Wright, a registered nurse in Sterling Heights, Mich. She supported Mr. Trump in 2016 and 2020, and to her the election comes down to one question: “Who is the best candidate who is going to help me be in a financial situation to retire?”

“Even me, as a registered nurse, I’m buying Kroger brand or store brand. I’m not buying Jif. We’ve all had to cut back,” she said.

The Biden administration’s insistence that the economy is faring well has fallen flat for many voters, including Jacob Sprague, 32, who works as a systems engineer in Reno, Nev. He says that he voted for Mr. Biden in 2020 but will not be doing so this time.

“It is concerning to me when I keep seeing press come out of the White House where they keep saying the economy is good,” Mr. Sprague said. “That’s really weird because I’m paying more on taxes and more on groceries and more on housing and more on fuel. So that doesn’t feel good.”

With less than six months to go until the election, there is still time for an improving economy to lift Mr. Biden’s standing. Historically, polls at this early stage have not been necessarily indicative of the outcome, and Mr. Trump’s breakthrough among traditionally Democratic young, Black and Hispanic voters may not rest on a solid foundation. His strength is concentrated among irregular, disengaged voters who do not pay close attention to politics and may not yet be tuned into the race. They may be prone to shift their views as the race gets underway.

In a finding that will frustrate Democrats, even as it presents opportunity for Mr. Biden, nearly 20 percent of voters blame him more than they do Mr. Trump for the Supreme Court’s decision in 2022 to overturn Roe v. Wade. They may be the kind of voters that the Biden campaign hopes to persuade as the campaign heats up.

The polls showed that abortion loomed as one of Mr. Trump’s biggest vulnerabilities. On average, 64 percent of voters in battleground states said that abortion should be always or mostly legal, including 44 percent of Mr. Trump’s own supporters.

In recent weeks, the Biden campaign has sought to emphasize Mr. Trump’s support for the Supreme Court justices who overturned Roe v. Wade. For now, though, voters preferred Mr. Biden over Mr. Trump to handle the issue of abortion by 11 points, 49 to 38 percent.

A bigger challenge for Mr. Biden than disengaged voters may ultimately be the disaffected and the disillusioned — those who desire fundamental changes to American society, or who believe that the political and economic systems need to be torn down altogether. Not long ago, these anti-system voters might have been reliably Democratic, but Mr. Trump’s anti-establishment populist brand of conservatism has flipped the usual political dynamic.

Seventy percent of voters believe that Mr. Trump will either bring major changes to the political or economic system or tear down the systems altogether, compared with 24 percent who expect the same from Mr. Biden. And while many voters express deep reservations about Mr. Trump personally, 43 percent of voters believe that he will bring good changes to the country, compared with 35 percent who think the changes will be bad.

Most Americans think the system

needs to change …

Which comes closest to your view about

the political and economic system in America,

even if none are exactly right?

The system needs ...

... no changes 2%

Don’t know/

declined to say 2%

… and they think that Donald Trump

would bring more change …

If [this candidate] won the election, do you think

nothing would change, there would be minor

changes to how things work, there would be

major changes to how things work, or he would

tear down the system completely?

would change

Minor changes

declined to say 4%

… but they are split on whether that

change would be good or bad.

Do you think the changes that [this candidate]

would make would be good for the country

or bad for the country, or neither good nor bad?

or very good

or very bad

declined to say 5%

Most Americans think the system needs to change …

Which comes closest to your view about the political and economic

system in America, even if none are exactly right?

... major changes

... minor changes

… and they think that Donald Trump would bring more change …

If [this candidate] won the election, do you think nothing would change,

there would be minor changes to how things work, there would be major

changes to how things work, or he would tear down the system completely?

… but they are split on whether that change would be good or bad.

Do you think the changes that [this candidate] would make would be good

for the country or bad for the country, or neither good nor bad?

Mr. Trump fares especially well among those who believe that the political and economic systems ought to be torn down, a group that represents about 15 percent of registered voters. He leads among these anti-system voters by 32 points, and the tear-it-down voters are especially likely to have defected from the president. In contrast, Mr. Biden retains nearly all of his 2020 supporters who believe only minor changes are necessary.

