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About the Journal

Journal of Research in Music Education is a quarterly, peer-reviewed journal comprising reports of original research related to music teaching and learning. The wide range of topics includes various aspects of music pedagogy, history, and philosophy, and addresses vocal, instrumental, and general music at all levels, from early childhood through adult. Published quarterly; digital edition included with NAfME membership. Print edition available for $50/year.

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NAfME Research Publication/ Presentation Code of Ethics

This version of the Code of Ethics was adopted in May 2006. This material is based on the following sources: Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th ed. (Washington, DC: APA, 2001); and Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (APA, 2000), found at www.apa.org/ethics .

  • Multiple submissions. An author must not submit the same manuscript for simultaneous consideration by two or more journals. If a manuscript is rejected by one journal, an author may then submit it to another journal.
  • Duplicate publication. An author must not submit a manuscript published in whole or in substantial part in another journal or published work. Exceptions may be made for previous publication (a) in a periodical with limited circulation or availability (e.g., a government agency report) or (b) in an abstracted form (e.g., a convention proceedings). Any prior publication should be noted and referenced in the manuscript, and the author must inform the editor of the existence of any similar manuscripts that have already been published or submitted for publication or that may be submitted for concurrent consideration to the journal or elsewhere.
  • Piecemeal publication. Investigators who engage in systematic programs of research report their results from time to time as significant portions of their programs are completed. This is both legitimate and inevitable in research programs that are on very large scales or of several years’ duration. In contrast to this kind of publication, articles are received in which a single investigation has been broken up into separate manuscripts submitted seriatim. Authors are obligated to present work parsimoniously and as completely as possible. Data that can be meaningfully combined within a single publication should be presented together. Authors who wish to divide reports of studies into more than one article should inform the editor.
  • Authorship. Authorship is reserved to those who make major contributions to the research. Credit is assigned to those who have contributed to a publication in proportion to their professional contributions. Major contributions of a professional character made by several individuals to a common project are recognized by joint authorship, with the individual who made the principal contribution listed first. Minor contributions of a professional character and extensive clerical or similar assistance may be acknowledged in endnotes or in an introductory statement. Acknowledgment through specific citations is made for unpublished as well as published material that has directly influenced the research or writing. Individuals who compile and edit material of others for publication publish the material in the name of the originating group, if appropriate, with their own names appearing as chairperson or editor. All contributors are to be acknowledged and named.
  • Copyright. Once an article is accepted, an author transfers literary rights on the published article to the publishing organization (in this case, NAfME) so that the author and the association are protected from misuse of copyright material. An article will not be published until the author’s signed copyright transfer has been received by the national office of the publishing organization. Contributors are responsible for obtaining copyright clearance on illustrations, figures, or lengthy quotes that have been published elsewhere.
  • Conference presentation.  Papers submitted for presentation via any format (e.g., posters, paper-reading sessions) should not have been presented at another major conference. If the data have been presented in whole or substantive part in any forum, in print, or at previous research sessions, a statement specifying particulars of the above must be included with the submission.
  • Ethical conduct and institutional review compliance. Authors are expected to comply with APA ethical standards ( www.apa.org/ethics/code2002.html ) and institutional and federal regulations on the treatment of human subjects.

Note:  Any violation of the Code of Ethics will result in immediate rejection of the manuscript/paper, without further consideration.

EDITORIAL article

Editorial: towards a meaningful instrumental music education. methods, perspectives, and challenges.

\nAndrea Schiavio

  • 1 Centre for Systematic Musicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
  • 2 IPEM, Department of Art, Music and Theatre Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
  • 3 Melbourne Conservatorium of Music, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  • 4 Faculty of Music Education, Folk music and Jazz, Sibelius Academy, University of the Arts Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Editorial on the Research Topic Towards a Meaningful Instrumental Music Education. Methods, Perspectives, and Challenges

Learning music is a complex, fascinating process that spans an impressive variety of meanings and experiences. The contributions that feature in this Research Topic bring together insights from a range of complementary perspectives to examine in detail how these layers of significance are part of, and shape, instrumental music education. To better capture the richness of such work, the present collection of articles is conceived around the following five themes: (i) body and action, (ii) technology, (iii) lived experience and meaning-making, (iv) pedagogical implications, and (v) beyond the musical instrument. It should be noted that many overlaps can be observed between the five topics, as insights developed in one specific area, as it often occurs in both the sciences and the humanities, may find a home (and be further developed) in other scholarly areas. For example, the analysis of lived experience has important implications for technology-enhanced learning and the modes of engagements one can develop with its tools and concepts; similarly, the study of action, movements, and gestures may stimulate novel pedagogical insights to transform existing learning paradigms and cultivate corporeal practices situated beyond music-only territories. Accordingly, while in what follows we examine each theme separately, we also highlight continuities and similarities emerging across manuscripts and topics.

Body and Action

The main characteristics of what a meaningful instrumental music education involves can hardly be captured by rigid prescriptions or sets of rules determined a-priori. Instead, many scholars argue that aspects pertaining to body and action, which emerge and develop in the concrete, moment-to-moment dynamics of a music lesson, play a more fundamental role in driving meaningful teaching and learning (see e.g., Bowman, 2004 ). Accordingly, a close focus on their experiential and behavioral features can inspire important insights concerning how meaning is generated and transformed during musical practice. Three conceptual analysis articles published move from such a perspective, as they place a renewed emphasis on how teachers can meaningfully communicate with their students through gestures, touch, and other forms of engagement ( Bremmer and Nijs ; Simones ), and how a phenomenological analysis of different bodily processes can illuminate on how musical skills are acquired contextually ( Kim ). In these contributions, theoretical backgrounds inspired by dynamical system theory and embodied cognitive science are used to frame research in various ways, disclosing potential real-life applications that inform theory and practice. For instance, researchers could develop a range of self-reflection tools that help describe in more detail the moment-to-moment dynamics of bodily activity, in turn supporting flexible ways of learning that take advantage of various resources a bodily approach can offer. This includes novel possibilities to engage with technological tools in meaningful ways, as we shall see next.

As we are living in a highly technological age, digital technology imbues almost all aspects of life. This, accordingly, has also profound repercussions in the domain of music education. While digital technology is often seen as a force of change (see Savage, 2009 ), its acceptance and adoption are not self-evident. As Tuuri and Koskela state, a reason for this might involve considering technology as something unnatural, distant from how we live and develop experience contextually. However, moving from the idea that technology has been, and still is, an integral part of human evolution and flourishing, the authors propose to view technology as a co-constitutive aspect of making and understanding music. This insight is framed within a general perspective based on a post-phenomenological view on the human–technology relationship and on 4E cognition , a school of thought in the cognitive science that conceives of mental life as an Embodied, Embedded, Extended, and Enactive phenomenon, and that places emphasis on how living systems and their environment meaningfully co-evolve (see Newen et al., 2018 ). It is argued that such a cross-disciplinary liaison may encourage pedagogical practices that are based on “possibilities, imagination, and relationality,” rather than on conformity to conventional ways of thinking. This requires an instructional design methodology that guides the integration of technology in music teaching and learning. According to Macrides and Angeli such a methodology is missing. To address this issue, their contribution aims to enrich the existing framework of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPCK) by connecting affect and cognition to the affordances offered by technology within an educational design process. A final contribution that primarily focuses on technology is that of Addessi . Summarizing the state-of-the-art of the research project she coordinated (the MIROR project), the author describes the main applications of the MIROR platform (an educational device consisting of a set of software). The latter is described as a tool to stimulate and develop musical and motor creativity in children, particularly in areas such as dance or music composition. Taken together, these contributions emphasize the key role of a meaningful interaction with technology in pedagogical contexts, highlighting the importance of lived experience across different music-making activities.

Lived Experience and Meaning-Making

Meaningfulness in music education, as in education in general, is largely related to how people make sense of their active participation and experiences, and how they find learning meaningful for themselves and for others. Silverman links meaningfulness to a 4E-inspired account of “sense-making” in/for instrumental music education. According to her, meaningfulness comes about as we engage with activities, objects, and persons in ways that “connect us both to ourselves and our worlds in significant ways.” Three contributions under this theme report on empirical studies. Schiavio et al. examined music teachers' experiences and perceptions of ensemble skills and learning skills when working with collaborative forms of music making. The ability to “listen and respond to others” emerged as the most important ensemble skill, whereas “time management,” “comparing yourself to the class,” and the “development of responsible ways of learning” were considered the main learning skills. The other two contributions report results from interpretative phenomenological analysis of performing musicians' lived experiences of Dalcroze practice—an approach to music education that facilitates musical exploration and enhances understandings of music-movement relationships through integration of group movement activities, ear-training, and creative engagement. The participating flute players found the approach useful in preparing repertoire for performance ( Ridout and Habron ). The instrumental ensemble performers had experienced a chain of influences including heightened awareness of music, time, space and energy as well as between the ensemble members, improvement of musicianship, decreased self-consciousness, and finally enjoyment that all enhanced learning ( Wentink and Van der Merwe ).

Pedagogical Implications

The contributions of this collection, as we saw, can offer important insights into a variety of pedagogical settings ranging from the use of technological resources in class to the phenomenological analysis of lived experience in those who teach and learn music. An additional aspect this work can contribute to involves concrete implications for theory and practice across manifold educational contexts. For instance, while the article by Filippa et al. focuses on how infants and children imitate musical gestures, opening up fascinating pedagogical possibilities from early musical interventions, the article by Ford asks us to critically reflect upon the theme of interculturality in the music curriculum. This latter topic is closely related to that of collaborative learning, as explored by Johansen and Nielsen through the report of a workshop conducted by the two authors, where the experiences of students involved in peer-learning were assessed. Real-life examples of music pedagogy are also at the core of the empirically grounded contributions by Philippe et al. , and Meissner and Timmers . The former article addresses the self-regulation processes involved in the preparation of a music exam; the latter, examines the role of dialogue teaching in learning to perform expressively. Both articles highlight a need to consider in more detail the experiential dynamics framing meaningful instrumental education. An important aspect of this enterprise, captured by the systematic review by Després and Dubé , involves listening more carefully to what students have to say in both in-school and out-of-school contexts, thereby providing a more nuanced perspective of their meaning-making possibilities in musical and non-musical contexts.

Beyond the Musical Instrument

Another theme that emerges in this Research Topic concerns the uses of instrumental practice for facilitating learning and development in other domains, and for well-being more generally. Gutierrez discusses a novel approach for learning music theory that adapts the Conduction techniques introduced by jazz improviser Butch Morris. This approach involves a flexible lexicon of signs and gestures that are realized by the ensemble in real time. As Gutierrez explains, “In a theory-learning context, students bring their instruments to class, form an ensemble, and take turns using signs and gestures to conduct their peers, guided through processes aligned with learning objectives (e.g., harmonic minor scales, Neapolitan chords, or polytonality), as well as to more freely experiment with musical structure in situ , with minimal or no reliance upon notation.” This approach provides a welcome shift away from the abstract orientation that characterizes much music theory education, opening a more holistic, embodied, and interactive perspective. Gutierrez discusses how Conduction can be understood as a “4E music theory pedagogy” and draws inspiration from current work in embodied mathematics education. The effects of body-based forms of learning on mathematical skills are also discussed by Ribeiro and Santos . Their article reports on a longitudinal study that examines the impact of musical training on numerical cognition. In particular, they found that musical activities that involve melodic and rhythmic engagement correlate with improvements in the mathematical skills of participants who suffer from developmental dyscalculia. Discussing this finding from a 4E perspective, the authors suggest that musical training may afford a wider range of cognitive domains for learning and therefore offers “a useful tool for compensatory remediation” of learning disabilities. Along similar lines, MacRitchie et al. discuss a mixed-methods study that examines the impact music instrument training programs have for improving well-being in older adults. Specific attention is given to cognitive, motor, and social factors. This research provided mixed results, showing the motivational importance of contextual factors associated with the choice of repertoire and the level of cohesiveness that develops within a given group of participants. As the authors note, “the class itself may impact the cognitive gains that individual participants in that class experience.” Accordingly, the authors suggest that more research is needed to better understand the elements that encourage and impede positive class environments.

To conclude, we believe that all the contributions in this Research Topic address essential elements of instrumental music education; and that the findings, insights, and perspectives discussed in each paper could inspire new research and theory in this fast-evolving domain. We hope this collection will thus become a reference for continuing research in instrumental music education.

Author Contributions

All authors listed have made a substantial, direct and intellectual contribution to the work, and approved it for publication.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to all authors, reviewers, and external editors who took part in this Research Topic. AS was supported by a Lise Meitner Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): project number M2148.

Bowman, W. (2004). “Cognition and the body: perspectives from music education,” in Knowing Bodies, Moving Minds: Toward Embodied Teaching and Learning , ed L. Bresler (Dordrecht: Springer),29–50.

Google Scholar

Newen, A., De Bruin, L., and Gallagher, S. (2018). The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition . New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Savage, J. (2009). “Pedagogical strategies for change,” in Music Education With Digital Technology , eds J. Finney and P. Burnard (London; New York, NY: Continuum), 142–155.

Keywords: music teaching, instrumental music education, learning, meaning, music

Citation: Schiavio A, Nijs L, van der Schyff D and Juntunen M-L (2020) Editorial: Towards a Meaningful Instrumental Music Education. Methods, Perspectives, and Challenges. Front. Psychol. 11:625994. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.625994

Received: 04 November 2020; Accepted: 06 November 2020; Published: 01 December 2020.

Edited and reviewed by: Graham Frederick Welch , University College London, United Kingdom

Copyright © 2020 Schiavio, Nijs, van der Schyff and Juntunen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

*Correspondence: Andrea Schiavio, andrea.schiavio@uni-graz.at

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

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Journal of Research in Music Education

Journal of Research in Music Education

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  • Description
  • Aims and Scope
  • Editorial Board
  • Abstracting / Indexing
  • Submission Guidelines

Journal of Research in Music Education comprises reports of peer-reviewed original research related to music teaching and learning. The wide range of topics includes various aspects of music pedagogy, history, and philosophy, and addresses vocal, instrumental, and general music at all levels, from early childhood through adult. Authors may submit research reports that incorporate quantitative, qualitative, action, historical, or philosophical research methods such as those represented by the titles of these previously published articles:

  • A National Analysis of Music Coursetaking, Social-Emotional Learning, and Academic Achievement Using Propensity Scores
  • School Music and the Transition to College
  • “I’ve Sat in Your Seat Before”: A Study of the Experiences of Three Black Women Music Educators
  • A Grounded Theory of Culturally Responsible Music Teaching
  • Effects of Score Study and Conducting Gesture on Collegiate Musicians’ Ability to Detect Errors in a Choral Score
  • Children’s Representations of Music, Musical Identities, and Musical Engagement: Content and Socio-Demographic Influences
  • Joseph E. Maddy’s Instrumental Music Lessons via Radio
  • Dewey’s Musical Allergy and the Philosophy of Music Education
  • Naming Moral-Political Discourses in Music Education: A Philosophical Investigation

Journal of Research in Music Education is a publication of The National Association for Music Education ( www.nafme.org )

Other NAfME journals can be found at

Journal of General Music Education ( https://journals.sagepub.com/home/gmt ) Journal of Music Teacher Education ( https://journals.sagepub.com/home/jmt ) Music Educators Journal ( https://journals.sagepub.com/home/mej ) Update: Applications of Research in Music Education( https://journals.sagepub.com/home/upd )

Journal of Research in Music Education comprises reports of peer-reviewed original research related to music teaching and learning. The wide range of topics includes various aspects of music pedagogy, history, and philosophy, and addresses vocal, instrumental, and general music at all levels, from early childhood through adult. Authors may submit research reports that incorporate quantitative, qualitative, action, historical, or philosophical research methods.

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The mission of the Journal of Research in Music Education ( JRME ) is to encourage, publish, and disseminate research of the highest caliber for the advancement of music teaching and learning. This peer-reviewed journal considers quantitative, qualitative, action, historical, and philosophical research relevant to national and international settings. An essential objective of the JRME is to communicate research findings that support the National Association for Music Education’s strategic plan of encouraging the study and making of music by all.

Unless specifically noted, articles in JRME are not intended to represent the official policy of the National Association for Music Education.

All manuscripts must be submitted online at http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/jrme .

Abstract and Keywords

  • An abstract of 150-200 words should be included.
  • Provide up to five keywords/phrases that describe the contents of the manuscript to help readers find your article via online searches. Suggestions for selecting keywords can be found at http://www.uk.sagepub.com/journalgateway/findArticle.htm . Keywords will be entered as part of the submission process, and also should be included at the bottom of the abstract.
  • The manuscript should represent the highest standards of research design and scholarly writing.
  • Implications for music teaching and learning should be provided in all manuscripts.
  • Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th edition, 2019),
  • The Chicago Manual of Style (15th edition, 2003), or
  • A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations ( K. L. Turabian, 7th edition, revised by Wayne C. Booth, Gregory Colomb, Joseph M. Williams, and the University of Chicago Press Editorial Staff, 2007).
  • Authors may not mix styles within a single manuscript.
  • Authors should write in clear, readable English, limit the use of passive voice, and avoid excess words.
  • To ensure anonymity in the reviewing process, the manuscript and the abstract should contain no clues to the author’s identity or institutional affiliation. Manuscripts not adhering to these guidelines will be returned.
  • Note that the JRME does not publish literature reviews, essays, or book reviews.

Manuscript Length

  • Manuscripts are typically 20-25 pages in length.
  • Articles longer than 25 pages for which extensive narrative is essential will be considered at the discretion of the editor/editorial committee.
  • Authors may submit short-form articles (4-10 pages) for research involving new reports related to an ongoing line of research and for replications. Short-form articles must be identified as such in the cover letter.

