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Prize-Winning Thesis and Dissertation Examples

Published on 9 September 2022 by Tegan George . Revised on 6 April 2023.

It can be difficult to know where to start when writing your thesis or dissertation . One way to come up with some ideas or maybe even combat writer’s block is to check out previous work done by other students.

This article collects a list of undergraduate, master’s, and PhD theses and dissertations that have won prizes for their high-quality research.

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Table of contents

Award-winning undergraduate theses, award-winning master’s theses, award-winning ph.d. dissertations.

University : University of Pennsylvania Faculty : History Author : Suchait Kahlon Award : 2021 Hilary Conroy Prize for Best Honors Thesis in World History Title : “Abolition, Africans, and Abstraction: the Influence of the “Noble Savage” on British and French Antislavery Thought, 1787-1807”

University : Columbia University Faculty : History Author : Julien Saint Reiman Award : 2018 Charles A. Beard Senior Thesis Prize Title : “A Starving Man Helping Another Starving Man”: UNRRA, India, and the Genesis of Global Relief, 1943-1947

University: University College London Faculty: Geography Author: Anna Knowles-Smith Award:  2017 Royal Geographical Society Undergraduate Dissertation Prize Title:  Refugees and theatre: an exploration of the basis of self-representation

University: University of Washington Faculty:  Computer Science & Engineering Author: Nick J. Martindell Award: 2014 Best Senior Thesis Award Title:  DCDN: Distributed content delivery for the modern web

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University:  University of Edinburgh Faculty:  Informatics Author:  Christopher Sipola Award:  2018 Social Responsibility & Sustainability Dissertation Prize Title:  Summarizing electricity usage with a neural network

University:  University of Ottawa Faculty:  Education Author:  Matthew Brillinger Award:  2017 Commission on Graduate Studies in the Humanities Prize Title:  Educational Park Planning in Berkeley, California, 1965-1968

University:  University of Ottawa Faculty: Social Sciences Author:  Heather Martin Award:  2015 Joseph De Koninck Prize Title:  An Analysis of Sexual Assault Support Services for Women who have a Developmental Disability

University : University of Ottawa Faculty : Physics Author : Guillaume Thekkadath Award : 2017 Commission on Graduate Studies in the Sciences Prize Title : Joint measurements of complementary properties of quantum systems

University:  London School of Economics Faculty: International Development Author: Lajos Kossuth Award:  2016 Winner of the Prize for Best Overall Performance Title:  Shiny Happy People: A study of the effects income relative to a reference group exerts on life satisfaction

University : Stanford University Faculty : English Author : Nathan Wainstein Award : 2021 Alden Prize Title : “Unformed Art: Bad Writing in the Modernist Novel”

University : University of Massachusetts at Amherst Faculty : Molecular and Cellular Biology Author : Nils Pilotte Award : 2021 Byron Prize for Best Ph.D. Dissertation Title : “Improved Molecular Diagnostics for Soil-Transmitted Molecular Diagnostics for Soil-Transmitted Helminths”

University:  Utrecht University Faculty:  Linguistics Author:  Hans Rutger Bosker Award: 2014 AVT/Anéla Dissertation Prize Title:  The processing and evaluation of fluency in native and non-native speech

University: California Institute of Technology Faculty: Physics Author: Michael P. Mendenhall Award: 2015 Dissertation Award in Nuclear Physics Title: Measurement of the neutron beta decay asymmetry using ultracold neutrons

University:  Stanford University Faculty: Management Science and Engineering Author:  Shayan O. Gharan Award:  Doctoral Dissertation Award 2013 Title:   New Rounding Techniques for the Design and Analysis of Approximation Algorithms

University: University of Minnesota Faculty: Chemical Engineering Author: Eric A. Vandre Award:  2014 Andreas Acrivos Dissertation Award in Fluid Dynamics Title: Onset of Dynamics Wetting Failure: The Mechanics of High-speed Fluid Displacement

University: Erasmus University Rotterdam Faculty: Marketing Author: Ezgi Akpinar Award: McKinsey Marketing Dissertation Award 2014 Title: Consumer Information Sharing: Understanding Psychological Drivers of Social Transmission

University: University of Washington Faculty: Computer Science & Engineering Author: Keith N. Snavely Award:  2009 Doctoral Dissertation Award Title: Scene Reconstruction and Visualization from Internet Photo Collections

University:  University of Ottawa Faculty:  Social Work Author:  Susannah Taylor Award: 2018 Joseph De Koninck Prize Title:  Effacing and Obscuring Autonomy: the Effects of Structural Violence on the Transition to Adulthood of Street Involved Youth

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Full Dissertation Samples and Examples

Students often face difficulty in starting their dissertations. One way to cater to this problem is to look at samples of full dissertations available online. We understand this problem. Therefore, our professionals have curated expert full dissertation examples for students to get inspired by and start working on their own dissertations.