These change voters are not necessarily demanding a more ideologically progressive agenda. In the last Times/Siena poll of the same states, 11 percent of registered voters thought that Mr. Biden was not progressive or liberal enough. And while many liberal or progressive voters want major changes, relatively few of those voters are defecting from Mr. Biden.

Instead, Mr. Biden’s losses are concentrated among moderate and conservative Democratic-leaning voters, who nonetheless think that the system needs major changes or to be torn down altogether. Mr. Trump wins just 2 percent of Mr. Biden’s “very liberal” 2020 voters who think the system at least needs major changes, compared with 16 percent of those who are moderate or conservative.

One exception is Israel’s war in Gaza, an issue on which most of Mr. Biden’s challenge appears to come from his left. Around 13 percent of the voters who say they voted for Mr. Biden last time, but do not plan to do so again, said that his foreign policy or the war in Gaza was the most important issue to their vote. Just 17 percent of those voters reported sympathizing with Israel over the Palestinians.

Gerard Willingham, 30, works as a web administrator and lives in Riverdale, Ga. He voted for Mr. Biden in 2020, but he plans to vote for a third-party candidate in November because of the president’s response to the conflict in Gaza, the issue about which he cares most right now.

“I think it’s made quite a bit of difference in that it made me more heavily than in the past push toward voting for a third party, even if I feel that the candidates almost 100 percent won’t win,” Mr. Willingham said. “It’s starting to reach into my moral conscience, I guess.”

Mr. Trump’s trial in Manhattan, on charges that he falsified business records related to a hush-money payment to cover up an affair with the adult film star Stormy Daniels, was already underway when the polls began in late April. However, the survey offered little indication that the trial had damaged the former president’s political fortunes, at least so far. Just 29 percent of voters in battleground states said that they were paying “a lot” of attention to Mr. Trump’s legal woes, and 35 percent thought that the trial was likely to end in a conviction.

Alyce McFadden contributed reporting.

Here are the key things to know about how these polls were conducted:

We spoke with 4,097 registered voters in Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, Nevada, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin from April 28 to May 9, 2024.

Our polls are conducted by telephone, using live interviewers, in both English and Spanish. Nearly 95 percent of respondents were contacted on a cellphone for this poll. You can see the exact questions that were asked and the order in which they were asked here .

Voters are selected for the survey from a list of registered voters. The list contains information on the demographic characteristics of every registered voter, allowing us to make sure we reach the right number of voters of each party, race and region. For this set of polls, we placed nearly 500,000 calls to about 410,000 voters.

To further ensure that the results reflect the entire voting population, not just those willing to take a poll, we give more weight to respondents from demographic groups underrepresented among survey respondents, like people without a college degree. You can see more information about the characteristics of our respondents and the weighted sample on the methodology page , under “Composition of the Sample.”

When the states are joined together, the margin of sampling error among registered voters is plus or minus 1.8 percentage points. Each state poll has a margin of error ranging from plus or minus 3.6 points in Pennsylvania to plus or minus 4.6 points in Georgia. In theory, this means that the results should reflect the views of the overall population most of the time, though many other challenges create additional sources of error. When computing the difference between two values — such as a candidate’s lead in a race — the margin of error is twice as large.

You can see full results and a detailed methodology here . If you want to read more about how and why we conduct our polls, you can see answers to frequently asked questions and submit your own questions here .

The New York Times/Philadelphia Inquirer/Siena College poll of Pennsylvania was funded by a grant from The Lenfest Institute for Journalism. The poll was designed and conducted independently from the institute.

Nate Cohn is The Times’s chief political analyst. He covers elections, public opinion, demographics and polling. More about Nate Cohn

The Meaning Behind K-pop Group Names

A bout three years ago, a Facebook friend slid into my DMs with a question: "Who are your favorite K-pop girl groups?" I enthusiastically replied, "BLACKPINK, TWICE, (G)I-DLE, and ITZY," among others. They followed up with, "Are those the actual spellings, or are you just excited?"

My answer? "Both!"

The K-pop industry is renowned for its meticulous planning and branding. Also, at least stateside, for capitalization and spelling that defy English conventions.

It all starts with a name — a name that often comes with intentional and insistent stylization in all caps, courtesy of K-pop companies and their PR teams. Members’ names are frequently as…baffling.