Tables and Figures

  • Authors may include a combined total of three tables and/or figures. These must be publishable in black and white.
  • Tables and/or figures beyond three may be submitted for use as online-only supplemental material and should be clearly labeled accordingly.
  • Online supplemental material may include any digital files including documents images, media, recordings, video, and/or illustrations (see Permissions information in the section that follows). These materials will be posted as provided, and will not be typeset or otherwise reformatted.
  • Music examples, figures, photographs, and other illustrations must be checked for accuracy before submission.
  • Tables and figures should be included at the end of the manuscript; they should not be embedded in the body of the text. 
  • Permissions
  • If any copyrighted materials are used (music notation, illustrations, figures, and so forth), documentation verifying that the author has permission to use the material must be included. Please complete a Request for Permission to Reprint Material form.
  • Authors are responsible for obtaining written permission to publish any author-submitted photographs, videos, or audio examples. For minors, written permission of a parent or guardian is required before such images are published. Please complete an Audio/Visual Likeness Release form.
  • All references must include DOI or persistent URL information if available.
  • References must be formatted according to the style guide used in the preparation of the manuscript.  

Ethical Considerations

  • The Editor encourages authors to submit their manuscripts directly to the journal instead of engaging the services of unauthorized third parties. Authors should submit their own manuscripts directly to us (at  https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/jrme ). Think. Check. Submit.  provides guidance on submitting your research to journals and avoiding the pitfalls of engaging third parties in this process. Any suspected or confirmed involvement of an unauthorized party in the submission or peer review of your manscript will result in immediate rejection of your submission.
  • Authors are expected to comply with APA ethical standards ( http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx ) and institutional and federal regulations on the treatment of human subjects. Compliance with the institutional review process should be stated clearly in the manuscript, typically in the Methods section, by mention of study approval and/or the use of the informed consent process.
  • Authors are expected to comply with the NAfME Society for Research in Music Education “Research Publication and Presentation Code of Ethics” ( http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/62972_Code_of_Ethics_SRME.pdf ) and the APA guidelines for Ethical and Legal Standards in Publishing ( Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th edition, 2019).
  • Submitting a manuscript indicates that it has not been published previously and is not currently submitted for publication elsewhere, either in its entirety or in part. Distribution on the Internet may be considered prior publication and may compromise the originality of the paper as a submission to the JRME. Authors must describe in what form and how a manuscript has been previously disseminated. Submission of an article based on a doctoral dissertation is permissible, and there will be a question during the submission process for the author to provide dissertation information. Posting of research papers on not-for-profit preprint servers such as SocArXiv and psyRxiv is allowable in cases where required or encouraged by granting agencies. Please contact the editor with questions regarding prior dissemination
  • Piecemeal publication, or publishing data from one study in multiple articles, is generally not acceptable. A study conceived as one study should be published as one study (e.g., it would not be appropriate to divide a mixed methods study into qualitative and quantitative articles; a study designed to investigate multiple research questions should not be divided into separate articles addressing different research questions, and so forth). A possible exception may be an historical study divided by topic or time period. Public datasets may be used in differing ways for multiple manuscripts, and articles comprising a multi-article type of doctoral dissertation may be published separately.
  • When in doubt about any aspect of the ethics of manuscript submission, the author should contact the Editor, who will make the final decision in consultation with editorial committee members. In all cases, authors should disclose any circumstances about which there may be questions.

Please address e-mail correspondence concerning editorial matters to Dr. Peter Miksza, Editor, Indiana University, [email protected] .

As part of our commitment to ensuring an ethical, transparent and fair peer review process Sage is a supporting member of ORCID, the Open Researcher and Contributor ID . ORCID provides a unique and persistent digital identifier that distinguishes researchers from every other researcher, even those who share the same name, and, through integration in key research workflows such as manuscript and grant submission, supports automated linkages between researchers and their professional activities, ensuring that their work is recognized.

The collection of ORCID iDs from corresponding authors is now part of the submission process of this journal. If you already have an ORCID iD you will be asked to associate that to your submission during the online submission process. If you or any co-authors do not have an ORCID iD associated with your account in the submission system, but wish to do so, please ensure this is validated in the peer review system before acceptance. It takes seconds to do: log in at  https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/jrme , click your name at the top of the screen and then "email/name" to edit your account. Click the relevant ORCID link, sign into your ORCID account, and our systems will be automatically updated. Your ORCID iD will become part of your accepted publication’s metadata, making your work attributable to you and only you. Any future papers associated with this account in the submission system will automatically link your ORCID iD. And, your ORCID iD will be published with your article so that fellow researchers reading your work can link to your ORCID profile and from there link to your other publications.

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For more information, please refer to the Sage Manuscript Submission Guidelines .

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  • A Research Guide
  • Research Paper Topics

120 Music Research Paper Topics

How to choose a topic for music research paper:.

service-1

Music Theory Research Paper Topics:

  • The influence of harmonic progression on emotional response in music
  • Analyzing the use of chromaticism in the compositions of Johann Sebastian Bach
  • The role of rhythm and meter in creating musical tension and release
  • Examining the development of tonality in Western classical music
  • Exploring the impact of cultural and historical context on musical form and structure
  • Investigating the use of polyphony in Renaissance choral music
  • Analyzing the compositional techniques of minimalist music
  • The relationship between melody and harmony in popular music
  • Examining the influence of jazz improvisation on contemporary music
  • The role of counterpoint in the compositions of Ludwig van Beethoven
  • Investigating the use of microtonality in experimental music
  • Analyzing the impact of technology on music composition and production
  • The influence of musical modes on the development of different musical genres
  • Exploring the use of musical symbolism in film scoring
  • Investigating the role of music theory in the analysis and interpretation of non-Western music

Music Industry Research Paper Topics:

  • The impact of streaming services on music consumption patterns
  • The role of social media in promoting and marketing music
  • The effects of piracy on the music industry
  • The influence of technology on music production and distribution
  • The relationship between music and mental health
  • The evolution of music genres and their impact on the industry
  • The economics of live music events and festivals
  • The role of record labels in shaping the music industry
  • The impact of globalization on the music industry
  • The representation and portrayal of gender in the music industry
  • The effects of music streaming platforms on artist revenue
  • The role of music education in fostering talent and creativity
  • The influence of music videos on audience perception and engagement
  • The impact of music streaming on physical album sales
  • The role of music in advertising and brand marketing

Music Therapy Research Paper Topics:

  • The effectiveness of music therapy in reducing anxiety in cancer patients
  • The impact of music therapy on improving cognitive function in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease
  • Exploring the use of music therapy in managing chronic pain
  • The role of music therapy in promoting emotional well-being in children with autism spectrum disorder
  • Music therapy as a complementary treatment for depression: A systematic review
  • The effects of music therapy on stress reduction in pregnant women
  • Examining the benefits of music therapy in improving communication skills in individuals with developmental disabilities
  • The use of music therapy in enhancing motor skills rehabilitation after stroke
  • Music therapy interventions for improving sleep quality in patients with insomnia
  • Exploring the impact of music therapy on reducing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
  • The role of music therapy in improving social interaction and engagement in individuals with schizophrenia
  • Music therapy as a non-pharmacological intervention for managing symptoms of dementia
  • The effects of music therapy on pain perception and opioid use in hospitalized patients
  • Exploring the use of music therapy in promoting relaxation and reducing anxiety during surgical procedures
  • The impact of music therapy on improving quality of life in individuals with Parkinson’s disease

Music Psychology Research Paper Topics:

  • The effects of music on mood and emotions
  • The role of music in enhancing cognitive abilities
  • The impact of music therapy on mental health disorders
  • The relationship between music and memory recall
  • The influence of music on stress reduction and relaxation
  • The psychological effects of different genres of music
  • The role of music in promoting social bonding and cohesion
  • The effects of music on creativity and problem-solving abilities
  • The psychological benefits of playing a musical instrument
  • The impact of music on motivation and productivity
  • The psychological effects of music on physical exercise performance
  • The role of music in enhancing learning and academic performance
  • The influence of music on sleep quality and patterns
  • The psychological effects of music on individuals with autism spectrum disorder
  • The relationship between music and personality traits

Music Education Research Paper Topics:

  • The impact of music education on cognitive development in children
  • The effectiveness of incorporating technology in music education
  • The role of music education in promoting social and emotional development
  • The benefits of music education for students with special needs
  • The influence of music education on academic achievement
  • The importance of music education in fostering creativity and innovation
  • The relationship between music education and language development
  • The impact of music education on self-esteem and self-confidence
  • The role of music education in promoting cultural diversity and inclusivity
  • The effects of music education on students’ overall well-being and mental health
  • The significance of music education in developing critical thinking skills
  • The role of music education in enhancing students’ teamwork and collaboration abilities
  • The impact of music education on students’ motivation and engagement in school
  • The effectiveness of different teaching methods in music education
  • The relationship between music education and career opportunities in the music industry

Music History Research Paper Topics:

  • The influence of African music on the development of jazz in the United States
  • The role of women composers in classical music during the 18th century
  • The impact of the Beatles on the evolution of popular music in the 1960s
  • The cultural significance of hip-hop music in urban communities
  • The development of opera in Italy during the Renaissance
  • The influence of folk music on the protest movements of the 1960s
  • The role of music in religious rituals and ceremonies throughout history
  • The evolution of electronic music and its impact on contemporary music production
  • The contribution of Latin American musicians to the development of salsa music
  • The influence of classical music on film scores in the 20th century
  • The role of music in the Civil Rights Movement in the United States
  • The development of reggae music in Jamaica and its global impact
  • The influence of Mozart’s compositions on the classical music era
  • The role of music in the French Revolution and its impact on society
  • The evolution of punk rock music and its influence on alternative music genres

Music Sociology Research Paper Topics:

  • The impact of music streaming platforms on the music industry
  • The role of music in shaping cultural identity
  • Gender representation in popular music: A sociological analysis
  • The influence of social media on music consumption patterns
  • Music festivals as spaces for social interaction and community building
  • The relationship between music and political activism
  • The effects of globalization on local music scenes
  • The role of music in constructing and challenging social norms
  • The impact of technology on music production and distribution
  • Music and social movements: A comparative study
  • The role of music in promoting social change and social justice
  • The influence of socioeconomic factors on music taste and preferences
  • The role of music in constructing and reinforcing gender stereotypes
  • The impact of music education on social and cognitive development
  • The relationship between music and mental health: A sociological perspective

Classical Music Research Paper Topics:

  • The influence of Ludwig van Beethoven on the development of classical music
  • The role of women composers in classical music history
  • The impact of Johann Sebastian Bach’s compositions on future generations
  • The evolution of opera in the classical period
  • The significance of Mozart’s symphonies in the classical era
  • The influence of nationalism on classical music during the Romantic period
  • The portrayal of emotions in classical music compositions
  • The use of musical forms and structures in the works of Franz Joseph Haydn
  • The impact of the Industrial Revolution on the production and dissemination of classical music
  • The relationship between classical music and dance in the Baroque era
  • The role of patronage in the development of classical music
  • The influence of folk music on classical composers
  • The representation of nature in classical music compositions
  • The impact of technological advancements on classical music performance and recording
  • The exploration of polyphony in the works of Johann Sebastian Bach

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The Top 10 Most Interesting Music Research Topics

Music is a vast and ever-growing field. Because of this, it can be challenging to find excellent music research topics for your essay or thesis. Although there are many examples of music research topics online, not all are appropriate.

This article covers all you need to know about choosing suitable music research paper topics. It also provides a clear distinction between music research questions and topics to help you get started.

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What makes a strong music research topic.

A strong music research topic must be short, straightforward, and easy to grasp. The primary aim of music research is to apply various research methods to provide valuable insights into a particular subject area. Therefore, your topic must also address issues that are relevant to present-day readers.

Also, for your research topic to be compelling, it should not be overly generic. Try to avoid topics that seem to be too broad. A strong research topic is always narrow enough to draw out a comprehensive and relevant research question.

Tips for Choosing a Music Research Topic

  • Check with your supervisor. In some cases, your school or supervisor may have specific requirements for your research. For example, some music programs may favor a comparative instead of a descriptive or correlational study. Knowing what your institution demands is essential in choosing an appropriate research topic.
  • Explore scientific papers. Journal articles are a great way to find the critical areas of interest in your field of study. You can choose from a wide range of journals such as The Journal of Musicology and The Journal of the Royal Musical Association . These resources can help determine the direction of your research.
  • Determine your areas of interest. Choosing a topic you have a personal interest in will help you stay motivated. Researching music-related subjects is a painstakingly thorough process. A lack of motivation would make it difficult to follow through with your research and achieve optimal results.
  • Confirm availability of data sources. Not all music topics are researchable. Before selecting a topic, you must be sure that there are enough primary and secondary data sources for your research. You also need to be sure that you can carry out your research with tested and proven research methods.
  • Ask your colleagues: Asking questions is one of the many research skills you need to cultivate. A short discussion or brainstorming session with your colleagues or other music professionals could help you identify a suitable topic for your research paper.

What’s the Difference Between a Research Topic and a Research Question?

A research topic is a particular subject area in a much wider field that a researcher chooses to place his emphasis on. Most subjects are extensive. So, before conducting research, a researcher must first determine a suitable area of interest that will act as the foundation for their investigation.

Research questions are drawn from research topics. However, research questions are usually more streamlined. While research topics can take a more generic viewpoint, research questions further narrow the focus down to specific case studies or seek to draw a correlation between two or more datasets.

How to Create Strong Music Research Questions

Strong music research questions must be relevant and specific. Music is a broad field with many genres and possible research areas. However, your research question must focus on a single subject matter and provide valuable insights. Also, your research question should be based on parameters that can be quantified and studied using available research methods.

Top 10 Music Research Paper Topics

1. understanding changes in music consumption patterns.

Although several known factors affect how people consume music, there is still a significant knowledge gap regarding how these factors influence listening choices. Your music research paper could outline some of these factors that affect music consumer behavior and highlight their mechanism of action.

2. Hip-hop Culture and Its Effect on Teenage Behavior

In 2020, hip-hop and RnB had the highest streaming numbers , according to Statista. Without a doubt, hip-hop music has had a significant influence on the behavior of young adults. There is still the need to conduct extensive research on this subject to determine if there is a correlation between hip-hop music and specific behavioral patterns, especially among teenagers.

3. The Application of Music as a Therapeutic Tool

For a long time, music has been used to manage stress and mental health disorders like anxiety, PTSD, and others. However, the role of music in clinical treatment still remains a controversial topic. Further research is required to separate fact from fiction and provide insight into the potential of music therapy.

4. Contemporary Rock Music and Its Association With Harmful Social Practices

Rock music has had a great influence on American culture since the 1950s. Since its rise to prominence, it has famously been associated with vices such as illicit sex and abuse of recreational drugs. An excellent research idea could be to evaluate if there is a robust causal relationship between contemporary rock music and adverse social behaviors.

5. The Impact of Streaming Apps on Global Music Consumption

Technology has dramatically affected the music industry by modifying individual music consumption habits. Presently, over 487 million people subscribe to a digital streaming service, according to Statista. Your research paper could examine how much of an influence popular music streaming platforms like Spotify and Apple Music have had on how we listen to music.

6. Effective American Music Education Practices

Teaching practices have always had a considerable impact on students’ academic success. However, not all strategies have an equal effect in enhancing learning experiences for students. You can conduct comparative research on two or more American music education practices and evaluate their impact on learning outcomes.

7. The Evolution of Music Production in the Technology-driven Era

One of the aspects of music that is experiencing a massive change is sound production. More than ever before, skilled, tech-savvy music producers are in high demand. At the moment, music producers earn about $70,326 annually, according to ZipRecruiter. So, your research could focus on the changes in music production techniques since the turn of the 21st century.

8. Jazz Music and Its Influence on Western Music Genres

The rich history of jazz music has established it as one of the most influential genres of music since the 19th century. Over the years, several famous composers and leading voices across many other western music genres have been shaped by jazz music’s sound and culture. You could carry out research on the influence of this genre of music on modern types of music.

9. The Effect of Wars on Music

Wars have always brought about radical changes in several aspects of culture, including music styles. Throughout history, we have witnessed wars result in the death of famous musicians. If you are interested in learning about music history in relation to global events, a study on the impact of wars on music will make an excellent music research paper.

10. African Tribal Percussion

African music is well recognized for its unique application of percussion. Historically, several tribes and cultures had their own percussion instruments and original methods of expression. Unfortunately, this musical style has mainly gone undocumented. An in-depth study into ancient African tribal percussion would make a strong music research paper.

Other Examples of Music Research Topics & Questions

Music research topics.

  • Popular musical styles of the 20th century
  • The role of musical pieces in political movements
  • Biographies of influential musicians during the baroque period
  • The influence of classical music on modern-day culture
  • The relationship between music and fashion

Music Research Questions

  • What is the relationship between country music and conservationist ideologies among middle-aged American voters?
  • What is the effect of listening to Chinese folk music on the critical thinking skills of high school students?
  • How have electronic music production technologies influenced the sound quality of contemporary music?
  • What is the correlation between punk music and substance abuse among Black-American males?
  • How does background music affect learning and information retention in children?

Choosing the Right Music Research Topic

Your research topic is the foundation on which every other aspect of your study is built. So, you must select a music research topic that gives you room to adequately explore intriguing hypotheses and, if possible, proffer practically applicable solutions.

Also, if you seek to obtain a Bachelor’s Degree in Music , you must be prepared to conduct research during your study. Choosing the right music research topic is the first step in guaranteeing good grades and delivering relevant, high-quality contributions in this constantly expanding field.

Music Research Topics FAQ

A good music research topic should be between 10 to 12 words long. Long, wordy music essay topics are usually confusing. They can make it difficult for readers to understand the goal of your research. Avoid using lengthy phrases or vague terms that could confuse the reader.