Full Dissertation Sample

Discipline: Economics

Quality: 1st / 78%

Discipline: Business

Quality: 1st / 74%

Discipline: Big Data

Quality: 2:1 / 68%

Undergraduate

Discipline: Engineering Management

Quality: 2:1 / 69%

Discipline: Business Management

Discipline: Project Management

Quality: 1st / 73%

Discipline: Physiotherapy

Quality: 1st / 79%

Discipline: Marketing

Quality: 1st / 76%

Discipline: HRM

Discipline: Civil Engineering

Theism and Ultimate Explanation of the Existence of God” against ….

Dissertation

Extraversion and Occupational Choice

Feeding and resource buffers in ccpm and the impact of their use …..

Project Management

Impact of the Global Financial Crisis 2008-2009 on the UK ….

Material selection for innovative design of automotive component.

Engineering

Cognitive Process of Entrepreneurs in the Examination ….

Entrepreneurship

The Impact of Gender on Purchase Decision and Buying Behaviour ….

The leadership styles of successful project managers …., why manchester united football club has been one of the most successful sports …., investigating the impact of employee engagement on organisational performance…., should countries implement a constitutional court for fundamental rights breaches, optimising global supply chain operations: a collection of undergraduate dissertation samples.

Supply Chain

Newspaper coverage of refugees from Mainland China between 1937 and 1941 in Hong Kong

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What is a Dissertation?

A dissertation is a complex and comprehensive academic project students must complete towards the end of their degree programme. It requires deep independent research on a topic approved by your tutor. A dissertation contains five chapters – introduction, literature review, methodology, discussion, and conclusion. This is the standard structure for a dissertation unless stated otherwise by your tutor or institution.

Writing a Dissertation Proposal

After selecting a topic, the next step is preparing a proposal. A dissertation proposal is a plan or outline of the research you intend to conduct. It gives a background to the topic, lays out your research aims and objectives, and gives details of the research methodology you intend to use.

If your university accepts your proposal, you can start work on the dissertation paper. If it’s not accepted at first, make amendments to the proposal based on your supervisor’s feedback.

Referencing

Referencing is not some little detail at the end of the paper. Without correct referencing, even a brilliant paper can fail miserably. Citing every source accurately is an absolute must.

Don't Neglect Small Details.

Completing a dissertation proves you can carry out something thoroughly. Therefore, you should attend to each part of the dissertation and omit nothing.

Things like creating a table of contents with the page numbers listed, the reference list, and appendices are all parts of a dissertation. They all contribute to your grade. Look at our dissertation samples and writing guides to get a good understanding.

Choosing Your Dissertation Topic

Choosing a dissertation topic is the first step towards writing a dissertation. However, you should make sure the topic is relevant to your degree programme. It should investigate a specific problem and contribute towards the existing literature.

In order to stay motivated throughout the process, the research topic should be in line with your interests. At ResearchProspect, our expert academics can provide you with unique, manageable topics so you can choose one that suits your needs. Whether you’re an undergraduate or postgraduate student, topics from ResearchProspect can go a long way towards helping you achieve your desired grade.

How to Write a Dissertation

Acceptance of your dissertation proposal is the starting signal. Check out our dissertation writing service and look through our thesis samples to grasp the typical writing style.

Structure of a Dissertation

You have a topic and it’s been accepted. Now comes the structure and format. The first chapter will introduce the topic, the second should then explore it deeply and discuss relevant models, frameworks, and concepts.

The third chapter is where you explain your methodology in detail. The fourth and fifth chapters are for discussing the results and concluding the research, respectively.

Our full dissertation samples and writing guides will help you better understand dissertation structure and formatting.

How ResearchProspect Can Help!

Looking for dissertation help? At ResearchProspect, we know how difficult producing a first-class dissertation is. When you have other projects on, it’s particularly demanding.

Head to our order form. You can place your order today. If you’re not ready to commit yet, just message us about your project and what you’re considering. We have experts to write your full dissertation to your requirements.

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What’s Included: The Dissertation Template

If you’re preparing to write your dissertation, thesis or research project, our free dissertation template is the perfect starting point. In the template, we cover every section step by step, with clear, straightforward explanations and examples .