But these names are more than just words; they hold a hidden layer of meaning. Take BTS, for example. In Korean, it's short for "Bangtan Sonyeondan," which translates to "Bulletproof Boy Scouts." As J-Hope explained in a 2016 interview with Affinity Magazine , "bangtan" signifies resistance to bullets, symbolizing their mission to shield adolescents from stereotypes, criticisms, and expectations.

Some K-pop group names require even more deciphering. Acronyms are a common theme, like MBLAQ (Music Boys Live in Absolute Quality), TEEN TOP (Teenager Emoboy Emotion Next Gen Object Praise), and B.A.P (Best Absolute Perfect). Anagrams are another trick — girl group LE SSERAFIM conveys seraphims (angels), but it also spells out "I’m Fearless," which aligns with their group’s ethos. “Fearless” was the title of their debut track. They also got extra mileage with their name when they titled their world tour with yet another anagram: “Flame Rises.”

Numbers also play a significant role in group names, often indicating the number of members, which can be problematic when members leave, as in the case of Fromis_9 . Boy group SEVENTEEN was originally intended to debut with 17 members but ended up with 13, leading to a new interpretation: 13 members + 3 sub-units + 1 team. (Sub-units are smaller formations of a group that explore different concepts and discographies.) Even late-night host Jimmy Fallon was puzzled by their name when interviewing super fan and Wednesday star Emma Myers.

South Korean entertainment giant CJE&M has birthed several K-pop groups through their reality talent competition series Produce 101 and its spinoffs, each group's name referencing the show's title. The first season created the girl group I.O.I, while the second formed the boy group Wanna One. Produce 48 , a collaboration with Japanese girl group AKB48, gave birth to the girl group IZ*ONE.

But amid all the whimsy and creativity in K-pop names, there's one glaring frustration —and it’s not just my editor’s eye rolling at the chaotic spelling and grammar. Many groups suffer from poor SEO, meaning they can't be easily found on search engines without additional keywords like "K-pop" or "group." Red Velvet, for instance, used to yield recipes for red velvet cupcakes. TWICE faced similar challenges early in their career but overcame them with smash hits. Acts often cited for SEO woes include WINNER, KINGDOM, Highlight, Nature, April, HOT, After School, 2AM, and 2PM, among others.

A K-pop expert and former member of BLACKPINK’s management, who wished to remain anonymous, sheds light on the naming process: "It's more of a bottom-up approach. We have all these things — what we want to do with the music, our genre, how they look, their personality , or at least the perceived personality — and then the group name will probably come last."

Regarding the SEO issue, he notes, "Back in the day, I don't think anyone really cared about that. That wasn't part of their strategy. Going into the U.S. wasn't their thing." Many older K-pop groups existed before the Western K-pop boom and social media era. Companies primarily focused on domestic fans in South Korea, who searched their Korean group names in hangul, yielding better results.

Can K-pop group names be silly or confusing? Yes. The initial confusion or amusement often stems from viewing them through an English lens. Yet, it's crucial to recognize that K-pop is fundamentally Korean. Beyond the all-caps stylization, acronyms, anagrams and numerical quirks, these names provide an insightful window into a culture that embraces its creative and cultural roots.

The post The Meaning Behind K-pop Group Names appeared first on JoySauce .

Money blog: Tourist taxes being imposed across Europe (and in UK) - here's how much they all are

An increasing number of cities are either imposing or increasing the cost of tourist taxes on visitors. Read this and our other Weekend Money content below, and let us know your thoughts. We'll be back with live updates on Monday.

Saturday 18 May 2024 17:03, UK

Weekend Money

• How to sell your home without an estate agent
• Tourist taxes to watch out for in popular holiday destinations
• Childcare vouchers, hard work and new skyscrapers: What readers have said this week
• Three things you need to know from Money this week

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• Basically... What is PIP - and what could government changes mean?
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As we've been reporting in the Money blog over the last few months, an increasing number of cities are either imposing or increasing the cost of tourist taxes on visitors. 

Many say they are preventing damages from overtourism, as well as funding local infrastructure and businesses. 

Here are the latest tourist fees for the most popular spots in Europe...