Journal articles are the best place to find helpful resources for your music research. You can explore reputable, high-impact journal articles to see if any research has been done related to your chosen topic. Journal articles also help to provide data for comparison while carrying out your research.

Primary sources carry out their own research and cite their own data. In contrast, secondary sources report data obtained from a primary source. Although primary sources are regarded as more credible, you can include a good mixture of primary and secondary sources in your research.

The most common research methods for music research are qualitative, quantitative, descriptive, and analytical. Your research strategy is arguably the most crucial part of your study. You must learn different research methods to determine which one would be the perfect fit for your particular research question.

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Key research in music technology and music teaching and learning

  • Music Studies

Research output : Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Research on the use of technology in music teaching and learning continues to grow in both quality and quantity. This article summarizes some of the important work since 2000, placing an emphasis on studies completed in the last few years. Both conceptual and philosophical publications are included as well as qualitative and quantitative work on technology in service to composition, listening and performance. One major conclusion is that we need more substantial studies on teaching strategies that use technology, issues of gender and technology, equity in accessibility to the best resources and the real effect of technology's use on long-term learning in music for professional musicians and the educated public as a whole.

  • Constructing
  • Music technology

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Computer Science Applications

Access to Document

  • 10.1386/jmte.4.2-3.115_1

Other files and links

  • Link to publication in Scopus
  • Link to the citations in Scopus

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  • Music technology Arts and Humanities 100%
  • Music learning Arts and Humanities 100%
  • Music teaching Arts and Humanities 100%
  • Technology Arts and Humanities 100%
  • Research Social Sciences 100%
  • Music Social Sciences 100%
  • Learning Social Sciences 100%
  • learning INIS 100%

T1 - Key research in music technology and music teaching and learning

AU - Webster, Peter R.

PY - 2012/2/15

Y1 - 2012/2/15

N2 - Research on the use of technology in music teaching and learning continues to grow in both quality and quantity. This article summarizes some of the important work since 2000, placing an emphasis on studies completed in the last few years. Both conceptual and philosophical publications are included as well as qualitative and quantitative work on technology in service to composition, listening and performance. One major conclusion is that we need more substantial studies on teaching strategies that use technology, issues of gender and technology, equity in accessibility to the best resources and the real effect of technology's use on long-term learning in music for professional musicians and the educated public as a whole.

AB - Research on the use of technology in music teaching and learning continues to grow in both quality and quantity. This article summarizes some of the important work since 2000, placing an emphasis on studies completed in the last few years. Both conceptual and philosophical publications are included as well as qualitative and quantitative work on technology in service to composition, listening and performance. One major conclusion is that we need more substantial studies on teaching strategies that use technology, issues of gender and technology, equity in accessibility to the best resources and the real effect of technology's use on long-term learning in music for professional musicians and the educated public as a whole.

KW - Constructing

KW - History

KW - Knowledge

KW - Music technology

KW - Research

KW - Teaching

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84870927015&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84870927015&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1386/jmte.4.2-3.115_1

DO - 10.1386/jmte.4.2-3.115_1

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84870927015

SN - 1752-7066

JO - Journal of Music, Technology and Education

JF - Journal of Music, Technology and Education

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Research Method

Home » 500+ Music Research Topics

500+ Music Research Topics

Music Research Topics

Music is a universal language that has the power to evoke emotions, bring people together, and express complex ideas and feelings. As a result, it has been the subject of extensive research and analysis across a wide range of fields, from psychology and neuroscience to sociology and cultural studies. Whether you are a music student, researcher , or simply a curious enthusiast, there are countless fascinating and important topics to explore within the realm of music research. From the history and evolution of different musical genres to the impact of music on human behavior and cognition, the possibilities for investigation and discovery are virtually endless. In this post, we will highlight some of the most interesting and relevant music research topics that you can explore in your own studies or simply as a way to deepen your appreciation and understanding of this rich and diverse art form.

Music Research Topics

Music Research Topics are as follows:

  • The impact of music on memory retention.
  • The evolution of hip-hop music and its influence on popular culture.
  • The relationship between music and emotions.
  • The role of music in religious and spiritual practices.
  • The effects of music on mental health.
  • The impact of music on athletic performance.
  • The role of music in therapy and rehabilitation.
  • The evolution of classical music through the ages.
  • The impact of technology on music creation and distribution.
  • The relationship between music and language acquisition.
  • The cultural significance of music in different parts of the world.
  • The influence of popular music on politics and social issues.
  • The impact of music on academic performance.
  • The role of music in film and television.
  • The use of music in advertising and marketing.
  • The psychology of musical preferences.
  • The effects of music on sleep patterns and quality.
  • The impact of music on creativity and productivity.
  • The influence of music on fashion and style.
  • The impact of music education on childhood development.
  • The role of music in memory recall and nostalgia.
  • The effects of music on physical health.
  • The relationship between music and brain development.
  • The impact of music on the immune system.
  • The influence of music on social behavior.
  • The evolution of jazz music and its impact on society.
  • The role of music in cultural preservation and identity.
  • The effects of music on stress levels and anxiety.
  • The relationship between music and social movements.
  • The impact of music on language learning and pronunciation.
  • The effects of music on learning and cognition.
  • The influence of music on political ideologies and movements.
  • The impact of music on academic achievement.
  • The relationship between music and cultural assimilation.
  • The role of music in international diplomacy.
  • The effects of music on physical performance and endurance.
  • The impact of music on memory consolidation and recall.
  • The influence of music on fashion trends and subcultures.
  • The role of music in socialization and identity formation.
  • The effects of music on perception and attention.
  • The impact of music on decision making and judgment.
  • The relationship between music and romantic attraction.
  • The role of music in social justice movements.
  • The effects of music on motor skills and coordination.
  • The influence of music on cultural exchange and globalization.
  • The impact of music on language and cultural barriers.
  • The relationship between music and cultural appropriation.
  • The role of music in community building and activism.
  • The effects of music on motivation and goal setting.
  • The influence of music on fashion advertising and marketing.
  • The impact of music on social inequality and discrimination.
  • The relationship between music and cultural hegemony.
  • The role of music in political propaganda and manipulation.
  • The effects of music on physical therapy and rehabilitation.
  • The influence of music on cultural diplomacy and international relations.
  • The impact of music on the environment and sustainability.
  • The relationship between music and social hierarchies.
  • The role of music in cultural exchange and intercultural communication.
  • The effects of music on creative thinking and problem solving.
  • The influence of music on consumer behavior and product preferences.
  • The impact of music on social mobility and economic inequality.
  • The relationship between music and cultural diversity.
  • The role of music in intergenerational communication and conflict resolution.
  • The effects of music on mood and emotional regulation.
  • The influence of music on cultural authenticity and representation.
  • The impact of music on memory in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
  • The impact of music on recovery and rehabilitation in individuals with physical injuries.
  • The role of music in promoting cultural exchange and understanding in international education.
  • The role of music in promoting cultural sensitivity and understanding in international relations.
  • The role of music in promoting cultural sensitivity and understanding in international human rights.
  • The effects of music on cognitive functioning and mental health in individuals with ADHD.
  • The relationship between music and cultural representation in the food and beverage industry.
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in individuals with mixed-sexual orientations.
  • The impact of music on job satisfaction and retention in the finance industry.
  • The role of music in promoting cultural diversity and understanding in international development.
  • The effects of music on emotional regulation and depression in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder.
  • The relationship between music and cultural representation in the transportation industry.
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in individuals with mixed-abilities.
  • The impact of music on academic performance and motivation in college students.
  • The role of music in promoting cross-cultural understanding and acceptance in international cooperation.
  • The effects of music on social skills and behavior in individuals with autism spectrum disorder.
  • The relationship between music and cultural representation in the entertainment industry.
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in individuals with mixed-language backgrounds.
  • The impact of music on creativity and innovation in the tech startup industry.
  • The role of music in promoting cultural sensitivity and understanding in international peacekeeping.
  • The effects of music on cognitive functioning and mental health in individuals with traumatic brain injury.
  • The relationship between music and cultural representation in the travel industry.
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in individuals with mixed-socioeconomic backgrounds.
  • The impact of music on job satisfaction and productivity in the education industry.
  • The role of music in promoting cultural diversity and understanding in international cooperation.
  • The effects of music on emotional regulation and anxiety in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder.
  • The relationship between music and cultural representation in the home appliance industry.
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in individuals with mixed-culture backgrounds.
  • The impact of music on academic performance and motivation in graduate students.
  • The role of music in promoting cross-cultural understanding and acceptance in international diplomacy.
  • The effects of music on social skills and behavior in individuals with attention deficit disorder.
  • The relationship between music and cultural representation in the construction industry.
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in individuals with mixed-spiritual backgrounds.
  • The impact of music on creativity and productivity in the healthcare industry.
  • The role of music in promoting cultural sensitivity and understanding in international justice.
  • The effects of music on cognitive functioning and mental health in individuals with Parkinson’s disease.
  • The relationship between music and cultural representation in the hospitality industry.
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in individuals with mixed-political backgrounds.
  • The impact of music on job satisfaction and retention in the automotive industry.
  • The role of music in promoting cultural diversity and understanding in international diplomacy.
  • The effects of music on emotional regulation and depression in individuals with major depressive disorder.
  • The relationship between music and cultural representation in the telecommunications industry.
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in individuals with mixed-ethnic and racial backgrounds.
  • The impact of music on academic performance and motivation in high school students with disabilities.
  • The role of music in promoting cross-cultural understanding and acceptance in international trade.
  • The effects of music on social skills and behavior in individuals with borderline personality disorder.
  • The relationship between music and cultural representation in the fashion industry.
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in individuals with mixed-heritage backgrounds.
  • The effects of music on cognitive functioning and mental health in individuals with schizophrenia.
  • The relationship between music and cultural representation in the technology industry.
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in individuals with mixed-race identities.
  • The impact of music on job satisfaction and retention in the hospitality industry.
  • The role of music in promoting cultural diversity and understanding in global development.
  • The effects of music on emotional regulation and anxiety in individuals with social phobia.
  • The relationship between music and cultural representation in the toy industry.
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in individuals with mixed-faith backgrounds.
  • The impact of music on academic performance and motivation in high school students.
  • The effects of music on social skills and behavior in individuals with oppositional defiant disorder.
  • The relationship between music and cultural representation in the beauty industry.
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in individuals with mixed-ethnicity backgrounds.
  • The impact of music on creativity and productivity in the fashion industry.
  • The role of music in promoting cultural sensitivity and understanding in international aid.
  • The effects of music on cognitive functioning and mental health in individuals with dementia.
  • The relationship between music and cultural representation in the fitness industry.
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in individuals with mixed-gender identities.
  • The impact of music on job satisfaction and productivity in the technology industry.
  • The role of music in promoting cultural diversity and understanding in international tourism.
  • The effects of music on emotional regulation and depression in individuals with anxiety disorders.
  • The relationship between music and cultural representation in the pet industry.
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in individuals with mixed-education backgrounds.
  • The impact of music on academic performance and motivation in middle school students.
  • The effects of music on social skills and behavior in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
  • The relationship between music and cultural representation in the home decor industry.
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in individuals with mixed-sex identities.
  • The impact of music on creativity and innovation in the gaming industry.
  • The role of music in promoting cultural sensitivity and understanding in international conflict resolution.
  • The effects of music on cognitive functioning and mental health in individuals with bipolar disorder.
  • The relationship between music and cultural representation in the sports industry.
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in individuals with mixed-nationality and mixed-linguistic backgrounds.
  • The impact of music on job satisfaction and retention in the retail industry.
  • The role of music in promoting cultural diversity and understanding in global governance.
  • The effects of music on emotional regulation and anxiety in individuals with panic disorder.
  • The relationship between music and cultural representation in the electronics industry.
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in individuals with mixed-citizenship backgrounds.
  • The impact of music on academic performance and motivation in elementary school students.
  • The role of music in promoting cross-cultural understanding and acceptance in international security.
  • The effects of music on social skills and behavior in individuals with conduct disorder.
  • The relationship between music and cultural representation in the agriculture industry.
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in individuals with mixed-religious backgrounds.
  • The effects of music on cognitive functioning and mental health in individuals with traumatic brain injuries.
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in individuals with disability identities.
  • The role of music in promoting cross-cultural understanding and acceptance in the healthcare industry.
  • The effects of music on emotional regulation and anxiety in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in individuals with LGBTQ+ identities.
  • The impact of music on job satisfaction and productivity in the gig economy.
  • The role of music in promoting cultural sensitivity and understanding in education policy.
  • The effects of music on social skills and behavior in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in individuals with mixed-age identities.
  • The impact of music on creativity and innovation in the advertising industry.
  • The role of music in promoting cultural diversity and understanding in urban planning.
  • The effects of music on cognitive functioning and mental health in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  • The relationship between music and cultural representation in the food industry.
  • The impact of music on job satisfaction and retention in the nonprofit sector.
  • The role of music in promoting cultural understanding and acceptance in international business.
  • The effects of music on emotional regulation and depression in individuals with chronic pain.
  • The relationship between music and cultural representation in the gaming industry.
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in individuals with mixed-sexual orientation identities.
  • The role of music in promoting cross-cultural communication and understanding in foreign policy.
  • The effects of music on social skills and behavior in individuals with social anxiety disorder.
  • The relationship between music and cultural representation in the craft industry.
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in individuals with mixed-disability identities.
  • The impact of music on creativity and productivity in the media industry.
  • The role of music in promoting cultural sensitivity and understanding in corporate social responsibility.
  • The effects of music on cognitive functioning and mental health in individuals with substance use disorders.
  • The relationship between music and cultural representation in the automotive industry.
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  • The relationship between music and cultural representation in the wellness industry.
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in individuals with mixed-nationality backgrounds.
  • The impact of music on academic performance and motivation in adult learners.
  • The role of music in promoting cultural understanding and acceptance in global governance.
  • The relationship between music and cultural representation in the furniture industry.
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in individuals with mixed-generational backgrounds.
  • The impact of music on creativity and innovation in the film industry.
  • The role of music in promoting cultural integration and social cohesion in diverse communities.
  • The effects of music on cognitive functioning and mental health in individuals with multiple sclerosis.
  • The relationship between music and cultural representation in the tech industry.
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in second-generation immigrants.
  • The role of music in promoting cross-cultural communication and understanding in diplomacy.
  • The effects of music on emotional regulation and self-esteem in individuals with eating disorders.
  • The relationship between music and cultural representation in the publishing industry.
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in biracial and multiracial families.
  • The impact of music on creativity and innovation in the workplace.
  • The role of music in promoting cultural awareness and sensitivity in the criminal justice system.
  • The effects of music on social skills and behavior in individuals with schizophrenia.
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in individuals with refugee backgrounds.
  • The role of music in promoting cultural understanding and acceptance in global marketing.
  • The effects of music on emotional regulation and anxiety in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in individuals with mixed religious backgrounds.
  • The impact of music on academic achievement and retention in community college students.
  • The role of music in promoting cultural exchange and understanding in international development.
  • The effects of music on social skills and behavior in individuals with bipolar disorder.
  • The relationship between music and cultural representation in the luxury goods industry.
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in individuals with immigrant parents.
  • The impact of music on creativity and productivity in the tech industry.
  • The role of music in promoting cultural sensitivity and understanding in journalism.
  • The effects of music on emotional regulation and depression in individuals with chronic fatigue syndrome.
  • The relationship between music and cultural representation in the wine industry.
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in individuals with non-binary gender identities.
  • The impact of music on job satisfaction and productivity in remote workers.
  • The role of music in promoting cultural diversity and understanding in international relations.
  • The role of music in promoting cultural awareness and sensitivity in diplomacy.
  • The effects of music on emotional regulation and self-esteem in individuals with body dysmorphia.
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in individuals with immigrant grandparents.
  • The role of music in promoting cultural understanding and acceptance in global advertising.
  • The effects of music on social skills and behavior in individuals with borderline intellectual functioning.
  • The relationship between music and cultural representation in the fragrance industry.
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and mental health in individuals with mixed-citizenship status.
  • The impact of music on creativity and productivity in the creative industries
  • The relationship between music and social cohesion in diverse communities.
  • The role of music in social justice movements and protests.
  • The effects of music on pain management and perception.
  • The influence of music on cultural hybridity and globalization.
  • The impact of music on social identity and self-esteem.
  • The relationship between music and cultural imperialism.
  • The role of music in therapeutic settings for children and adolescents.
  • The effects of music on language development in bilingual children.
  • The influence of music on cultural representation in the media.
  • The impact of music on interpersonal relationships and communication.
  • The relationship between music and cultural hegemony in the digital age.
  • The role of music in community-based initiatives for social change.
  • The effects of music on mental health in marginalized communities.
  • The influence of music on cultural identity and self-expression.
  • The impact of music on academic engagement and success in at-risk students.
  • The relationship between music and cultural appropriation in popular culture.
  • The role of music in cultural diplomacy and international relations in the 21st century.
  • The effects of music on cognitive processing in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  • The influence of music on cultural hybridity and transnationalism.
  • The impact of music on social justice advocacy and awareness-raising.
  • The relationship between music and cultural resistance in marginalized communities.
  • The role of music in the negotiation of cultural identities in the diaspora.
  • The effects of music on language processing and learning in second language acquisition.
  • The influence of music on cultural exchange and intercultural communication in the digital age.
  • The impact of music on academic achievement in students with disabilities.
  • The relationship between music and cultural hegemony in the music industry.
  • The role of music in the socialization and empowerment of girls and women.
  • The effects of music on physical health in individuals with chronic pain.
  • The influence of music on cultural authenticity and representation in the tourism industry.
  • The impact of music on the construction of gender and sexuality in popular culture.
  • The relationship between music and cultural appropriation in the fashion industry.
  • The role of music in promoting cross-cultural understanding and empathy.