The template’s structure is based on the tried and trusted best-practice format for formal academic research projects such as dissertations and theses. The template structure reflects the overall research process, ensuring your dissertation or thesis will have a smooth, logical flow from chapter to chapter.

The dissertation template covers the following core sections:

• The title page/cover page
• Abstract (sometimes also called the executive summary)
• Table of contents
• List of figures /list of tables
• Chapter 1: Introduction  (also available: in-depth introduction template )
• Chapter 2: Literature review  (also available: in-depth LR template )
• Chapter 3: Methodology (also available: in-depth methodology template )
• Chapter 4: Research findings /results (also available: results template )
• Chapter 5: Discussion /analysis of findings (also available: discussion template )
• Chapter 6: Conclusion (also available: in-depth conclusion template )
• Reference list

Each section is explained in plain, straightforward language , followed by an overview of the key elements that you need to cover within each section. We’ve also included practical examples to help you understand exactly what’s required in each section.

The cleanly-formatted Google Doc can be downloaded as a fully editable MS Word Document (DOCX format), so you can use it as-is or convert it to LaTeX.

FAQs: Dissertation Template

What format is the template (doc, pdf, ppt, etc.).

The dissertation template is provided as a Google Doc. You can download it in MS Word format or make a copy to your Google Drive. You’re also welcome to convert it to whatever format works best for you, such as LaTeX or PDF.

What types of dissertations/theses can this template be used for?

The template follows the standard best-practice structure for formal academic research projects such as dissertations or theses, so it is suitable for the vast majority of degrees, particularly those within the sciences.

Some universities may have some additional requirements, but these are typically minor, with the core structure remaining the same. Therefore, it’s always a good idea to double-check your university’s requirements before you finalise your structure.

Will this work for a research paper?

A research paper follows a similar format, but there are a few differences. You can find our research paper template here .

Is this template for an undergrad, Masters or PhD-level thesis?

This template can be used for a dissertation, thesis or research project at any level of study. It may be slight overkill for an undergraduate-level study, but it certainly won’t be missing anything.

How long should my dissertation/thesis be?

This depends entirely on your university’s specific requirements, so it’s best to check with them. As a general ballpark, Masters-level projects are usually 15,000 – 20,000 words in length, while Doctoral-level projects are often in excess of 60,000 words.

What about the research proposal?

If you’re still working on your research proposal, we’ve got a template for that here .

We’ve also got loads of proposal-related guides and videos over on the Grad Coach blog .

How do I write a literature review?

We have a wealth of free resources on the Grad Coach Blog that unpack how to write a literature review from scratch. You can check out the literature review section of the blog here.

How do I create a research methodology?

We have a wealth of free resources on the Grad Coach Blog that unpack research methodology, both qualitative and quantitative. You can check out the methodology section of the blog here.

Can I share this dissertation template with my friends/colleagues?

Yes, you’re welcome to share this template. If you want to post about it on your blog or social media, all we ask is that you reference this page as your source.

Can Grad Coach help me with my dissertation/thesis?

Within the template, you’ll find plain-language explanations of each section, which should give you a fair amount of guidance. However, you’re also welcome to consider our dissertation and thesis coaching services .

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Dissertation examples

Listed below are some of the best examples of research projects and dissertations from undergraduate and taught postgraduate students at the University of Leeds We have not been able to gather examples from all schools. The module requirements for research projects may have changed since these examples were written. Refer to your module guidelines to make sure that you address all of the current assessment criteria. Some of the examples below are only available to access on campus.

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Dissertation Examples

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Students in the School of Economics at the University of Nottingham consistently produce work of a very high standard in the form of coursework essays, dissertations, research work and policy articles.

Below are some examples of the excellent work produced by some of our students. The authors have agreed for their work to be made available as examples of good practice.

Undergraduate dissertations

• The Causal Impact of Education on Crime Rates: A Recent US Analysis . Emily Taylor, BSc Hons Economics, 2022
• Does a joint income taxation system for married couples disincentivise the female labour supply? Jodie Gollop, BA Hons Economics with German, 2022
• Conditional cooperation between the young and old and the influence of work experience, charitable giving, and social identity . Rachel Moffat, BSc Hons Economics, 2021
• An Extended Literature Review on the Contribution of Economic Institutions to the Great Divergence in the 19th Century . Jessica Richens, BSc Hons Economics, 2021
• Does difference help make a difference? Examining whether young trustees and female trustees affect charities’ financial performance. Chris Hyland, BSc Hons Economics, 2021