Tourists visiting Venice for the day will have to pay a €5 entry fee to enter the city between the hours of 8.30am and 4pm.

Meanwhile, those staying overnight in Venice are charged a fee between €1 to €5 within the accommodation price for the first five consecutive nights.

People visiting the Spanish city now have to pay €3.25 if they're staying in official accommodation, up from €2.75.

Manchester 

Visitors must pay £1 per room, per night across 73 hotels. 

The scheme, which has raised more than £2m within a year, is for improvements to attract more tourists.

Tourists must pay €2 per person for every night they stay, although this is only applied for a maximum of seven nights.

The Greek government has introduced a Climate Crisis Resilience Fee to charge tourists anywhere from €0.50 to €10 per room, per night.

The amount depends on the hotel category and the time of year.

Visitors to the Croatian city must pay €2.65 per person, per night throughout April to September. 

However, the fee has been temporarily reduced to €1.86 for the rest of this year.

Different amounts are charged depending on the type of accommodation.

The most expensive charge is €14.95 for a stay in palaces, and €0.65 at one or two-star campsites, per person, per night. 

Those staying in a typical four-star hotel are charged around €8.

Those staying in the Hungarian capital are charged an additional 4% each night, which is calculated based on the price of the room.

Tourists in Berlin must pay 5% of the room price, excluding VAT and service fees.

The tourist tax here has increased from €0.82 to €1.97 per day. 

Prices researched by travel insurance site Quotezone.co.uk

By Ollie Cooper , Money team

Estate agent fees are one of the big expenses in selling a house - but rule changes and the rise of private sale websites have made it more common for people to go it alone.

But how easy is it - and what do you need to know? We spoke to industry experts to find out.

Firstly, what do estate agents do for their money?

An estate agent will typically charge in the range of 1%-3.5% of the sale price. 

That means for the average house price (£284,691 from December) you could pay anywhere from £2,846 to £9,964 in commission fees.

"When you use an estate agent, their fee includes taking professional photographs, advertising your home, conducting property viewings, and negotiating a price on your behalf," says Jack Smithson  from the home ownership site  Better.co.uk .

In addition, an estate agent will compile comprehensive details of your house, including room sizes and descriptions of fixtures and fittings. 

"They will also provide a concise write-up about the local area, highlighting amenities, schools, and transportation links," Jack adds. 

And they'll conduct checks on buyers for you (more on this later).

It sounds like a lot, but...

"Selling your home yourself can be a manageable process with a few key steps," Jack says.

Preparation 

You should begin by thoroughly researching house prices in your area, using websites like Rightmove and Zoopla - but seek free valuations from local estate agents to ensure you have a realistic asking price in mind.

Next, you want to take high-quality photos of your house.

Jack advises using tutorials on YouTube to learn new shooting and editing techniques that can take you to the next level.

You then want to write down what makes your home unique.

"While browsing other listings for inspiration, take it a step further by emphasising what you love about living in your home and the surrounding area," Jack suggests.

"Whether it's the refreshing scent of the coastline or the tranquil sounds of village life, incorporating these details can help potential buyers visualise living there," he advises. 

Like using YouTube for photography tips, you can use free tools such as ChatGPT and Grammarly if you need help with your writing, Jack says. 

Advertising

This is probably the biggest perk of going through an established estate agent - your home is much more likely to be viewed because they will have an established audience and a market. But it's very possible to do it alone. 

"When it comes to advertising your home, explore a variety of avenues including local newspapers and social media," Jack says.

"Consider using websites like Strike, which allow individuals to list their properties for free on platforms like Rightmove," he suggests.

Viewings 

Once you've secured some viewings, you've got the opportunity to make it a bit more personal than estate agents ever could - a real advantage. 

"Explain the reasons behind your decision to purchase the property, highlight its unique features, and share the aspects of your neighbourhood that make it a desirable place to live," Jack says. 

The small things matter when showing people round - so try to take an objective look around before you bring anyone in.

Do the things you'd do normally - make sure it smells nice and it's clean and tidy.

"Lastly, it's worth knowing that you must legally provide potential buyers with a free Energy Performance Certificate (EPC)."

The sale itself

Perhaps the most daunting aspect is the physical exchange of contracts and money. 