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Teaching content recommendations in music appreciation courses via graph embedding learning

  • Original Article
  • Published: 16 May 2024

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research topics teaching music

  • Dugang Liu 1 ,
  • Xiaolin Lin 1 ,
  • Lingjie Li 1 &
  • Zishan Ming 2  

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The traditional music appreciation course teaching model relies on questionnaires or manual decision-making to determine teaching content, which is time-consuming and easily reduces student satisfaction and teaching quality. How to use artificial intelligence technology to improve the selection process of teaching content is a valuable and important issue. This paper treats the above problem as a teaching content recommendation task and proposes a two-stage graph embedding learning (TSGEL) framework. Specifically, our TSGEL includes three customized modules: (1) a graph convolution module with side information to capture students’ preferences through effective information propagation on student-song graphs; (2) a refined prediction module aims to highlight students’ general preferences, thereby alleviating possible inconsistencies between training and testing distributions; and (3) a teaching content recommendation module selects some songs that can achieve group tradeoffs as teaching content based on the obtained student preferences. The first two modules constitute the individual stage for learning student preferences, and the latter is the group stage for integrating the preferences of all the students to recommend teaching content. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments on a public dataset and a real course dataset to verify the effectiveness and compatibility of our TSGEL.

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The real-world dataset used in our paper is confidential, but the other benchmark dataset is publicly available.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by Teaching Quality and Teaching Reform Construction Project of Undergraduate Universities in Guangdong Province in 2022: “Research on the Reform of College Music Appreciation Courses Aiming at Improving Students’ Music Aesthetics and Writing Ability”, and The 2022 Shenzhen University Teaching Reform Research Project No. JG2022055.

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Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China

Dugang Liu, Xiaolin Lin & Lingjie Li

Faculty of Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China

Zishan Ming

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Dugang Liu and Xiaolin Lin wrote the main manuscript text and Lingjie Li prepared the experiment. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Liu, D., Lin, X., Li, L. et al. Teaching content recommendations in music appreciation courses via graph embedding learning. Int. J. Mach. Learn. & Cyber. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13042-024-02123-5

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Published : 16 May 2024

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15 Fun Music Topics to Research Ideas for Your Music Appreciation Class

music-topics-to-research-blog-header-2023

Finding music topics to research that your music appreciation class will love can be a challenge at times. Fortunately, there are plenty of exciting and interesting music topics to research and explore when it comes to music appreciation. This blog post is jam-packed with fun music topics and ideas that make great projects and assessments for your music class.

Most music topics to research fall under the following broader categories –

  • Musician of Composer Biography

Music History

Music theory, music genres, music of a culture, stylistic features of a genre, elements of music analysis.

History of Musical Instruments

Types of Music Ensembles

  • Instruments of a Culture

Musical Techniques for Performance

Musical techniques for composing, music festivals, music and technology, music for the stage.

5-simple-ways-to-makeover-your-music-curriculum-blog-image-2022

Read on to find out more details for each of these categories for music topics to research, but if you are looking for some more ways to spice up your own music curriculum, then why not grab yourself a FREE copy of the 5 Ways to Makeover Your Music Curriculum. Click here to find out more.

Musician or Composer Biography

One of the easiest and most used music topics to research in the music classroom is the biography of a famous composer throughout history. This type of music research topic can be done on any number of composers throughout history – from Beethoven to Mozart to Bach. Some of the most influential composers in history have left an indelible mark on music as we know it today. Your music students can explore the works of several famous composers from different eras and consider what made them unique and revolutionary for their time period.

If you are looking to use this type of music topic to research with your classes, there are several Bundles available in my TPT store. Use the link here to check them out – all the hard work has been done for you. All you need to do is choose a composer, which pages you want to complete, and you are ready to go! This type of music topics to research make great music research assignments.

Music Composer Bundle

Female Composer Bundle

Music Research Topic idea 3- Music Theory

Although Music Theory is not required knowledge for all musicians out there, exploring musical theory will give your music students a deeper insight into why certain chords sound better than others or what makes a melody memorable! This music research topic could incorporate any type of music theory and some broad music theory research topics include:

  • The History of Music Notation
  • Different Ways that Rhythm is Notated and Counted around the World
  • The Development of Music Scales
  • Music Scales from Around the World
  • Chord Progressions
  • Musical Form of a particular style – Sonata, Symphony, Jazz, Pop, Program Music, etc…

Music Research Topic idea 2- Music History

Another commonly used music topic to research is Music History, and typically the History of European Music. Exploring different time periods of music is a great way to introduce students to the vast range of sounds and styles within the world of music. For this type of music assignment try giving each student a different musical era to research its history, development, notable artists, and influence on other time periods. This is also an effective way to get students comfortable with using various sources for research.

The different musical eras that you could use as a music topic to research are:

  • Early Music to 1400
  • Middle Ages
  • Renaissance
  • 20 th Century – 1900-2000
  • Modern 2000-present

Using Music Genres as a music topic to research can be incredibly broad for students, especially if your study is on contemporary music! For this type of music research topic or assignment try taking a closer look at subgenres within those broader categories such as punk rock or rap/hip hop. You can have your music students research where these subgenres originated from as well as any artists who helped popularize them within their respective scenes.

There are a couple of great websites that can help with this research. Be sure to check them out and try them with your classes. A word of warning – be prepared to go down the rabbit hole and lose a few hours of your time exploring these sites – they’re very interesting!!!!

  • This site is a long list of different musical genres
  • This site has links to music samples and playlists
  • This is another long list of genres, it is a bit easier to navigate, but you do need to create an account
  • This is another list site, but has lots of sub-genres and world music
  • This one is my personal favorite! It has music samples all linked and mapped. You just click on a style and a music sample plays. This one would be best for comparing different styles of music
  • This site has music mapped into a family tree – you can see where a style has it’s origins and influences
  • This music map site has parts to click to get reading passages on each music genre. It would be great to use for researching.

Music Research Topic idea 5- Music of a Culture

Introducing students to different musical cultures from around the globe is one way to show them how versatile and varied music from different regions can sound. Researching individual instruments from each culture allows students to understand how instrumentation contributes to the genre-specific sounds as well as how it has evolved over time due to technological advancements or cultural influences from around the world.

A suggested list of music topics to research for different cultures is below:

  • East Asia and Korea
  • Eastern Europe
  • Native American
  • Philippines
  • South America
  • Southeast Asia
  • Southwest and Central Asia
  • Western Europe and Scandinavia

If you are wanting to incorporate these world music research topics into your music classes, try the Music in Cultures Around the World Bundle

Music Research Topic idea 6- Stylistic Features of a Genre

Writing about music can be an interesting and creative task. With numerous music genres to draw from (see the list of websites above), there are a wealth of music topics to research and music topics for research papers that can provide a substantial focus for your music students. When exploring and researching the stylistic features of music genres, it’s beneficial to go beyond surface level observations. Your students should not only research the history and evolution of their chosen style, but also look at the artists and stylistic features that define the music genre. From the influence of other genres, instruments used, and the performers who have popularized certain sounds, researching the stylistic features of a genre provides an exciting opportunity for exploration.

Music Research Topic idea 7- Elements of Music Analysis

Music analysis using the Elements of Music is an extremely important skill for music students to cultivate and perfect. This type of music research assignment that focuses on music analysis can give your music students a chance to research music topics and apply their knowledge of music theory and composition in order to write about music.

For this type of music research assignment, your music students can choose any piece of music, musician, composer or music style that they want to study. Once they have chosen their area of focus, they can use the Elements of Music to guide their analysis of the music selected for study. By focusing on how each of the Elements of Music are used, your music students will help to improve their listening skills, performance and composition skills as well as their critical thinking and writing skills.

For more information about the Elements of Music read this Blog Post.

If you would like a set of “done for you” music analysis and music appreciation assignments using the Elements of Music, use the link here to check out this best-selling resource!

Music Research Topic idea 8- History of Musical Instruments

Learning about the history of musical instruments can be a fascinating way to explore different cultures and eras. One effective way for music students to learn more about music is to complete an assignment on the history of a musical instrument. This type of music assignment requires students to research music instruments in depth and develop an extended piece of writing on their findings. Through such music topics for research papers, it is possible to gain a better understanding of the methods of sound production by each instrument as well as the many ways that music has shaped society throughout the years. Choosing a unique music instrument such as Japanese drums or stringed instruments from around the world, makes writing about music fun and interesting. When you assign each student a different music research topic, this gives each student the opportunity to explore something specific and meaningful within the larger world of culture and music.

To make it easier for you try these two different Instrument Study resources from my TPT store

Orchestra Instrument Music Worksheets

Music Research Topic idea 9- Types of Music Ensembles

Music can often be a great topic to research and write about, especially music ensembles from around the world. Everything from traditional Chinese music to Bhangra music from India can be explored. Whether it’s the different instruments utilized in an Argentinean folk music ensemble, or the incredible rhythms found within Turkish music, anyone interested in writing about music will have a wealth of music research topics to explore. Even things that you may never have thought of like Candombe music from Uruguay or Soukous music from Congo can be investigated further and provide excellent context for a music research paper. By researching music ensembles from around the world, your music students can gain exceptional insights into cultural backgrounds as well as appreciate the variety of musical ensembles that exist across the world today.

  • Other types of Music Ensembles to Research include:
  • Small Ensembles – duets, trios, quartets, quintets
  • Rock Ensembles – different genres from the power trio to a rock big band
  • Jazz Music Ensembles – Jazz quartets, quintets to big bands
  • Vocal Ensembles – duets, trios, barbershop quartet, a capella groups and choirs
  • Classical Ensembles – string quartet, chamber orchestra to symphony orchestra
  • World Music Ensembles – Taiko drumming, Gamelan, Chinese Orchestra to different Folk Groups

Music Research Topic idea 10- Instruments of a Culture

Musical Instruments of a Culture

Music and instruments from cultures around the world are an intriguing and fascinating field of study. From ancient music that has been passed down through generations to music created in today’s modern era, there is no shortage of music topics for research and writing about music. Your music students can explore the instruments used for various music styles and genres ranging from traditional Indian classical music to reggae music in Jamaica. Studying the use of these instruments, how they are made, and the methods of sound production can provide an understanding of how different cultures view music and its importance within their society. It is also an opportunity to discover a range of sounds, techniques, and instrumentation collected from other countries and regions. Delving into music topics like these opens a unique way to appreciate artists from around the world by examining their use of traditional instruments to express their ideas, stories, cultures, beliefs, emotions, and experiences.

Try the World Instrument Music Worksheets to help you study Instruments of a Culture with your music classes.

Music Research Topic idea 11- Musical Techniques for Performance

Different musical instruments require different performance techniques and practice methods to develop a music student’s proficiency on their instrument. Researching music topics about their own instrument is therefore key to developing a well-rounded music knowledge and building a variety of musical performance skills that your music students can draw on to use in their own performances. When researching the performance techniques on an instrument, it is important to consider the various musical elements that factor into music-making for that instrument such as the different ways to make a sound unique. Additionally, looking at different music cultures that have similar instruments can provide perspective on the essential elements of music-making for any instrument. By researching these music topics and exploring music from diverse cultures, music genres and styles, young musicians can broaden their knowledge and refine their performance techniques.

Music Research Topic idea 12- Musical Techniques for Composing

For those interested in exploring music composition techniques for songwriting, there are a plethora of music topics to research. Experimentation with chord progressions, sound selection and structure can all lead to finding creative ways of writing music. From analyzing music theory and learning more about the basics of music notation to creating unique rhythms and melodies, there might be boundless music topics for research papers that require study and practice.

Your students could choose to study the compositional techniques used within a certain style or genre, or even study more closely about a composer. There are plenty of songs to observe in order to further understand how music works, no matter what area of study the student has chosen. Writing about music involves learning these elements as well as charting any personal progress over time to move closer to using these compositional techniques in their own songwriting.

Music Research Topic idea 13- Music Festivals

A music topic to research that is a little bit unusual would be to research music festivals. Music festivals have a long and varied history. From ancient music festivals that celebrated a variety of religious and cultural events, such as the Dionysius Festival in Athens, music festivals are still vital to many cultures around the world. Music festivals have grown exponentially since then and even today they continue to fascinate people globally.

Today, music festivals can range from traditional, classical music performances in concert halls all the way to modern music performances with huge stages and pyrotechnics at large outdoor concerts drawing tens of thousands of fans. Those looking to research this topic of music have a wealth of options. From legendary music composers or artists, music industry trends and the economic benefits, to exploring how music is used as a tool for activism, research on music festivals can be incredibly rewarding for any music student to study.

Music Research Topic idea 14- Music and Technology

The history of music technology has been a fascinating area of music research throughout the years. By exploring music topics related to music technology, your music students can learn more about the music we love and how it came to be. Writing about music technology can take several approaches; from a technical breakdown of specific instruments to an exploration of its roots in social movements, there are music topics for research on music technology spanning almost any interest. Investigating music technology and its influence on music as an artform and the history can open new perspectives into how music is created, performed, and enjoyed today.

Some music technology research topics include:

  • History of Recording
  • History of the Microphone
  • History of Electronic Instruments
  • History of Amplification
  • Or even try a music research topic explaining “How does a …. Work”?

Music Research Topic idea 15- Music for the Stage

Writing about and researching music can be a daunting task, especially when it comes to music for the stage. Depending on the specific topic your student chooses to research, music for theatre plays or musicals could range from orchestral and classical music pieces, to jazz and rock ensembles. In some cases, music for the stage could even be used as accompaniment for spoken words, stories or even dance. Regardless of what type of music is chosen to study, researching music topics about music for the stage allows your music students to further explore genres and understand how music is used in a theatrical context. By studying different types of music from various time periods and regions, your student’s music research paper will become more well-rounded and engaging.

Some Music for the Stage topics include:

  • Musical Theatre
  • Contemporary Dance

These 15 music research topics provide plenty of ideas for creating engaging lessons, research projects, and assignments that focus on both fundamental aspects of musical theory while still allowing room for creativity within each topic itself! Letting your students explore these music topics independently gives them access to invaluable information regarding various aspects related to making and enjoying great music regardless of its musical origin. So why not try one of these 15 fun music research topics with your music classes this year. By using some of these fun music research topics with your classes, you might find teaching music this way will help to ensure your class stays engaged while expanding their understanding of music appreciation!

Until next time

Happy Teaching

Julia from Jooya

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TOPICS

Welcome to TOPICS

For Music Education Praxis

research topics teaching music

A peer-reviewed journal of the MayDay Group

research topics teaching music

ISSN 2469-4681

research topics teaching music

A Lexicon for a Praxical Turn in Music Education

ABSTRACT: For over 60 years, my research and in-school observations concerning action learning and music as social praxis have warranted the following terms, ideas, suggestions, and cautions. This lexicon briefly outlines the leading themes of my published articles and books. It represents a significant turning away from traditions and taken-for-granted assumptions; and toward the important implications for teachers in a praxical turn for music education . It is my hope that students and teachers will jointly examine these precepts (and their brief qualifications), and engage with pro and con essays, discussions, and experiments with the praxical suggestions described. Thoughtful consideration, I hope, will lead music educators from defending school music through advocacy to, instead, producing the substantially notable results characteristic of praxis that will mitigate the profession’s legitimation crisis. I believe that by stressing the main points of my praxical approach, these conclusions will promote change in teaching praxis.

Author: Thomas A. Regelski

Published 12/8/2023

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The Musical Work of Serious Leisure: Piping with the 78th Fraser Highlanders

ABSTRACT: Using the concept of serious leisure as a lens, this study investigated musical engagement in a competitive Grade One Canadian Scottish Pipe Band, the 78th Fraser Highlanders, based in Burlington, Ontario. The 78th Fraser Highlanders are respected in the global piping community for their innovative arrangements and unique repertoire selection. Data was collected over a three-year period in this hybrid ethnographic case study situated in both online and offline contexts. Findings indicate correspondences with other research in the field of serious leisure studies. Themes that emerged from interviews and observation were: 1) centrality of music making, 2) social connectedness, 3) competition/fun, 4) identity and heritage, 5) group dynamics and unique band identity, 6) teaching and learning, and 7) uses of online platforms and social media.

Authors: Kari K. Veblen & Janice L. Waldron

The Courage to Teach Free Improvisation In and Through a Graduate Music Education Class

ABSTRACT: In this article, I describe my affinity for improvisation in music and life, and for free improvisation in particular as a music making practice. In this self-reflective position paper, I use these practices to help locate and define an authentic sense of self as a music education professor. This paper gives an account of my introduction of free improvisation sessions into a weekly, in-person graduate class in psychology and sociology related to music education. Drawing on relevant literature and a university-wide learning initiative, I present my reflections and those of my students on the experience of doing free improvisation over the duration of one semester, that led to enjoyment, growth, and flourishing. In closing, I consider the potential for doing more free improvisation in music and music education classes.

Author: Gareth Dylan Smith

Published 9/12/2023

Vernacular Music and Theories of Change: Transformation on Intersecting Paths

ABSTRACT: Vernacular music-making continues to be a prominent topic in music education discourse. However, the degree to which school music teachers choose to implement vernacular music practices is unclear, as are the factors that inspire change in teaching practice. This four-part article highlights the complexities surrounding curricular innovation and implementation, as well as the interplay between theory and praxis in music teaching and learning. Specifically, this inquiry features the precepts of three change theories and how their tenets can be applied to vernacular teaching practices in school music settings. A college-level vernacular music class is presented as one model for preparing preservice music teachers to meet the needs of 21st-century students. Considering the ways in which music teachers apply vernacular practices to school settings could help to illuminate the intersecting paths of theory and practice in an evolving music education discourse.