Postgraduate dissertations

• The impact of Covid-19 on the public and health expenditure gradient in mortality in England . Alexander Waller, MSc Economic Development & Policy Analysis, 2022
• Impact of the Child Support Grant on Nutritional Outcomes in South Africa: Is there a ‘pregnancy support’ effect? . Claire Lynam, MSc Development Economics, 2022
• An Empirical Analysis of the Volatility Spillovers between Commodity Markets, Exchange Rates, and the Sovereign CDS Spreads of Commodity Exporters . Alfie Fox-Heaton, MSc Financial Economics, 2022
• The 2005 Atlantic Hurricane Season and Labour Market Transitions . Edward Allenby, MSc Economics, 2022
• The scope of international agreements . Sophia Vaaßen, MSc International Economics, 2022

Thank you to all those students who have agreed to have their work showcased in this way.

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Completed dissertation examples.

• School of Health Professions
• Scholarly Writing This link opens in a new window
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• Library Basic Training for Doctoral Students This link opens in a new window
• Dissertation Toolkit Series with the Library This link opens in a new window
• Template Formatting Help This link opens in a new window
• APA 7th Edition Help This link opens in a new window
• Dissertation Database A-Z Databases: Dissertations & Theses
• NU Dissertations ProQuest - Review National University Dissertations & Theses.

Writing a dissertation is a serious and lengthy task, with so many steps to complete, revise, and perfect. The NU Dissertation Template provides a lot of helpful info, but students still often have many questions and need additional guidance.  Seeing completed examples helps a lot.  This guide will help you to access completed NU dissertations in the NU library to inspire and inform your own research and writing.

Accessing completed NU dissertations can help students with the following common issues:

• Finding examples/inspiration for methodology, focus, topic, and other “big-picture” concerns.
• Identifying specifics on length/depth/breadth of each section of the dissertation.
• Seeing examples of formatting in context, such as APA style headings.
• Understanding specific dissertation committee expectations.
• Finding new references on completed reference lists.
• Supporting your peers’ scholarly work by reading their dissertations and participating in the scholarly community.

It’s easy to locate completed NU dissertations in the NU Library!

• Log into NCUOne and click on the NU Library link  - https://resources.nu.edu
• Access the pull-down menu on left entitled “Research Resources” and click on “Find Dissertations”.
• Access the pull-down menu for Vendors/Providers in the top middle of the page and click on “ProQuest”.
• Click on ProQuest Dissertations & Theses @ Northcentral University .

Narrow your search

Once you have located the published NU dissertations, you can narrow your search, just like you would with any other library resource.  Try the following strategies to start:

• Keywords/terms that you are using in your own research.
• General area of focus (for example, “Special Education”).
• Methodological approach (for example, “Phenomenology”).
• Dates (Tip – Consider narrowing your search to only the past 5 years).
• Advisors (Dissertation Chairs).
• Committee members.
• References/citations you plan to use.
• Just like with any other library resource, you can perform an advanced search using a combination of these strategies.
• In addition to the NU dissertations, you may want to consider accessing non-NU dissertations via the general ProQuest link on the pull-down menu (see steps outlined above).  This can be helpful if your topic is extremely specific, if you are very far along in your work, and if you need to broaden your search.

Now that you have accessed the completed NU Dissertations in the NU Library, the possibilities to inspire and guide you in your own work are endless.  Be excited that one day soon, your own dissertation will be published in the NU library!

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Dissertation Research in Education: Dissertations (Examples)

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Selected Dissertations

The dissertations found on this page link to the complete text.  They all  come from graduates of MC's Educational Leadership Program.