An estate agent would typically oversee the process of the initial offer acceptance to the transfer of keys to the new owner.

However, if you go it alone, you'll need to become the central point of contact - bridging the gap between your solicitor or conveyancer and the buyer and their legal representative.

"Once you've accepted an offer on your property, your first task is to draft what's called a memorandum of sale," Jack says.  

This document is a written confirmation of your acceptance of the offer and details the agreed price along with any specific conditions you've both agreed to.

"It's then recommended to engage the services of a solicitor or conveyancer to ensure all legal obligations are met," Jack says (of course, you'll need to do this even if you have an estate agent).

The cost of hiring one typically ranges from a few hundred to over £1,000, depending on factors such as fixed fees, hourly rates, the complexity of the sale and additional costs like property searches or land registry fees.

"In the absence of an estate agent, you'll be responsible for keeping your buyer informed about the progress of the sale. This involves regular updates on the status of legal procedures and any relevant developments," Jack says, before adding that this can actually be a good thing.

"By taking on these responsibilities independently, you'll have greater control over the sale process. However, it will require you to be exceptionally organised, and you'll need to be very good at communicating too."  

Any risks to be aware of?

Rita Patel, legal director at law firm  Browne Jacobson , tells us the biggest risk for people selling their properties without an estate agent is the lack of a vetting and verification process of the potential buyer.

Estate agents will verify the buyer's identity and check the buyer's proof and source of funds - without this, there's no way to assess the buyer is legitimate and can afford to buy.

"Whilst this process is something lawyers can help with, this is often at an additional cost, and you'll need to start from square one if there is an issue with a potential buyer's identification and/or financial eligibility," Rita says. 

More generally, selling without an agent can extend the time it takes to sell. 

"Zoopla suggests this timeframe is normally around 17-34 weeks, but with no one on hand to consistently promote and drive the property sale at all stages, going solo drags this process out," Rita says. 

"Agents can also help mediate any potential breakdowns in communication between the buyer and seller - reducing the likelihood of having to go back to market and start again."

The advantages

Laura Owen-Brown, a PR manager from Gloucestershire, tells us she is set to sell her house without an estate agent in the near future.

"My disappointment with estate agents stems from their lack of familiarity with the properties they attempted to sell me when I was buying my current house," she says. 

"They couldn't tell me about the details that truly matter, like the optimal times for sunlight in the garden, how much council tax I'd pay, what the roof was made of, the places I could walk my dog off lead or the impact of post-football match traffic on Sundays.

"These types of details can shape the experience of living in a house for years and are just as important as the square footage, EPC rating or how many bedrooms a property has," she adds. 

She says the current "transactional" approach to selling houses feels "impersonal and outdated" to her. 

"Yes, I'll have to handle more admin, but the savings in both money and time will make it worthwhile. Liaising with buyers and solicitors directly without a third party slowing everything down will mean I can be in control and have transparency throughout the process, especially during negotiations," she says.

All in all...

As Laura says, it's very much a case of whether you can stomach the admin and are happy to take the risks on background financial checks. 

If you are aware of all the above and willing to take on the organisational burden, you could save yourself a serious chunk of cash. 

The main topics from the Money blog that got you commenting this week were...

Government-funded childcare

• Michel Roux Jr's comments about the future of the restaurant industry 

Nearly 600 new skyscrapers for London

From last Sunday, eligible working parents of children from nine-months-old in England have been able to register for access to up to 15 free hours of government-funded childcare per week.

Those hours can be claimed from September. 

Some readers pointed out the T&Cs... 

This 15 hrs a week is for term time ONLY. So full-time working parents will have to either tell their employer they can't work in school holidays or pro-rata it across the year which is 10 hours a week. Yvonne grandma

Others said it spoke to issues in the wider childcare sector...

Is the government going to give pay rises to nursery staff? They are very low paid staff, and can't get enough staff as it is!! Nurseries may have to close if they don't get staff, so parents won't be able to take up the offer!! What is the government going to do about it? Carol

Chefs or delivery drivers?

Celebrity chef Michel Roux Jr has suggested that restaurants may only open three days per week because young people prefer other jobs - like delivering parcels. 

"Just because I worked 80 hours a week or more doesn't mean the next generation should," he said. 