Author: Nathan B. Kruse

The ‘Teacherly’ Self of Music Teachers

ABSTRACT: Dramaturgy , a specialization of micro sociology (the study of face-to-face interactions) describes the social action of the Self impression presented to a public . The ‘teacherly’ Self, is engaged, in “social actions” with different “publics,” each of which calls for a somewhat different “role” governing relevant impressions given. Students in schools are the main public, but so are the professional impressions gained by their parents, colleagues, and administrators. Surveyed here are a range of generalized teacherly roles music teachers “script” (or accept) for their teaching praxis: for example, recipe and delivery teaching of “what works” and “best practices,” Pied Pipers , lead and push teachers, teachers as coaches (not maestros), praxicalists , and more. This application of dramaturgy to music education critiques some common ‘scripts’ as neither in the best interest of students nor of music in the lives of graduates and describes easily understood models for pre- and in-service teachers.

Published 4/11/2021

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Rethinking the Traditional Wind Band

ABSTRACT: The 21st century has brought new struggles to the instrumental band program, yet little has changed in wind band pedagogy (Kirchhoff, 1988). There have been alternative approaches to the traditional band rehearsal that could help support the growing diversity in schools and school band programs. World music pedagogy, typically employed in general music classrooms, can be adapted to engage students in multiple musical experiences in both traditional repertoire as well as other genres and styles. Critical pedagogy encourages students and teachers to work together to better understand their world through music, deconstructing the need for the director at the podium instructing students how to interpret the repertoire. Finally, there have been multiple studies that encourage wind band instructors to go beyond the traditional large ensemble and incorporate smaller ensembles that include chamber groups, mariachi ensembles, and steel bands. It is easy to forget that while students do not know how to play the instrument, they come to the music class steeped in their musical knowledge. By stepping away from the podium, even for a little, we can offer our students the chance to think critically and creatively that deepens their connection to music. Band directors are not just rehearsing for the next performance; we are educators supporting our students on their musical journeys.

Author: Lauren Diaz

Published 7/3/2020

Click here  to read the article

What Does ‘Global’ Mean and Why Does That Matter?

This article is a response to Jennifer Mellizo’s invitation ( TOPICS, 7 January 2019) to write on global music education.

Author: J. Terry Gates

Published 1/19/2020

Click here  to read the article.

The Bankruptcy of Aesthetic Autonomy: Music as a Social Praxis and Agency

Abstract: For many years, music education has followed the theory that it is rationalized in schools as aesthetic education. For many years, I have argued against this theory in numerous journal articles and books. The following is a light summary of my philosophy of music as a social praxis and form of agency. It is intended especially for pre-service students, and for those new to my ouvre, as an overview of many years of advancing praxis rather than aesthetics as the basis for music education.

Author: Thomas A. Regelski — University of Helsinki, Finland

Published 1/19/2020

Waste in Popular Music Education: Rock’s Problematic Metaphor and Instrument-Making for Eco-Literacy

Abstract: Popular music education can ease or worsen the waste problem. Waste refers to things with “no value,” and the Global North produces a lot of waste. Not limited to material, waste can be seen as a dominant metaphor in rock music. The guiding question for this essay is, what opportunity does rock music present for cultivating eco-literacy through music? Before we can find solutions though, we need to recognize rock’s distinctive ecological challenges. Popular music is both implicated in the challenge of waste, and can help music educators explore opportunities for resistance. In music education, qualitative research suggests instrument-making increases knowledge, interest, creativity, and builds attachment to an instrument, in addition to reducing material waste. In our field’s move to incorporate popular musics, instrument-making can be a part of eco-literate music pedagogy.

Author: Daniel J. Shevock – Penn State Altoona & State College Friends School, PA, USA

Published 06/16/2019

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Music Education as Global Education: A Developmental Approach

Note from the Editor: For our first article of 2019, we are pleased to publish this article by Jennifer Mellizo. In it, the author proposes a globalist model and includes  A Call for Responses . We welcome and encourage thoughtful responses to this article. Responses are treated as articles and follow normal blind-review and editing procedures. Please adhere to our submission format and guidelines.  Darryl A. Coan, Editor

Abstract: Although there have been isolated pockets of discussion about the connection between music participation and global citizenship identifications, in many ways music education has remained on the sidelines of the wider global education movement. Sociocultural understanding has been discussed as a positive byproduct of music education, but not usually as an explicit goal. Yet, as Campbell (2013) argues, the consequences of an ever-changing, increasingly diverse and connected world “are considerable for systems of music education, and for individual teachers” (16). It is imperative for practitioners and scholars to consider the ways in which learning experiences in the music classrooms can cultivate higher levels of global competency without diminishing musical learning. Through this article, I propose a developmental framework for understanding the unique potential of music education to function as global education (MEGE). My core argument is grounded by the work of scholars who contend music education cultivates a sense of belonging, releases imagination, and fosters empathy. However, the framework I propose points this work more intentionally toward globalist ends and applications. Specifically, I argue music educators have unique potential to help students extend and deepen their understanding of “community” (Greene 1995). If today’s students can develop strong in-group affiliations at multiple levels of community (e.g., local, cultural, national/governmental, and global), they can become the types of citizens who will solve problems that extend beyond geographical borders, and collectively transform our world into a more just and humane place.

Author: Jennifer M. Mellizo – University of Wyoming Laboratory School, Laramie, WY, USA

Published 01/07/2019

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Analysis and research on the influence of music on students’ mental health under the background of deep learning

Associated data.

The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation.

This paper makes a detailed analysis and discussion on the impact of music appreciation on college students’ mental health and the influence of music appreciation on students’ mental health, mental energy and mental structure. There has long been the idea of music promoting people’s mental health, as well as related research in the field of music psychology. For this specific group of primary and secondary school students, it should be said that it is relatively rare to consider using music education to promote their mental health. This paper summarizes the advantages of deep learning over shallow learning, explains the necessity of introducing deep learning, and describes the data representation of deep learning and several typical deep learning models. This study adopts the method of multi-evidence to conduct in-depth research and analysis. On the basis of in-depth study and research, this paper analyzes and studies the impact of music on students’ mental health, so as to lay a foundation for future research on students’ mental health. In terms of influencing factors and strategies to promote students’ in-depth learning, we should apply the research results to specific teaching situations with the help of advanced digital technology, and strive to combine theory with practice. The research shows that college students’ mental health is an important part of quality education in Colleges and universities, and music education plays an important role in the implementation of quality education.

Introduction

With the gradual advancement of quality education concept in schools, more and more attention has been paid to the influence of music on students’ mental health in teaching. Music becomes a channel for students to go to mental health, which allows them to cultivate students’ aesthetic sentiment, enlighten their wisdom, enhance their psychological quality, enhance their aesthetic taste and construct their own spiritual framework during their growth. With the deepening of research, deep learning has not only increased a lot of related research, such as neural network, learning process, classroom teaching, etc., but also the interdisciplinary research on deep learning has developed rapidly, such as pedagogy, physics, mathematics and other disciplines. Under the background of core literacy-oriented curriculum reform, a large number of primary and secondary schools are putting in-depth learning into specific curriculum teaching practice. With the popularization of higher education, music, as an important aspect of quality education, gets more and more attention. Many colleges and universities include music appreciation in humanistic quality education courses, and put forward higher requirements for music appreciation courses. Music, as a kind of culture, has a long history in the longitudinal direction, and is vast in the horizontal direction. It plays an extremely important role in the quality of talents ( Awais et al., 2020 ). Mental health, as an important index reflecting personal health, has been paid more and more attention in social functional departments, such as education, life and production, and has been vigorously publicized and popularized as an important part of humanistic care. The mental health of college students is one of the focuses of the current society. It is a way worth exploring to use music to adjust the mental state of college students. The mental health of college students is one of the focuses of the current society. Using music to adjust the mental state of college students is a way worth exploring ( Nachmani et al., 2018 ). With the deepening of research, deep learning has attracted the attention of researchers in the field of education. Educational researchers have found that “learning can also be divided into depth and depth” and that deep learning is an effective way to deeply process knowledge and information and improve learning efficiency. Therefore, developing deep learning has become an important measure of contemporary learning science. At the same time, society requires citizens to master accurate information and have the ability to deal with it, so as to serve the contemporary society. Deep learning means that on the basis of understanding, learners learn new ideas and knowledge critically, integrate them with the original cognitive structure, connect many ideas with each other, and transfer existing knowledge to new situations, so as to make decisions and solve problems. At present, digital, networked and mobile new learning methods have emerged one after another and become popular. Even because of the misuse of new learning tools and technologies, some learning activities only stay at the shallow learning level, so the network is even considered as a hotbed for shallow learning, which is not suitable for deep learning activities. At present, the rapid development of economy and the fierce competition in the information society also bring great social pressure to their lives. For the current college students, they cannot bear such great pressure. This invisible pressure makes them prone to excessive self-esteem, stronger self-inferiority, easy self-centeredness, emotional, weak sense of responsibility and other psychological problems, which lead them to commit crimes easily ( Kaluarachchi et al., 2021 ).

The early study of in-depth learning showed concern for the learning process, learning methods and learning results. At the same time, from the perspective of psychological research, the concept of learning quality with “understanding” as the core was put forward, and it was tried to describe it in a measurable way. Under the background at that time, the research trend of learning process, learning methods, learning results and quality and teaching effectiveness was a positive and concrete attempt to respond to the educational problems in the social change from the micro-level of classroom teaching, taking the educational process as the research foothold. In terms of computational complexity of network structure, when a network structure with depth k can express a certain function compactly, when a network structure with depth less than k is used to express the function, it may be necessary to increase the number of computational factors of exponential scale, which greatly increases the computational complexity. Generally speaking, for a given number of training samples, if there is a lack of other prior knowledge, people prefer to use a small number of computing units to establish the “tight expression” of the objective function to obtain better generalization ability. When the network depth is not enough, this tight expression may not be established at all. Because theoretical research shows that the function that can be compactly expressed by the network with depth K sometimes requires exponential growth of computing units when expressed by the network with depth k – 1.

In this paper, the corresponding research methods are established to analyze and explain it. In the research of deep learning, the corresponding model diagram and algorithm formula are established. In the research of music’s influence on students’ mental health, data graph and other methods are established to analyze it.

The main contribution of this paper is to conduct in-depth research and analysis of its research by using multi-evidence method. And use the method of demonstration to study and explain its research. On the basis of in-depth study, this paper analyzes and studies the impact of music on students’ mental health. Lay a foundation for the future study of students’ mental health. This paper summarizes the advantages of deep learning over shallow learning, explains the necessity of introducing deep learning, describes the data representation of deep learning and several typical deep learning models, such as convolutional neural network, DBN, and stack self-coding network, explains the reasons that may lead to the difficulties of deep learning training, introduces effective training methods, and from the aspects of initialization method, the selection of network layer and activation function, model structure This paper summarizes the new progress of deep learning research in recent years from four aspects: learning algorithm and practical application.

This paper is divided into five sections. The first section of this paper expounds the research background of the influence of music teaching on students’ mental health. The second section makes an empirical analysis of how to use network technology to support and promote deep learning. The third section studies the basic connotation of deep learning. The content of deep learning algorithm is described. Section “results and analysis” studies the influence of music on students’ mental health, and describes the research on the influence of music appreciation on students’ mental health. Section “summary” summarizes the full text. This paper summarizes the advantages of deep learning over shallow learning, and explains the necessity of introducing deep learning.

Related work

At present, the importance of education informatization is insufficient, and there is no in-depth understanding of the positive role of university informatization construction on the development of higher education. The traditional management concept and mode of thinking have seriously restricted the construction and development of university informatization. Theoretical research results are divorced from reality. This is mainly because most of the technical personnel engaged in design are not the front-line personnel of education, which leads to the disconnection between the designed works and education. The speed of information technology updating is fast. To give full play to the benefits, we must have high-quality information management personnel. Education informatization requires technical personnel who can be responsible for the design and maintenance of information systems, as well as the integration and development of various management software. Although there are many talents in this field in ordinary colleges and universities of science and technology, most of them are in teaching posts and do not engage in business management. How to avoid the complementary connection of information systems and avoid the phenomenon of “information fortress.” How to correctly and reasonably apply information technology to the process of education informatization has not been well solved. In view of many problems in the current process of educational informatization, learning research groups have conducted descriptive empirical research on how to use network technology to support and promote deep learning. However, with the increasing attention paid to this problem, with various new learning methods constantly emerging, faced with worries and doubts about superficial and impetuous learning caused by fast-food, fragmentation and miniaturization of learning, It is necessary to deeply analyze and understand the essential connotation of deep learning, and further explore the theoretical basis of deep learning from the perspective of learning science and learning psychology, which has practical theoretical significance for understanding and understanding deep learning, revealing its mechanism and forming promotion strategies. Deep learning is more expressive than shallow learning, and the increase of depth makes the local optimal solution of non-convex objective function the main factor causing learning difficulties. From the perspective of the relevance and complexity of research topics, there are differences in the starting time of deep learning research, as well as the disciplines involved in early research (educational psychology and higher education were the earliest in countries, and educational technology was the first to introduce deep learning research in China), and the relevance and complexity of research topics are quite different. From any angle, we can see that deep learning puts forward new requirements for students’ learning. It emphasizes that learning is a kind of learning different from the past. It is no longer aimed at exams, nor is it limited to simple and mechanical copying of knowledge. Instead, it requires learners to grasp, apply, synthesize, analyze and evaluate, and be able to solve practical problems in life situations and form higher-order thinking goals.

In the research, Kresovich et al. think that the potential psychological adjustment of music is very crucial, which not only edifies students’ sentiment, but also promotes the emotional communication among students, makes the interpersonal relationship among students more harmonious, cultivates the ability of mutual assistance and assistance, and promotes the healthy development of students’ mind and body ( Kresovich et al., 2021 ). Hense et al. think that music education is not only a means of art teaching, but also plays a significant role in psychological adjustment and treatment. Therefore, music education should play an active role and value in disease treatment in college music education. Colleges and universities should proceed from the reality of students’ mental health, endow colorful music teaching activities with the function of psychological adjustment, and widely apply them to the practice of college students’ mental health work ( Hense et al., 2018 ). Kegelaers et al. think that music itself has a power that other arts cannot match and surpass, and this power contains very powerful emotions. This is also a very clear affirmation of the function of music in numerous literatures ( Kegelaers et al., 2021 ). Wang et al. thinks that the “anxiety” caused by the pressure of study, employment and competition has become a major psychological problem that plagues higher vocational students ( Wang and Agius, 2018 ). According to Terry et al. the psychological adjustment function of music for students cannot be realized only by passive appreciation. On the contrary, passive music appreciation must be expanded into active music rhythm and interactive and cooperative music-themed activities, so that students can rediscover their own values and abilities, reconfirm themselves and accept themselves in the process of listening, discussing and expressing music, so that they can play music effectively ( Terry et al., 2020 ). Sharma et al. thinks that the stimulation provided by music satisfies the “id”. The “ID” is the primitive instinct, the most inaccessible part of the personality, and the powerful one, which includes the survival drive and sexual drive of human instinct. When the ID is not satisfied, the individual will breed anxiety and produce a tense state. The satisfaction that the ID needs can eliminate the tension and make the individual feel happy ( Sharma et al., 2020 ). Wang et al. think that learning is the process of learners’ complex information processing activities and cognitive construction. In essence, deep learning is a process of constructing the meaning of structural and non-structural knowledge, and it is also a complex information processing process. It is necessary to effectively and finely process the activated prior knowledge and the acquired new knowledge, that is, from awareness and analysis to synthesis, application and assimilation ( Wang et al., 2020 ). The purpose of in-depth learning is to develop higher-order thinking ability and realize meaningful learning. Its core idea embodies important concepts in cognitive science such as understanding, construction, transfer, problem solving and reflection. Ballenberger et al. think that deep learning is no longer just the similarities and differences of learning methods and strategies, but that there are significant differences in the understanding and criticism of meaning, the connection and construction of knowledge, and the migration and application of learning. The understanding of this difference has also prompted researchers to explore the essential characteristics of deep learning from the perspectives of memory mode, knowledge system, focus and learning motivation ( Ballenberger et al., 2018 ).

Deep learning research

Research on the basic connotation of deep learning.

In the 1990s, the deep learning research continued from the earlier research, which was reflected in the concern for learning results and learning process. The research at this stage mainly focuses on the topics of education, academic performance, learning strategies, learning perception and learning outcomes from the perspective of self-construction of psychological learning, while the research topics such as students, knowledge, motivation, science, classroom, mode and differences in learning quality also frequently appear. In the process of problem-solving learning, learners still pay attention to the explanation of functional level, but it includes a wider range of explanatory information, as well as more structured information and internal mechanisms. They try to understand the causal relationship between phenomena through the qualitative relationship between parts and recall association. Deep learning method tries to find the internal structure of data and the real relationship between variables. A large number of studies have shown that the way of data representation has a great influence on the success of training and learning. Good representation can eliminate the influence of changes in input data that have nothing to do with learning tasks on learning performance, while retaining useful information for learning tasks ( Ascenso et al., 2018 ; Jensen and Bonde, 2018 ). Among the views on self-construction and social construction of learning, it is worth paying attention to the debate between the two research camps of symbolic processing and situational cognition for nearly 20 years. The cognitive theory of symbol processing is an important research of modern cognitive psychology. The cognitive theory of orientation symbol processing emphasizes the decisive role of knowledge on behavior and cognitive activities. It emphasizes the holistic study of cognitive processes. And “mental activity like computer” is taken as its metaphorical basis. With the method of computer simulation, a large number of simulation studies have been carried out on cognitive problems such as perceptual attention, memory and problem solving. Important progress has been made in revealing the nature and mechanism of human cognition. However, due to the limitations of metaphor itself, there are serious deficiencies in this study. The former pays attention to the processing structure of brain and thinking symbol representation, emphasizes the understanding of people’s inner mental process and the transformation characteristics of individual input and output, and pays no attention to the external environment; The latter pays attention to the structure of the external world and how it constrains and guides human behavior, emphasizing the role of history, social interaction, culture and environment, while weakening the importance of internal cognition. In order to show the overall research situation of deep learning in recent years more clearly and grasp the development trend of deep learning research, this research is based on the full-text database of Chinese academic journals in CNKI database, and adopts the method of literature analysis. Deep learning is a learning process characterized by the mental state of advanced thinking. Therefore, this paper focuses on the deep learning methods, deep learning motivation and deep learning strategies adopted by learners in the learning process. Through the statistical analysis of the frequency of high-frequency keywords, the co-cited matrix is generated, and through the advanced statistical processing such as cluster analysis, multi-dimensional scale analysis, factor analysis and social network analysis, different forms of visual graphics are drawn. According to its research, the corresponding model diagrams are established for analysis, as shown in Figures 1 , ​ ,2 2 .

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Model diagram of deep learning system.

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Deep learning operation model diagram. (A) Model distillation and (B) privileged features distillation.

In-depth study has stepped into the fast lane, the research results have gradually increased, and the research contents have become richer and richer. Build a virtual learning community in cyberspace, use instructional video resources or other software tools for visual learning, or conduct simulation experiments in virtual situations. Online collaborative learning, blended learning, mobile learning, and ubiquitous learning have become possible. Information-based teaching is a bilateral educational activity that educators use the current educational media, information resources and educational technology methods. The whole teaching process adheres to the teaching concept of taking learners as the main body and taking ability as the standard, “learning by doing and teaching by doing”. Information-based teaching design refers to, in order to achieve certain teaching goals, according to the characteristics of students, the theme of course content and environmental conditions. Make full use of modern information technology and resources, take learning as the center, and scientifically arrange each link and element in the teaching process, so as to realize the optimization of the teaching process. Based on the theoretical analysis and practical consensus of deep learning, it can be seen that deep learning is to solve the problems related to learning in the increasingly complex environment from the perspective of integration in explaining the rationality and experience of learning essence. Deep learning emphasizes the essence of learning. When deep learning becomes the consensus and normal state of educational practice and the essence of learning returns, the name of “deep learning” may return to “learning” instead of emphasizing “depth”. It is worth mentioning that deep learning is relative to false learning and mechanical learning, and the latter two are not what school teaching should be ( Sakalle et al., 2021 ; Sundaresan et al., 2021 ). Each computing layer of the network is composed of multiple feature maps, and each feature map exists in the form of a two-dimensional plane. The neurons in the plane share the same weight set under constraints. Deep learning is a new multi-layer neural network learning algorithm. This paper analyzes the advantages of this algorithm, and on the basis of summarizing the current research situation, puts forward the existing problems in the current research. On the basis of the analysis model of deep learning constructed by the latter, the research status is summarized. As the process of deep learning mainly includes situation creation, knowledge construction, problem solving and reflective evaluation, correspondingly, these four cognitive theories also explain deep learning from these four angles. Although each has its own emphasis, it is not absolutely independent. At the same time, there are some connections among these four cognitive theories. Constructivism theory comprehensively expounds deep learning from the perspectives of learning process, results, conditions, etc. Situational cognitive theory, distributed cognitive theory and metacognitive theory also enrich and develop the related research of constructivism from many aspects. The idea of metacognition runs through all the processes of deep learning, and is involved in constructivism theory, situational cognition theory and metacognition theory. In the research, a corresponding model diagram is established to analyze it, as shown in Figure 3 .

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Model diagram of deep learning level.

Human’s learning activity is an extremely complex system, and the study of human learning phenomenon and its essential law has always been the focus of human attention for a long time. Looking back at the long course of study and research, human beings’ exploration of learning phenomena has experienced three changes: the tradition of philosophical research, the tradition of scientific psychology based on laboratory and the tradition of multidisciplinary integration research that focuses on natural situations. A systematic and scientific learning theory has gradually formed, and gradually turned to the study and scientific research that pays more attention to complex learning phenomena in real situations. In the research of deep learning, the corresponding data tables are established for analysis, such as Tables 1 , ​ ,2 2 .

Data sheet of deep learning research.

Deep learning specific analysis data table.

The deep learning method research includes four aspects: strategy research, teaching mode, environment design and model design. Among them, strategy research refers to various strategies and methods to promote deep learning, including information technology support strategy, learning evaluation strategy and blank space strategy. In order to meet the needs of their own development, deep learners will actively learn knowledge and skills. However, shallow learners only accept information passively in order to complete the task.

Research on deep learning algorithm

In-depth study is interwoven with people’s way of understanding things based on rationality and experience. In the debate between self-construction and social construction of learning, cognitive objectivism moves toward the opposite side, and the irrational, socialized and contextualized parts of learning activities are gradually discovered. It can be seen from the main co-cited researchers in deep learning research that during this period, the key researchers not only include the teaching field, but also the research in multimedia learning, Computer Supported Cooperative Learning (CSCL) and other fields have received sudden attention. While discussing the advantages of information technology in promoting deep learning, people also found some problems such as learners’ cognitive load in this process. Deep learning has become a hot field in modern education. In the early stage of its development, it did not pay enough attention to it, and there is still a certain gap between the interpretation and practical application of deep learning in countries. The integration of information technology and deep learning is not high. Scholars pay more and more attention to the integration of information technology and deep learning. Improving classroom efficiency and realizing deep learning through information technology has become a hot topic ( Babini et al., 2020 ; Cheah et al., 2020 ). Content analysis refers to a scientific research method that objectively, systematically and quantitatively describes the research content of a certain field, so as to deeply grasp the research status and content of the research field. Cite Space is an application software developed based on Java platform. Because it is suitable for multivariate, time-sharing and dynamic complex network analysis, it has become the most distinctive and influential information visualization software in the field of information analysis. Scientific and reasonable teaching strategies are the foundation and guarantee to make deep learning a reality. Deep learning teaching strategy is a suggestion to adjust teachers’ ideas and teaching behaviors based on the problems existing in deep learning. The research scope of deep learning mainly focuses on formal learning field and well-structured problem field. The formal field of study mainly refers to the classroom. However, learning also happens in most areas of informal learning. Informal learning, as an extension of formal learning, plays an important role in understanding and supplementing the knowledge learned in class. In the deep learning model, the convolutional neural network limits the network structure by using the local connection of the receiving domain. Another feature of convolutional neural networks is the sharing of weights. There are a lot of connected weights in the graph, but because the neurons in the same hidden layer share the same weight set, the number of free parameters is greatly reduced. The feature detection layer of convolutional neural network learns through training data, avoiding explicit feature extraction, but implicitly learning features from training data. Moreover, the neurons on the same feature mapping surface have the same weights, and the network can learn in parallel, which is also an advantage of convolutional neural network over other neural networks. The network structure of convolutional neural network is closer to the actual biological neural network, and it has unique advantages in speech recognition and image processing, especially in the field of visual image processing, and good results have been obtained. In the research, the corresponding algorithm formulas are established for analysis, such as formulas (1) – (4) plus (5) , (6) .

The method of random initialization is adopted for the deep neural network. The gradient-based optimization makes the training result fall into the local extreme value, but the global optimal value cannot be found. The numerical optimal solution (minimum value) trained by gradient descent method is almost equal to the analytical solution. When the parameter x to be optimized is initialized to different values, the final corresponding optimal solution (minimum value) is also different. This shows that the position of the optimal solution (local minimum) obtained by the iteration of the gradient descent algorithm is closely related to the initial value of the parameters to be optimized. With the deepening of the network structure, it is more difficult to get good generalization performance, which makes the learning result of the deep neural network after random initialization even worse than that of the shallow structure neural network with only one or two hidden layers. For deep learning, unsupervised learning and semi-supervised learning are the key components of a successful learning algorithm. Unsupervised learning makes the parameters of supervised learning enter a suitable preset area, and a good solution can be obtained by gradient descent in this area. Unsupervised learning is used in each layer of deep structured neural network to decompose a problem into several sub-problems related to the extraction of multiple representation levels, and visual learning support is provided at appropriate stages. From the perspective of visualization, the teaching process has gone through two stages, namely, the process of concretizing abstract knowledge and the process of expressing concrete knowledge in abstract concepts ( Dang et al., 2020 ; Fang, 2021 ). The subject of the former is mainly teachers (learners may also participate in it), that is, teachers create a learning environment including information technology to provide visual learning support for learners; The main body of the latter is learners, that is, learners abstract the concrete content into concepts and models, and express them visually. In the interpersonal field, relevant strategies include: setting up cooperative research groups, and in most schools, the research groups are carried out continuously and daily; providing internship opportunities is a way for students to strengthen and cooperate their skills in off-campus situations. Because both of them focus on the cognitive level of learning, they pay less attention to the emotional level and social and cultural attributes of learning. Especially from the perspective of “complex learning environment” it is still necessary to deeply integrate the cognitive, social and technical aspects of learning. Therefore, it is still worth further discussion to apply the above two classification theories to the evaluation of deep learning. In the research, the corresponding algorithm formulas are established for analysis, such as formulas (7) – (10) plus (11) .

The deep neural network has a deep non-local learning structure, and it can learn the features in the data set with great changes from fewer samples, showing stronger feature recognition ability than the kernel method. At the same time, the learning process of RDFM method solves the over-fitting problem caused by too strong learning ability due to the introduction of regularization factors. According to Fisher’s criterion, the depth structured neural network is used to improve the discrimination of features. Deep neural network has a deep nonlocal learning structure and learns the characteristics of data sets with great changes from fewer samples. It shows stronger feature recognition ability than kernel method. At the same time, due to the introduction of regularization factor in the learning process of rdfm method, the problem of over-fitting caused by strong learning ability is solved. Experiments are carried out on various types of data sets, and the results show the necessity of using unsupervised regularization in the fine-tuning stage of deep learning. Experiments on image classification and learning low-dimensional representation of images with the depth unsupervised self-coding model realized by this nonlinear transformation method show that these transformations are helpful to learn the depth structure neural network with at least five hidden layers, which proves the effectiveness of the transformation, improves the speed of the basic random gradient learning algorithm, and helps to find a better generalized classifier. Deep neural networks such as convolution DBN and stack self-coding network have been used in speech and audio data processing, such as music artist genre classification, speaker identification, speaker gender classification and speech classification, etc., and very good learning results have been obtained ( Koops and Kuebel, 2021 ). DBN and stack self-coding network have shown good performance in a single image recognition task, successfully used to generate a compact and meaningful image retrieval representation, and have been used in large-scale image retrieval tasks with very good results.

Results and analysis

Study on the influence of music appreciation on students’ mental health.

The form of music appreciation teaching is mainly characterized by listening and appreciating, and the music works, because of its own structural style, are in the form of tension, which causes the conscious person to have a specific psychological reaction. Interpersonal relationship refers to the relationship between people established and developed in interpersonal communication, which reflects the contact degree of people in the depth, closeness, coordination and other psychological aspects. The vast majority of contemporary college students are only children, and they have developed the habit of self-centered thinking and dealing with problems. They show no cooperative spirit, no broad mind, and haggle over every ounce when dealing with others. Even though they are aware of the importance of interpersonal relationships, they often find it difficult to get along with others for various reasons. Music maintains mental health by promoting harmonious interpersonal relationships. Every one of us lives in the society, not an isolated existence, and personal mental health is inseparable from the society. The comprehensive functions of music appreciation are reflected in picture appreciation, field appreciation, self-appreciation and creative appreciation. Music appreciation can promote individuals’ mental health and alleviate their negative emotions. This conclusion has been confirmed by many psychological studies. In modern society, a large number of people are in a tense state of life, so physical and mental relaxation plays a great role in mental health. However, not every kind of music can make people relax. Music that can make people relax should generally meet the following requirements: the rhythm is less than the heartbeat, and the rhythm changes little. Music can include flutes, strings, guitars, etc., preferably concertos with soft melodies. With the formation of human self, there is a need to be cared for by others, that is, in one’s life, one hopes to feel warmth, care, sympathy, respect, recognition, etc. from related people. Listening to music can cultivate students’ sentiment, make them have noble spiritual realm, broader vision and mind, cultivate their image memory, creativity, imagination and observation, improve their understanding, perception, emotion and other abilities, and form a correct aesthetic view. Psychological energy is the psychological power, which can make people realize their subjectivity and needs, the courage, impulse willpower, feelings and emotions with various characteristics, etc. Psychological energy can affect the balanced and coordinated development of the dynamic system of human psychology, and it is the key. The psychological energy of college students exists in the form of tension, and the sound of music also stimulates the appreciators in the form of tension. The two kinds of tension combine and influence each other, so that students’ psychological energy can move and play smoothly. The sound of music forms a complete musical work through its constituent elements, such as loudness, pitch and timbre. Music stimulates human sensory organs through various elements of sound. In the teaching of music appreciation, teachers guide students to have emotional experience of music, and guide students to comprehend and feel through all kinds of information and details in music, so that students can integrate their emotions into music. At present, college students are full of energy, rich in knowledge and mature in physiology, and their emotional world is very colorful.

This paper investigates a vocational and technical college and a conservatory of music. These schools are representative, objective and universal, and they are all higher vocational colleges. The investigation lasted 4 months. Thousand questionnaires were distributed to the students of the above four schools, and 900 were recovered, with a recovery rate of 90%. Among them, there are 900 valid questionnaires, with an effective rate of 100%. In the study, the corresponding data graphs are established for analysis, as shown in Figures 4 – 6 .

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Data map of music appreciation influence.

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Music appreciation data map.

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Data map of music appreciation research.

From the above data graph, it can be known that music appreciation has a great influence on psychological activities, up to about 54.3%. Personality is composed of three parts: id, ego and superego. I am the original self, which refers to the original self, including all the basic desires, vitality and impulses required for production. As the source of psychological energy, the ID only needs to be happy and avoid suffering. Happiness is the fundamental principle of the ID’s behavior, completely outside the social moral norms. The psychological energy of self is mostly consumed in the suppression and control of id. Anything that can become conscious is in the self, but it also exists in the unconscious in the self. It is the existence and awakening of self-consciousness. Self can separate desire from fantasy, endure tension and compromise, and change with time. In music appreciation, the appreciator’s self will be strengthened. Music appreciation teaching is a way to further deepen the influence of personality. On the basis of the original value of music, the harmonious development of people’s psychology can be further realized. Idealized personality must be the result of highly harmonious development of internal psychology. Pursuing truth, goodness and beauty also points out the direction for realizing the harmony of internal psychology. Superego is an ideal part of personality structure and a perfect self. I strive for perfection, and it does not care about reality or happiness. Because of the guidance of the superego, the heart will achieve a harmonious state, thus enabling people to live better in real life. Music appreciation can provide a beneficial direction for college students’ superego. Music appreciation is an important part of aesthetic education. To complete music appreciation education with high quality, the most direct thing is to have an excellent music appreciation teacher. An excellent music teacher should have all the excellent qualities of all teachers, including solid basic music skills and professional accomplishment. We should also have many other excellent qualities, such as innovative spirit, profound knowledge, correct aesthetics, etc. Teachers who have graduated from music colleges are more concentrated in their professional fields, and lack relevant knowledge of psychology. Teachers who have graduated from local comprehensive universities and normal colleges also have the same problems to varying degrees. Music psychology is based on general psychological phenomena, and constantly evolves in the process of the emergence, occurrence and development of music consciousness. Music psychology is not innate. It needs to gradually form music consciousness and psychological process with personality characteristics in the actual music activities and education, and in the process of continuous improvement of the brain. The process of continuous learning and acceptance in the growth stage is also the process of the formation of musical psychology. From infancy to adulthood and then to old age, it has experienced the whole process of occurrence, development and decline. Teachers of music majors should master and understand certain knowledge of psychology if they want to improve the mental health of higher vocational college students through music. Under the guidance of the syllabus of music education, corresponding teaching plans and requirements should be formulated for higher vocational college students of the same grade or different grades, so that students can study systematically in a planned way. In the teaching of music appreciation, we should learn from the advanced music ideas, and integrate the most advanced teaching ideas in the world into our own teaching methods, so as to enrich our teaching content and make our teaching methods more vivid. Music appreciation teachers can get the latest music ideas and know the latest research results by reading the latest professional music journals and magazines, so as to serve their own music appreciation teaching.

The psychological impact of music education on students

To study students’ mental health, we have to talk about psychology. Psychology is a subject with many branches. Psychology and music psychology provide theoretical basis for music education to solve students’ mental health problems from different angles. In the early stage, young people can not only look at themselves objectively, but also express themselves clearly, defend themselves sensitively, and cherish themselves, forming a rational self-consciousness. The ideal self and the realistic self are still facing the crisis of division, and self-affirmation and self-denial often conflict. Chronic anxiety symptoms develop slowly, but persist, usually for a long time. In terms of emotional disorders: I often feel distressed, self-reproached, always think of the disadvantages and exaggerate the difficulties when something happens. No moaning, often accompanied by fatigue, chest tightness, shortness of breath, irritability, sensitivity, frequent anxiety, loss of hands and feet, upset, restless, rubbing hands and feet, an unbearable discomfort, anxiety about one’s health, head swelling, face fever, etc. The fierce competition for talents in modern society often leads to college students’ involuntary study pressure and employment pressure, which gather in their hearts and cause obvious anxiety. Accordingly, college students will have the need to seek to relieve their inner pressure and anxiety. Music education is undoubtedly a “good medicine” to relieve college students’ psychological pressure. Music teaching can teach students about the height, intensity, timbre, melody, harmony, rhythm and other aspects of music, so that students can have a more comprehensive understanding of music, and then they can choose their own music independently, and enjoy their body and mind with the help of music. Excellent music plays a positive role in shaping a sound personality. With the help of classroom teaching and extracurricular music activities, music teaching provides a platform for college students to contact and appreciate excellent music works. In the research, the corresponding data graphs are established for analysis, such as Figures 7 – 9 .