"Quite the contrary. That is something that we have to address in our industry."

Readers said...

That's because one [job] is on the verge of slave labour and one definitely is slave labour. And the latter I'm referring to is working in a kitchen for a chef.  Realist2024

Spent 35 years working as a chef. Young people nowadays are not willing to do the extra hours (usually unpaid) and work every weekend. Godsends like my generation of chefs did and do.  Bucks

There's been considerable backlash in our comments section after a thinktank said a total of 583 skyscrapers are "queuing up in the pipeline" to be built across central London.

That is more than double the 270 built in the past decade...

"600 new skyscrapers on way for London" while the majority are struggling. When will something serious be done about growing wealth inequality in the UK? A growing economy is useless while the gap between the ultra rich and everyone else increases. Qwerty1

How many unnecessary skyscrapers for London? It's fine, as long as they are not made using steel, glass, concrete or bricks - don't people know there's a climate emergency? Shanghaiwan

Who's paying for it? What about the North? treelectrical

The energy price cap is set to fall by about 7% in July, a respected energy markets researcher has said.

Ahead of next Friday's announcement by Ofgem for the July-September period, Cornwall Insights said: "For a typical dual fuel household, we predict the July price cap to be £1,574 per annum" - a drop from £1,690.

Looking further ahead, it forecasted the cap will rise again slightly in October, before falling in January next year. 

"A predicted 7% drop in energy prices in July is clearly good news, with the price cap looking likely to hit its lowest level in over two years," a spokesperson for Uswitch said. 

Around 100 more prosecutions of sub-postmasters unrelated to the Horizon scandal could be "tainted" , a Sky News investigation has found, as officials worked with now discredited Post Office investigators to secure convictions.

The prosecutions of Post Office staff were led by the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) between 2001 and 2006.

It is understood these usually involved the cashing in of stolen order books.

The Post Office itself wrongly prosecuted hundreds of sub-postmasters between 1999 and 2015 - based on evidence from the faulty Horizon accounting system.

Read more from our business correspondent Adele Robinson  by clicking  here ...

The UK's mega rich are dwindling in a sign Britain's "billionaire boom has come to an end" , according to the latest Sunday Times Rich List.

The list reveals the largest fall in billionaires in the guide's history - from a peak of 177 in 2022 to 165 this year.

While the combined wealth of the list's 350 wealthiest individuals amounts to more than £795bn - larger than the GDP of Poland - the guide's compiler says time will tell what impact a drop in billionaires could have.

"This year's Sunday Times Rich List suggests Britain's billionaire boom has come to an end," Robert Watts said.

Read on here ...

The Money blog is your place for consumer news, economic analysis and everything you need to know about the cost of living - bookmark news.sky.com/money.

It runs with live updates every weekday - while on Saturdays we scale back and offer you a selection of weekend reads.

Check them out this morning and we'll be back on Monday with rolling news and features.

The Money team is Emily Mee, Bhvishya Patel, Jess Sharp, Katie Williams, Brad Young and Ollie Cooper, with sub-editing by Isobel Souster. The blog is edited by Jimmy Rice.

The Body Shop’s administrators are to launch an auction of the chain after concluding that an alternative restructuring of one of Britain’s best-known high street retailers was not viable.

Sky News has learnt that FRP Advisory, which has been overseeing the collapsed business since January, is to begin formally sounding out potential buyers in the coming weeks.

The move raises the prospect of new owners taking control of The Body Shop, which was founded nearly half a century ago.

Read more here ...

The UK's mega rich are dwindling - in a sign Britain's "billionaire boom has come to an end", according to the latest Sunday Times Rich List.

Published today, the list reveals the largest fall in billionaires in the guide's history - from a peak of 177 in 2022 to 165 this year.

"Many of our home-grown entrepreneurs have seen their fortunes fall and some of the global super rich who came here are moving away."

Top of the list is British-Indian businessman Gopi Hinduja and his family, whose wealth of £37.2bn is the largest fortune in the ranking's history.

But other familiar names in the list saw their riches fall, with Sir Richard Branson's total dropping by £2.4bn, which is back to his 2000 level.