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Data map of music education impact.

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Data map of music education impact effect.

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Data map of music education research and analysis.

The beauty of music lies in being able to depict an exciting artistic conception through the intangible emotion of music. Compared with other arts, music is closer to nature, it is easier to express one’s feelings, and it can make the appreciator’s mind deeply moved, which can exert a subtle influence. As an auditory art, music exists through auditory feelings. Let students feel the aesthetic effect in listening, which can better promote students’ imagination beauty, and make music exert great influence on their minds through image, so that students’ body and mind are in a benign and healthy state of development. Because music originated from a long time ago in human society, it was originally for human beings to express their emotions and vent their bad emotions, so music is called “the language of emotions”. Music can penetrate into the deepest part of the soul with the strongest power. If the way of education is suitable, they will infiltrate the soul with beauty and beautify it. If there is no such proper education, the soul will be ugly. Undoubtedly, good music teaching methods can help middle school students enrich their inner feelings and perfect their personality charm. It can also enable middle school students to feel the wonder and beauty of the world. For many middle school students, the emotions conveyed by good music are like guides, leading middle school students’ thoughts to a positive perspective. Listening to good music often can make middle school students calm down and learn cultural knowledge, and can sublimate students’ emotions. Implementing music education is a pleasure in itself, and under its influence, students’ pressure from all sides will be relieved and released, thus reducing their anxiety in learning. One of the standards of mental health is to have good interpersonal relationships. People with mental health can always keep good contact with the society and others, and can correctly know and understand the society and others. Music appreciation teaching is also aesthetic education. Teachers should, according to the characteristics of the times, the age of students and other factors, on the premise of maintaining the richness of classroom teaching content, choose works with strong ideological content and typical representative significance for students to enjoy. Music psychology is a branch of psychology that studies and explains people’s music experience and music behavior from primitive (newborn) to advanced level, based on psychological theory, absorbing physiology, physics, genetics, anthropology, aesthetics and other related theories, and adopting the method of experimental psychology.

Music is closely related to students’ mental health. Music education can promote students’ mental health, enable students to relax themselves, express their feelings, release bad emotions, build harmonious interpersonal relationships, and help students establish a good mental health system. In terms of influencing factors and strategies to promote students’ deep learning, we should apply the research results to specific teaching situations with the help of advanced digital technology, and strive to combine theory with practice. The mental health of college students is an important part of quality education in colleges and universities, and music education plays an important role in the implementation of quality education. It is diversified, multi-faceted, multi-level and repeated to influence and educate people. The effects of music appreciation on college students’ mental health are analyzed and discussed in detail in this paper: the effects on college students’ mental health, mental energy, psychological structure and so on. The idea that music promotes people’s mental health has existed for a long time, and the related researches in the fields of music psychology, music therapy and music education psychology have become quite mature systems. However, for the specific group of primary and secondary school students, it should be said that it is relatively rare to consider using music education to promote their mental health. This paper summarizes the advantages of deep learning over shallow learning, explains the necessity of introducing deep learning, describes the data representation of deep learning and several typical deep learning models, such as convolutional neural network, DBN and stack self-coding network, explains the reasons that may cause difficulties in deep learning training, introduces effective training methods, and summarizes the new progress of deep learning research in recent years from four aspects: initialization method, selection of network layers and activation functions, model structure, learning algorithm and practical application. However, this study lacks large-scale data for training, and obtains a large number of more representative characteristic information. So as to classify and predict the samples, and improve the accuracy of classification and prediction. Therefore, there are certain limitations, and further analysis is needed in the future.

Data availability statement

Author contributions.

TW: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, writing—original draft. YZ: conceptualization, validation, data curation, writing—original draft. MY: methodology, validation, data curation, writing—original draft. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.

Research and practice of general education of Aesthetic Education in Colleges and Universities from the perspective of “Internet +” (SJGZ20210071).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Publisher’s note

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Mudanjiang Normal University for its help in their work.

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USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Musicking higher education: an analysis of the effects of music pedagogy on college classroom atmospheres.

April Smith , University of South Florida

Graduation Year

Document type, degree name.

Master of Arts (M.A.)

Degree Granting Department

Major professor.

Frank Biafora, Ph.D.

Committee Member

Melissa Sloan, Ph.D.

Jamie Sommer, Ph.D.

critical education theory, learning community, classroom culture, socio-musicology, sociology of music, teaching sociology

Social scientific literature supports the use of music as a pedagogical tool in children for education, camaraderie, and classroom atmosphere, but the concentration of research ends at grade 12. While music is promoted as entertainment, therapy, a focus aid, a relaxation tool, and a way to create community for adults in previous research, in sociological literature we seem to both forget and ignore the benefits that it has as a learning tool. Using an interdisciplinary lens with supporting works from the philosophy of education and sociology, this paper provides support for the benefits of using music to build classroom culture. This study took place at a southeastern public university with data captured in two undergraduate sociology classrooms. The students ranged in ages from 18-43 of varying race, gender, and socio-economic identifications. Mixed methods of participant observation notes, confidential online questionnaire, and virtual interviews were used to collect the data. The findings of this study support the continued use of music in the college classroom as a pedagogical tool to build community and solidarity among students, and to foster alternative learning styles.

Scholar Commons Citation

Smith, April, "Musicking Higher Education: An Analysis of the Effects of Music Pedagogy On College Classroom Atmospheres" (2023). USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/etd/10003

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ScienceDaily

Singing researchers find cross-cultural patterns in music and language

Language and music may share evolutionary functions. Both speech and song have features such as rhythm and pitch. But are similarities and differences between speech and song shared across cultures?

To investigate this question, 75 researchers -- speaking 55 languages -- were recruited across Asia, Africa, the Americas, Europe and the Pacific. Among them were experts in ethnomusicology, music psychology, linguistics, and evolutionary biology. The researchers were asked to sing, perform instrumentals, recite lyrics and verbally describe songs. The resulting audio samples were analysed for features such as pitch, timbre and rhythm.

The study provides " strong evidence for cross-cultural regularities ," according to senior author Patrick Savage of Waipapa Taumata Rau, University of Auckland, a psychologist and musicologist who sang 'Scarborough Fair'.

MPI's Limor Raviv, co-author on the study, recorded the Hebrew song 'Yerushalayim Shel Zahav'. Fellow author Andrea Ravignani from the MPI recorded the Italian song 'Bella Ciao', playing the saxophone. The collection also featured the Dutch songs 'Hoor de wind waait' and 'Dikkertje Dap'.

A three-minute video [ https://youtu.be/a4eNNrdcfDM ] of researchers singing, speaking, and playing traditional instruments from their cultures is available.

Speculating on underlying reasons for the cross-cultural similarities, Savage suggests songs are more predictably regular than speech because they are used to facilitate synchronisation and social bonding. "Slow, regular, predictable melodies make it easier for us to sing together in large groups," he says. "We're trying to shed light on the cultural and biological evolution of two systems that make us human: music and language."

  • Language Acquisition
  • Child Development
  • Social Psychology
  • Arts and Culture
  • Popular Culture
  • Great Ape language
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Hearing impairment
  • Ethnic group
  • Entertainment
  • Communication
  • Scientific method

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Materials provided by Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics . Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

Journal Reference :

  • Yuto Ozaki, Adam Tierney, Peter Q. Pfordresher, John M. McBride, Emmanouil Benetos, Polina Proutskova, Gakuto Chiba, Fang Liu, Nori Jacoby, Suzanne C. Purdy, Patricia Opondo, W. Tecumseh Fitch, Shantala Hegde, Martín Rocamora, Rob Thorne, Florence Nweke, Dhwani P. Sadaphal, Parimal M. Sadaphal, Shafagh Hadavi, Shinya Fujii, Sangbuem Choo, Marin Naruse, Utae Ehara, Latyr Sy, Mark Lenini Parselelo, Manuel Anglada-Tort, Niels Chr. Hansen, Felix Haiduk, Ulvhild Færøvik, Violeta Magalhães, Wojciech Krzyżanowski, Olena Shcherbakova, Diana Hereld, Brenda Suyanne Barbosa, Marco Antonio Correa Varella, Mark van Tongeren, Polina Dessiatnitchenko, Su Zar Zar, Iyadh El Kahla, Olcay Muslu, Jakelin Troy, Teona Lomsadze, Dilyana Kurdova, Cristiano Tsope, Daniel Fredriksson, Aleksandar Arabadjiev, Jehoshaphat Philip Sarbah, Adwoa Arhine, Tadhg Ó Meachair, Javier Silva-Zurita, Ignacio Soto-Silva, Neddiel Elcie Muñoz Millalonco, Rytis Ambrazevičius, Psyche Loui, Andrea Ravignani, Yannick Jadoul, Pauline Larrouy-Maestri, Camila Bruder, Tutushamum Puri Teyxokawa, Urise Kuikuro, Rogerdison Natsitsabui, Nerea Bello Sagarzazu, Limor Raviv, Minyu Zeng, Shahaboddin Dabaghi Varnosfaderani, Juan Sebastián Gómez-Cañón, Kayla Kolff, Christina Vanden Bosch der Nederlanden, Meyha Chhatwal, Ryan Mark David, I. Putu Gede Setiawan, Great Lekakul, Vanessa Nina Borsan, Nozuko Nguqu, Patrick E. Savage. Globally, songs and instrumental melodies are slower and higher and use more stable pitches than speech: A Registered Report . Science Advances , 2024; 10 (20) DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm9797

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Is College Worth It?

As economic outcomes for young adults with and without degrees have improved, americans hold mixed views on the value of college, table of contents.

  • Labor force trends and economic outcomes for young adults
  • Economic outcomes for young men
  • Economic outcomes for young women
  • Wealth trends for households headed by a young adult
  • The importance of a four-year college degree
  • Getting a high-paying job without a college degree
  • Do Americans think their education prepared them for the workplace?
  • Is college worth the cost?
  • Acknowledgments
  • The American Trends Panel survey methodology
  • Current Population Survey methodology
  • Survey of Consumer Finances methodology

research topics teaching music

Pew Research Center conducted this study to better understand public views on the importance of a four-year college degree. The study also explores key trends in the economic outcomes of young adults among those who have and have not completed a four-year college degree.

The analysis in this report is based on three data sources. The labor force, earnings, hours, household income and poverty characteristics come from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Annual Social and Economic Supplement of the Current Population Survey. The findings on net worth are based on the Federal Reserve’s Survey of Consumer Finances.

The data on public views on the value of a college degree was collected as part of a Center survey of 5,203 U.S. adults conducted Nov. 27 to Dec. 3, 2023. Everyone who took part in the survey is a member of Pew Research Center’s American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel that is recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses. Address-based sampling ensures that nearly all U.S. adults have a chance of selection. The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other categories. Read more about the ATP’s methodology .

Here are the questions used for this report , along with responses, and the survey’s methodology .

Young adults refers to Americans ages 25 to 34.

Noncollege adults include those who have some college education as well as those who graduated from high school but did not attend college. Adults who have not completed high school are not included in the analysis of noncollege adults. About 6% of young adults have not completed high school. Trends in some labor market outcomes for those who have not finished high school are impacted by changes in the foreign-born share of the U.S. population. The Census data used in this analysis did not collect information on nativity before 1994.

Some college includes those with an associate degree and those who attended college but did not obtain a degree.

The some college or less population refers to adults who have some college education, those with a high school diploma only and those who did not graduate high school.

A full-time, full-year worker works at least 50 weeks per year and usually 35 hours a week or more.

The labor force includes all who are employed and those who are unemployed but looking for work.

The labor force participation rate is the share of a population that is in the labor force.

Young adults living independently refers to those who are not living in the home of either of their parents.

Household income is the sum of incomes received by all members of the household ages 15 and older. Income is the sum of earnings from work, capital income such as interest and dividends, rental income, retirement income, and transfer income (such as government assistance) before payments for such things as personal income taxes, Social Security and Medicare taxes, union dues, etc. Non-cash transfers such as food stamps, health benefits, subsidized housing and energy assistance are not included. As household income is pretax, it does not include stimulus payments or tax credits for earned income and children/dependent care.

Net worth, or wealth, is the difference between the value of what a household owns (assets) and what it owes (debts).

All references to party affiliation include those who lean toward that party. Republicans include those who identify as Republicans and those who say they lean toward the Republican Party. Democrats include those who identify as Democrats and those who say they lean toward the Democratic Party.

At a time when many Americans are questioning the value of a four-year college degree, economic outcomes for young adults without a degree are improving.

Pie chart shows Only 22% of U.S. adults say the cost of college is worth it even if someone has to take out loans

After decades of falling wages, young U.S. workers (ages 25 to 34) without a bachelor’s degree have seen their earnings increase over the past 10 years. Their overall wealth has gone up too, and fewer are living in poverty today.

Things have also improved for young college graduates over this period. As a result, the gap in earnings between young adults with and without a college degree has not narrowed.

The public has mixed views on the importance of having a college degree, and many have doubts about whether the cost is worth it, according to a new Pew Research Center survey.

  • Only one-in-four U.S. adults say it’s extremely or very important to have a four-year college degree in order to get a well-paying job in today’s economy. About a third (35%) say a college degree is somewhat important, while 40% say it’s not too or not at all important.
  • Roughly half (49%) say it’s less important to have a four-year college degree today in order to get a well-paying job than it was 20 years ago; 32% say it’s more important, and 17% say it’s about as important as it was 20 years ago.
  • Only 22% say the cost of getting a four-year college degree today is worth it even if someone has to take out loans. Some 47% say the cost is worth it only if someone doesn’t have to take out loans. And 29% say the cost is not worth it.

These findings come amid rising tuition costs and mounting student debt . Views on the cost of college differ by Americans’ level of education. But even among four-year college graduates, only about a third (32%) say college is worth the cost even if someone has to take out loans – though they are more likely than those without a degree to say this.

Four-year college graduates (58%) are much more likely than those without a college degree (26%) to say their education was extremely or very useful in giving them the skills and knowledge they needed to get a well-paying job. (This finding excludes the 9% of respondents who said this question did not apply to them.)

Chart shows 4 in 10 Americans say a college degree is not too or not at all important in order to get a well-paying job

Views on the importance of college differ widely by partisanship. Republicans and Republican-leaning independents are more likely than Democrats and Democratic leaners to say:

  • It’s not too or not at all important to have a four-year college degree in order to get a well-paying job (50% of Republicans vs. 30% of Democrats)
  • A college degree is less important now than it was 20 years ago (57% vs. 43%)
  • It’s extremely or very likely someone without a four-year college degree can get a well-paying job (42% vs. 26%)

At the same time that the public is expressing doubts about the value of college, a new Center analysis of government data finds young adults without a college degree are doing better on some key measures than they have in recent years.

A narrow majority of workers ages 25 to 34 do not have a four-year college degree (54% in 2023). Earnings for these young workers mostly trended downward from the mid-1970s until roughly a decade ago.

Outcomes have been especially poor for young men without a college degree. Other research has shown that this group saw falling labor force participation and sagging earnings starting in the early 1970s , but the last decade has marked a turning point.

This analysis looks at young men and young women separately because of their different experiences in the labor force.

Trends for young men

  • Labor force participation: The share of young men without a college degree who were working or looking for work dropped steadily from 1970 until about 2014. Our new analysis suggests things have stabilized somewhat for this group over the past decade. Meanwhile, labor force participation among young men with a four-year degree has remained mostly flat.
  • Full-time, full-year employment: The share of employed young men without a college degree who are working full time and year-round has varied somewhat over the years – trending downward during recessions. It’s risen significantly since the Great Recession of 2007-09, with the exception of a sharp dip in 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. For employed young men with a college degree, the share working full time, full year has remained more stable over the years.

Chart shows Earnings of young men without a college degree have increased over the past 10 years

  • Median annual earnings: Since 2014, earnings have risen for young men with some college education and for those whose highest attainment is a high school diploma. Even so, earnings for these groups remain below where they were in the early 1970s. Earnings for young men with a bachelor’s degree have also trended up, for the most part, over the past 10 years.
  • Poverty: Among young men without a college degree who are living independently from their parents, the share in poverty has fallen significantly over the last decade. For example, 12% of young men with a high school diploma were living in poverty in 2023, down from a peak of 17% in 2011. The share of young men with a four-year college degree who are in poverty has also fallen and remains below that of noncollege young men.

Trends for young women

  • Labor force participation: The shares of young women with and without a college degree in the labor force grew steadily from 1970 to about 1990. Among those without a college degree, the share fell after 2000, and the drop-off was especially sharp for young women with a high school diploma. Since 2014, labor force participation for both groups of young women has increased.
  • Full-time, full-year employment: The shares of employed young women working full time and year-round, regardless of their educational attainment, have steadily increased over the decades. There was a decline during and after the Great Recession and again (briefly) in 2021 due to the pandemic. Today, the shares of women working full time, full year are the highest they’ve ever been across education levels.

Chart shows Earnings of young women without a college degree have trended up in the past decade

  • Median annual earnings: Median earnings for young women without a college degree were relatively flat from 1970 until about a decade ago. These women did not experience the steady decline in earnings that noncollege young men did over this period. By contrast, earnings have grown over the decades for young women with a college degree. In the past 10 years, earnings for women both with and without a college degree have risen.
  • Poverty: As is the case for young men without a college degree, the share of noncollege young women living in poverty has fallen substantially over the past decade. In 2014, 31% of women with a high school diploma who lived independently from their parents were in poverty. By 2023, that share had fallen to 21%. Young women with a college degree remain much less likely to be in poverty than their counterparts with less education.