Last year's top climber Sir Jim Ratcliffe, who bought a stake in Manchester United this year, fell two positions with a decline of £6.1bn.

Euan Blair, Tony Blair's eldest son, made the list for the first time, as did Sir Lewis Hamilton.

It comes as the UK continues to deal with a cost-of-living crisis, with new figures this week revealing a record 3.1 million food bank parcels were distributed over the course of a year.

The top 10:

• Gopi Hinduja - £37.2bn
• Sir Leonard Blavtanik - £29.2bn
• David and Simon Reuben and family - £24.9bn
• Sir Jim Ratcliffe - £23.5bn
• Sir James Dyson and family - £20.8bn
• Barnaby and Merlin Swire and family - £17.2bn
• Idan Ofer - £14.9bn
• Lakshmi Mittal and family - £14.9bn
• Guy, George, Alannah and Galen Weston and family - £14.4bn
• John Fredriksen and family - £12.8bn

A group of social media influencers have been charged in relation to promoting an unauthorised investment scheme.

The Only Way Is Essex (TOWIE) original cast member Lauren Goodger, 37, former Love Island star Biggs Chris, 32, and Celebrity Big Brother winner Scott Timlin, 36, also known as Scotty T, are among seven TV personalities alleged to have been paid to promote the scheme to their combined 4.5 million Instagram followers.

The others charged by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) include former Love Islanders Rebecca Gormley, 26, Jamie Clayton, 32, and Eva Zapico, 25 and TOWIE member Yazmin Oukhellou, 30.

The UK's financial watchdog brought the charges in a crackdown on "finfluencers" who use their online platforms to offer advice and information on various financial topics.

It alleges that between 19 May 2018 and 13 April 2021 Emmanuel Nwanze, 30, and Holly Thompson, 33, used an Instagram account to provide advice on buying and selling investments known as contracts for difference (CFDs) when they were not authorised to do so.

The watchdog said CFDs were high-risk investments used to bet on the price of an asset, in this case the price of foreign currencies.

It previously warned that 80% of customers lost money when investing in CDFs.

Mr Nwanze has been charged with running the scheme. He faces one count of breaching the general prohibition of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, and one count of unauthorised communications of financial promotions.

Ms Thompson, Mr Chris, Mr Clayton, Ms Goodger, Ms Gormley, Ms Oukhellou, Mr Timlin and Ms Zapico each face one count of unauthorised communications of financial promotions.

All nine will appear at Westminster Magistrates Court on 13 June.

The FCA asked anyone who believed they had sustained a loss due to the scheme to contact its consumer contact centre.

A hotel part-owned by Gary Neville and other ex-Manchester United legends has been named one of the best places to work in hospitality. 

Each year, The Caterer releases its top 30 best places for employees in the sector, with the top six featuring some familiar names.

The list is compiled via anonymous employee survey - with no input from managers or owners. 

Hotel Football, the only hotel with a rooftop five-a-side pitch, was among the top six venues selected by employees across the UK. 

The hotel's benefits package was particularly well-praised by those who work there - given that it "prioritises the financial wellbeing of employees during the cost of living challenge".

Management at the hotel, which is situated next to Manchester United's Old Trafford stadium, was also praised for enhanced maternity, paternity, parental and adoption leave policies and a strong belief in diversity and inclusion. 

The other five to make up the top six are The Biltmore in Mayfair, Cycas Hospitality (which has 18 locations across the UK), Dalata (which boasts some 1,000 employees), Gleneagles Hotel in Edinburgh and Nobu Hotel in Shoreditch, London. 

The energy price cap is set to fall by about 7% in July, a leading thinktank has said. 

Cornwall Insights said: "For a typical dual fuel household, we predict the July price cap to be £1,574 per annum" - a drop from £1,690.

Looking further ahead, it forecasted the cap to rise again slightly in October, before falling again in January next year. 

Reacting to the news, Uswitch said the predicted drop was "clearly good news". 

"The future still remains uncertain, and with the price cap changing every three months – currently expected to rise in October before falling slightly in January –  it's crucial not to be complacent," Richard Neudegg, director of regulation, said. 

However, "a predicted 7% drop in energy prices in July is clearly good news, with the price cap looking likely to hit its lowest level in over two years", he said. 