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From businesses and banks to colleges and churches: americans’ views of u.s. institutions, fewer young men are in college, especially at 4-year schools, key facts about u.s. latinos with graduate degrees, private, selective colleges are most likely to use race, ethnicity as a factor in admissions decisions, most popular, report materials.

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Announcement of Topic for the Fiscal Year 2025 and 2026 EPSCoR Research Improvement Infrastructure-Focused EPSCoR Collaborations (RII-FEC) Program

Dear Colleagues:

The Focused EPSCoR Collaborations (FEC) program (NSF 24-573) is an EPSCoR Research Infrastructure Improvement (RII) program within the Research Capacity and Competitiveness (RCC) Section of the Office of Integrative Activities. A primary driver of the RII-FEC program is the need to build STEM-driven, interjurisdictional research collaborations with the potential to be nationally and internationally competitive in focus areas consistent with U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) priority program investments and high-priority national challenges ( National Science Foundation 2022-2026 Strategic Plan ).

With the enactment of the CHIPS and Science Act of 2022 , national key critical and emerging technologies , NSF’s key technology focus areas , and the establishment of the NSF Directorate for Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships (TIP), NSF EPSCoR recognizes that entry into the use-inspired space from foundational research requires significant partnerships and infrastructure that may not be equitably accessible to all.

While foundational research aims to perform experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying physical phenomena and observable facts without any particular application or use in view, use-inspired research is work whose rationale, conceptualization, and directions are inspired by potential use cases. Both foundational and use-inspired research are interrelated, in the sense that foundational research develops the knowledge that enables use-inspired questions to be asked, and use-inspired research ultimately develops pathways towards translational research.

Through this DCL, the RII-FEC program intends to provide a mechanism for interjurisdictional research teams to increase their capacity for conducting use-inspired research, by accepting proposals in the following focus area: "Building capacity towards use-inspired research."

Therefore, for the fiscal year 2025 and 2026 RII-FEC competition, RII-FEC invites proposals that are focused on enabling the opportunity for interjurisdictional teams who have been historically conducting foundational research, to extend their work by pursuing related, use-inspired research questions in any area of science, technology, engineering, or mathematics that NSF supports. This work may focus on developing and positioning the research toward a use-inspired approach; building the partnerships necessary to enable this work; or building institutional and multijurisdictional resources across the network to have the support of such efforts. Successful projects are expected to position teams to be competitive in acquiring further funding for use-inspired research activities.

While submissions must address the focus area: “Building capacity towards use-inspired research”, the scientific disciplinary or topical area for submissions is open. Proposals that address the national key critical and emerging technologies or NSF key technology focus areas are particularly encouraged. Proposed research should be motivated by a societal challenge or national need.

Note: The definition of use-inspired research for this DCL includes any topic that advances research and innovation for breakthrough technologies and solutions to national and societal challenges.

PROPOSAL INSTRUCTIONS

Submissions should follow the full guidance in the EPSCoR RII Focused EPSCoR Collaborations (RII-FEC) solicitation (NSF 24-573).

Relevant due dates for funding considerations for this focus area are:

Letter of Intent Due Date(s) (required) (due by 5 p.m. submitting organization’s local time):

  • December 17, 2024
  • December 16, 2025

Full Proposal Deadline(s) (due by 5 p.m. submitting organization’s local time):

  • January 28, 2025
  • January 27, 2026

POINTS OF CONTACT

Alicia J. Knoedler Office Head, Office of Integrative Activities

Organization(s)

  • Office of Integrative Activities (OD/OIA)

Building, Architecture, Outdoors, City, Aerial View, Urban, Office Building, Cityscape

Education Producer

  • Madison, Wisconsin
  • PUBLIC MEDIA/PBS WISCONSIN
  • Public Broadcasting
  • Partially Remote
  • Staff-Full Time
  • Opening at: May 21 2024 at 14:50 CDT
  • Closing at: Jun 4 2024 at 23:55 CDT

Job Summary:

PBS Wisconsin Education's Education Producer develops and produces classroom media for upper elementary and middle school science, social studies, local history and culture, and English Language Arts studies. This may include identifying topics, themes, and/or learning goals, conducting research, writing scripts, interviewing guests, or directing hosts. This position primarily produces in video format, but may also produce interactives, animations, and educational text supports. In this hybrid role you will bring your aesthetic and creative skills to select stories and generate ideas for in-classroom learning media, manage logistics for and lead in the production of that media, and oversee and/or participate in post-production tasks all the way through media publishing. We are looking to fill two Education Producer positions. One position will primarily be focusing on producing science education content, while the other position will focus on Arts and Culture content produced for ELA classrooms. Both producers will be expected to assist with the production of media that focuses on other curricular content areas produced by our team. This position works with colleagues across the educational ecosystem to ensure that the content we create is aligned with educational standards in use in Wisconsin and works with advisors to ensure that the content is accurate and inclusive. This position reports to the Executive Producer of Education.

Responsibilities:

  • 25% Researches and develops production strategy for one or more programs across broadcast and digital platforms
  • 35% Produces, develops, and edits content that may include identifying topics, themes, guests, conducting pre-interviews and/or interviews, writing, and/or integrating content for multimedia platforms
  • 10% Performs daily operational activities for live and pre-recorded content, and may direct the editorial and creative process of production activities
  • 15% Collaborates with other content creators in pre- to post-production processes, prepares materials, and handles logistics for broadcast and/or digital publications
  • 5% Maintains familiarity with studio equipment and/or applicable technology for production
  • 5% May schedule and direct operational activities for content production, including live/recorded studio or field productions
  • 5% Collaborate with project partners, educators, and cross-department units to ensure produced media aligns with agreed upon or desired learning goals.

Institutional Statement on Diversity:

Diversity is a source of strength, creativity, and innovation for UW-Madison. We value the contributions of each person and respect the profound ways their identity, culture, background, experience, status, abilities, and opinion enrich the university community. We commit ourselves to the pursuit of excellence in teaching, research, outreach, and diversity as inextricably linked goals. The University of Wisconsin-Madison fulfills its public mission by creating a welcoming and inclusive community for people from every background - people who as students, faculty, and staff serve Wisconsin and the world. For more information on diversity and inclusion on campus, please visit: Diversity and Inclusion

Preferred Bachelor's Degree in media production and/or science education/ELA curricular areas.

Qualifications:

REQUIRED QUALIFICATIONS - Experience producing video and/or creating educational resources. - Competency in video production; experience with pre-production, production, and/or post-production processes. - Strong written communication skills as needed for the pre-production process. e.g. Script development, curriculum development etc. - Proven ability to translate topics into easily understood material, with an ability to employ engaging, creative approaches. PREFERRED QUALIFICATIONS - Technical cinematography skills, including knowledge of DSLR and/or cinema-style cameras, lenses, and lighting. - Technical knowledge of video editing post-production, including familiarity with Adobe Premiere and motion graphics. - Familiarity communicating topics for learning, familiarity with National or Wisconsin state standards - For the Education Science Producer; experience communicating science topics for learning, familiarity with National or Wisconsin state science standards, and familiarity with environmental education and climate science. - For the Education Arts & Culture Producer, familiarity communicating ELA topics for learning, familiarity with National or Wisconsin state ELA standards, and familiarity with ELA education.

Full Time: 100% This position may require some work to be performed in-person, onsite, at a designated campus work location. Some work may be performed remotely, at an offsite, non-campus work location.

Appointment Type, Duration:

Ongoing/Renewable

Minimum $56,112 ANNUAL (12 months) Depending on Qualifications We expect to pay in the mid to high 50's to low 60's. Actual pay will depend on qualifications.

Additional Information:

The person in this position will be required to comply with the Ethical Guidelines for All Staff of Wisconsin Public Radio and Television located here: https://www.wpr.org/wpr-ethical-guidelines , in addition to the UW-Madison code of ethics. Please note that successful applicants are responsible for ensuring their eligibility to work in the United States (i.e. a citizen or national of the United States, a lawful permanent resident, a foreign national authorized to work in the United States without need of employer sponsorship) on or before the effective date of appointment. #PBS

How to Apply:

The following must be received for your application to be complete: 1) Resume 2) A cover letter detailing your interest in the position, including additional information on any of the required or preferred experience bullet points that connect to your experience and background. 3) A portfolio that includes two to four video pieces that you have worked on. We will also accept other media formats, such as animations, interactives, or other educational media. Choose samples where the intent of the piece is to explain or educate on a topic. Include a paragraph explaining your exact role in creating the resource or media, what aspects you were not directly responsible for or involved in, and what you think is successful about the work. 4) Optional (not required to complete application): Samples of lesson plans or curriculum development, or a cinematography reel. Finalists will be asked to provide a list of at least three professional references with titles, emails, and phone numbers (including at least one supervisory reference). Note that references will not be contacted without your prior knowledge.

Amanda Vinova [email protected] 608-262-0598 Relay Access (WTRS): 7-1-1. See RELAY_SERVICE for further information.

Official Title:

Multimedia Producer II(PB007)

Department(s):

A46-PUBLIC MEDIA/PBS WISCONSIN

Employment Class:

Academic Staff-Renewable

Job Number:

The university of wisconsin-madison is an equal opportunity and affirmative action employer..

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COMMENTS

  1. Journal of Research in Music Education: Sage Journals

    Journal of Research in Music Education is a quarterly, peer-reviewed journal comprising reports of original research related to music teaching and learning. The wide range of topics includes various aspects of music pedagogy, history, and philosophy, and addresses vocal, instrumental, and general music at all levels, from early childhood through adult.

  2. Research Studies in Music Education: Sage Journals

    This internationally peer-reviewed journal, published on behalf of SEMPRE, promotes the dissemination and discussion of high quality research in music and music education. The journal encourages the interrogation and development of a range of research methodologies and their application to diverse topics in music education theory and practice.

  3. Music Educators Journal: Sage Journals

    Published quarterly, Music Educators Journal offers peer-reviewed scholarly and practical articles on music teaching approaches and philosophies, instructional techniques, current trends and issues in music education in schools and communities and the latest in products and services. Average time from submission to first decision: 28 days. View full journal description

  4. Journal of Research in Music Education

    Journal of Research in Music Education is a quarterly, peer-reviewed journal comprising reports of original research related to music teaching and learning. The wide range of topics includes various aspects of music pedagogy, history, and philosophy, and addresses vocal, instrumental, and general music at all levels, from early childhood through adult.

  5. (PDF) Teachers' conceptions of music teaching: A ...

    Revised Aug 19, 2022. Accepted Sep 5, 2022. This article provides an overview of research in music education between. 2010 and 2020 and affords a systematic review of literature related to the ...

  6. Music Education Research

    Music Education Research is an international refereed journal which draws its contributions from a wide community of researchers. The focus is firmly on research, and the journal provides an international forum for cross-cultural investigations and discussions relating to all areas of music education. Music Education Research welcomes articles ...

  7. Editorial: Towards a Meaningful Instrumental Music Education. Methods

    Learning music is a complex, fascinating process that spans an impressive variety of meanings and experiences. The contributions that feature in this Research Topic bring together insights from a range of complementary perspectives to examine in detail how these layers of significance are part of, and shape, instrumental music education.

  8. Research Studies in Music Education

    Research Studies in Music Education is an internationally peer-reviewed journal that promotes the dissemination and discussion of high quality research in music and music education. The journal encourages the interrogation and development of a range of research methodologies and their application to diverse topics in music education theory and practice.

  9. Journal of Research in Music Education

    Journal of Research in Music Education comprises reports of peer-reviewed original research related to music teaching and learning. The wide range of topics includes various aspects of music pedagogy, history, and philosophy, and addresses vocal, instrumental, and general music at all levels, from early childhood through adult.

  10. 120 Music Research Paper Topics

    Music Industry Research Paper Topics: The impact of streaming services on music consumption patterns. The role of social media in promoting and marketing music. The effects of piracy on the music industry. The influence of technology on music production and distribution. The relationship between music and mental health.

  11. The Top 10 Most Interesting Music Research Topics

    Your music research paper could outline some of these factors that affect music consumer behavior and highlight their mechanism of action. 2. Hip-hop Culture and Its Effect on Teenage Behavior. In 2020, hip-hop and RnB had the highest streaming numbers, according to Statista.

  12. Key research in music technology and music teaching and learning

    Abstract. Research on the use of technology in music teaching and learning continues to grow in both quality and quantity. This article summarizes some of the important work since 2000, placing an emphasis on studies completed in the last few years. Both conceptual and philosophical publications are included as well as qualitative and ...

  13. Effective Music Teachers and Effective Music Teaching Today: A ...

    The aim of this review was to examine the research concerning the topic of effective music teachers and teaching, and to define the main features of the figure of the effective music teacher and the effective process of music teaching. ... Italian vocal and instrumental in-service music teachers (n = 24) Mixed research method (a quantitative ...

  14. 500+ Music Research Topics

    500+ Music Research Topics. March 25, 2024. by Muhammad Hassan. Music is a universal language that has the power to evoke emotions, bring people together, and express complex ideas and feelings. As a result, it has been the subject of extensive research and analysis across a wide range of fields, from psychology and neuroscience to sociology ...

  15. Research and Issues in Music Education (RIME)

    Founded in 2005 by Dr. Bruce Gleason at the University of St. Thomas in St. Paul, Minnesota and moving to James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Virginia under the guidance of Dr. David Stringham in 2019, the purpose of Research and Issues in Music Education (RIME) is to provide a forum devoted to thorough research and commentary that energizes, informs, advances, and reforms the practice ...

  16. Teaching content recommendations in music appreciation ...

    One of the most relevant research topics to this problem is music-oriented recommender systems . ... Zhang E, Su B (2022) Research on the teaching of music education in colleges and universities under the reflective teaching dimension. In: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on information and education innovations, pp 77-83.

  17. (PDF) Music Education and Effective Teaching: Perspectives from a

    University of Padova. Abstract. Effective teaching is an essential condition for. fostering learning in instrumental and vocal music. education. The role of the teacher in music lessons. has to be ...

  18. Mapping the possibilities of qualitative research in music education: a

    Increasing numbers of music education researchers have begun to use qualitative methods to examine research topics using interviews, observations, documents, and archival data. In this article, I review qualitative research methodology and its origins and methods, discuss topics that have been studied by music education researchers using ...

  19. 15 Fun Music Topics to Research Ideas for Your Music ...

    Most music topics to research fall under the following broader categories -. Musician of Composer Biography. Music History. Music Theory. Music Genres. Music of a Culture. Stylistic Features of a Genre. Elements of Music Analysis. History of Musical Instruments.

  20. Research Studies in Music Education

    Preview abstract. Restricted access Research article First published July 19, 2023 pp. 164-183. xml GET ACCESS. Table of contents for Research Studies in Music Education, 46, 1, Apr 01, 2024.

  21. TOPICS

    The following is a light summary of my philosophy of music as a social praxis and form of agency. It is intended especially for pre-service students, and for those new to my ouvre, as an overview of many years of advancing praxis rather than aesthetics as the basis for music education. Author: Thomas A. Regelski — University of Helsinki, Finland.

  22. Analysis and research on the influence of music on students' mental

    The research at this stage mainly focuses on the topics of education, academic performance, learning strategies, learning perception and learning outcomes from the perspective of self-construction of psychological learning, while the research topics such as students, knowledge, motivation, science, classroom, mode and differences in learning ...

  23. Musicking Higher Education: An Analysis of the Effects of Music

    Social scientific literature supports the use of music as a pedagogical tool in children for education, camaraderie, and classroom atmosphere, but the concentration of research ends at grade 12. While music is promoted as entertainment, therapy, a focus aid, a relaxation tool, and a way to create community for adults in previous research, in sociological literature we seem to both forget and ...

  24. Singing researchers find cross-cultural patterns in music and language

    Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics. "Singing researchers find cross-cultural patterns in music and language." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 15 May 2024. <www.sciencedaily.com / releases ...

  25. Job market, economic trends for young adults by gender and education

    For young women with a high school diploma, median earnings reached $36,000 in 2023, up from $30,900 in 2014. For those with some college, median earnings rose to $40,000 in 2023 from $37,700 in 2014. For young women with a college degree, median earnings rose steadily from the mid-1980s until the early 2000s.

  26. Americans' views on the value of a college degree

    Differences by age. Young adults stand out in their views on the importance of a college degree today versus in the past. Among those ages 18 to 29, 44% say having a degree is more important today in order to get a well-paying job than it was 20 years ago. By comparison, 29% of those 30 to 49 and 30% of those 50 and older say the same.

  27. Is a College Degree Worth It in 2024?

    Only 22% say the cost of getting a four-year college degree today is worth it even if someone has to take out loans. Some 47% say the cost is worth it only if someone doesn't have to take out loans. And 29% say the cost is not worth it. These findings come amid rising tuition costs and mounting student debt. Views on the cost of college ...

  28. Announcement of Topic for the Fiscal Year 2025 and 2026 EPSCoR Research

    Dear Colleagues: The Focused EPSCoR Collaborations (FEC) program (NSF 24-573) is an EPSCoR Research Infrastructure Improvement (RII) program within the Research Capacity and Competitiveness (RCC) Section of the Office of Integrative Activities. A primary driver of the RII-FEC program is the need to build STEM-driven, interjurisdictional research collaborations with the potential to be ...

  29. Education Producer

    Job Summary: PBS Wisconsin Education's Education Producer develops and produces classroom media for upper elementary and middle school science, social studies, local history and culture, and English Language Arts studies. This may include identifying topics, themes, and/or learning goals, conducting research, writing scripts, interviewing guests, or directing hosts. This position primarily ...

  30. Action Research in Music Education

    Action research and critical theory: empowering music teachers to professionalize praxis. The Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 123, 63—89. Google Scholar. Schmidt, C. (1995). Attributions of success, grade level, and gender as factors in choral students' perceptions of teacher feedback.