He also urged  households who want to lock in rates for price certainty to run a comparison to see what energy tariffs are available to them.

"There are many 12-month fixed tariffs available at rates cheaper than the current price cap, and even some that are 2% below these new predicted July rates," he said. 

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How the nar settlement is reshaping buyer agent marketing strategies.

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Sam Mehrbod | Ph.D. is a Builder, Investor & CEO at Roomvu Real Estate Social Media | Turning Complex News & Data to Videos.

The National Association of REALTORS® (NAR) settlement, a $418 million deal , is set to change the real estate game in 2024 and 2025 for buyer agents when it comes to self-advertising. This agreement includes broker commissions and litigation; it has made clear that there was never any requirement by NAR for standard commission rates so they are more variable than ever before. With these new business practices—like not allowing compensation offers on the MLS or requiring written buyer agreements before showing homes—there is going to be a huge shift in how advertising works within this industry.

A Strategic Paradigm Shift

These things need strategic change because of what they mean about marketing services offered by those involved in real estate transactions. In the past, a buyer’s agent may have been seen as free of charge for people looking to buy houses, which enabled agents to use connections at schools or places of employment, among others, as an avenue through which they could offer their services without charging directly for them.

Action Steps For To Develop Your Team

1. educate yourself and your team.

Know the Details: Understand everything about the NAR settlement, including updated rules on commission transparency and buyer agreement requirements.

Training: Ensure that you and your colleagues are well versed with what these changes mean; hence, frequently train them so that they can also educate clients better.

Ghost Of Tsushima Is Already Flooded With Negative Reviews On Steam

‘this is a big deal’—congress suddenly hurtling toward a ‘crucial’ crypto vote that could blow up the price of bitcoin, ethereum and xrp, netflix s best new overlooked action movie is a must watch, 2. revise marketing strategies.

Change Messaging: Modify marketing materials as well as online presence to reflect new ways of offering services and getting paid. Highlight transparency while conveying your role in the transaction.

Create Content: Develop educative content like blogs, videos, or social media posts explaining this agreement from a buyer’s perspective, which shows how flexible you are in dealing with different situations.

3. Redefine Service Offerings

Become Consultative: Instead of pushing sales, become more advisory by guiding customers through various market options under these revised laws.

State Unique Selling Point: Clearly state why people should still choose to work with you when commission handling methods have changed.

4. Adopt New Business Practices

Introduce Buyer Agreements: Come up with a standard template for buyers' contracts that meets all requirements but remains simple enough for them to understand what is expected from their side, too.

Negotiate Commissions Directly With Buyers: Be ready to discuss your fee without involving any third party by giving reasons behind every service offered along the way until closing day.

5. Improve Client Communication

Start Conversations Offline/Online: Talk one-on-one with potential or current customers about how they gain from these updates; concentrate mainly on an open pricing structure tied to safeguarding their benefits during transactions.

Create FAQs And Info Sessions: Generate a frequently asked questions list, then answer each question clearly during webinars/seminars held specifically targeting purchasers’ needs concerning recent developments within the property sector across cities worldwide.

6. Utilize Technology Better

CRM Software Use: Employ customer relations management software for efficient monitoring and tracking of all communications under this new law.

Virtual Tools: Make use of virtual tour technologies plus other online tools that can enhance the home-buying process as people demand more digital services.

7. Form Partnerships

Work Closely With Other Professionals: Strengthen links between you & various players within the industry (such as lawyers and mortgage brokers) who may be instrumental in interpreting these regulations while offering seamless customer service.

Network Widely: Join different professional forums where one can meet like-minded individuals, attend conferences or engage oneself actively in local business groups, thereby gaining wider networks useful during such times when changes keep taking place within the sector.

8. Keep An Eye On Industry Trends

Stay Up-to-date: Always be aware if any legislative changes are happening around your area that might affect operations thus responding accordingly.

Client Feedback Mechanism: Regularly seek opinions from clients about their experience working under a new arrangement and modify tactically based on what they say.

The above action plan presents buyer agents as knowledgeable, transparent and indispensable advisors in a dynamic real estate market. Failing to react proactively to these shifts could only lead to compliance with the law, but improving our services should also aim to attract more customers while securing future success for our businesses.

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