• A study of achievement in traditional high schools and the early college high school model in Mississippi by Tammy Cain Smith 2021
• Factors that Affect Teacher Attrition in Southern Mississippi by Monica Chinelle Watts 2021
• Academic and Behavioral Outcomes of Expelled Students After Their Return to the Regular School Setting by Roderick Ramon Henderson 2021
• A Study of the Effects of Teacher Certification on Third Grade Reading Achievement by Clancy A. Freeman 2021
• A Study of the Factors that Influence Secondary Education Teacher Perceptions of Inclusion in the Classroom by Michael Evans 2021
• The Barriers and Challenges Facing Female High School Principals in Mississippi by Dalal Saud Alruwaili 2021
• The Perceptions of Special Education Administrators' Responsibilities and Challenges in Public School Districts in Mississippi by LaTrina F. Baker-Smith 2021
• Traditional and Block Scheduling: A Comparative Study of Student Achievement of English II End-Of-Course Exam Scores and High School English Teachers' Perspectives of Scheduling Models by Jermarcia "Jay" Levy. 2020
• Assigning Quality Homework to Dyslexic Students: A Mixed-Methods Phenomenological Study of Teachers by Sonya Bridges. 2020
• Job Satisfaction: A Study of Teacher Morale in Low and High Performing Schools by LaTondra Shontae Robinson. 2020
• A Study of the Perceptions of Elementary School Principals Toward Speech Language Services in a Mississippi Public School District by Talatha Bingham. 2019
• Women as High School Principals: Perceptions of Mississippi Principals and Superintendents Concerning Barriers and Facilitators for Job Obtainment By Letonia Bailey Johnson. 2019
• Parent Involvement: Perceptions of Parents and Teachers in an Urban School District by LaConda Michelle Arnold. 2018
• Comparing the Shortage of Teachers in the United States and the United Kingdom by Mohammad Alsobaihi. 2017
• Teachers' Perceptions of the Use of Technology in the Classroom and the Effect of Technology on Student Achievement By Sharon Robinson Hoye. 2017
• Comparing Educational Leadership and Conflict Resolution in the United States and Saudi Arabia by Aymen Alqurashi. 2017
• Comparing teacher preparation programs in the United States and Japan by Noah Alharthi. 2016
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Home » Dissertation – Format, Example and Template

Dissertation – Format, Example and Template

Table of Contents

Dissertation

Definition:

Dissertation is a lengthy and detailed academic document that presents the results of original research on a specific topic or question. It is usually required as a final project for a doctoral degree or a master’s degree.

Dissertation Meaning in Research

In Research , a dissertation refers to a substantial research project that students undertake in order to obtain an advanced degree such as a Ph.D. or a Master’s degree.

Dissertation typically involves the exploration of a particular research question or topic in-depth, and it requires students to conduct original research, analyze data, and present their findings in a scholarly manner. It is often the culmination of years of study and represents a significant contribution to the academic field.

Types of Dissertation

Types of Dissertation are as follows:

Empirical Dissertation

An empirical dissertation is a research study that uses primary data collected through surveys, experiments, or observations. It typically follows a quantitative research approach and uses statistical methods to analyze the data.

Non-Empirical Dissertation

A non-empirical dissertation is based on secondary sources, such as books, articles, and online resources. It typically follows a qualitative research approach and uses methods such as content analysis or discourse analysis.

Narrative Dissertation

A narrative dissertation is a personal account of the researcher’s experience or journey. It typically follows a qualitative research approach and uses methods such as interviews, focus groups, or ethnography.

Systematic Literature Review

A systematic literature review is a comprehensive analysis of existing research on a specific topic. It typically follows a qualitative research approach and uses methods such as meta-analysis or thematic analysis.

Case Study Dissertation

A case study dissertation is an in-depth analysis of a specific individual, group, or organization. It typically follows a qualitative research approach and uses methods such as interviews, observations, or document analysis.

Mixed-Methods Dissertation

A mixed-methods dissertation combines both quantitative and qualitative research approaches to gather and analyze data. It typically uses methods such as surveys, interviews, and focus groups, as well as statistical analysis.

How to Write a Dissertation

Here are some general steps to help guide you through the process of writing a dissertation:

• Choose a topic : Select a topic that you are passionate about and that is relevant to your field of study. It should be specific enough to allow for in-depth research but broad enough to be interesting and engaging.
• Conduct research : Conduct thorough research on your chosen topic, utilizing a variety of sources, including books, academic journals, and online databases. Take detailed notes and organize your information in a way that makes sense to you.
• Create an outline : Develop an outline that will serve as a roadmap for your dissertation. The outline should include the introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion.
• Write the introduction: The introduction should provide a brief overview of your topic, the research questions, and the significance of the study. It should also include a clear thesis statement that states your main argument.
• Write the literature review: The literature review should provide a comprehensive analysis of existing research on your topic. It should identify gaps in the research and explain how your study will fill those gaps.
• Write the methodology: The methodology section should explain the research methods you used to collect and analyze data. It should also include a discussion of any limitations or weaknesses in your approach.
• Write the results: The results section should present the findings of your research in a clear and organized manner. Use charts, graphs, and tables to help illustrate your data.
• Write the discussion: The discussion section should interpret your results and explain their significance. It should also address any limitations of the study and suggest areas for future research.
• Write the conclusion: The conclusion should summarize your main findings and restate your thesis statement. It should also provide recommendations for future research.
• Edit and revise: Once you have completed a draft of your dissertation, review it carefully to ensure that it is well-organized, clear, and free of errors. Make any necessary revisions and edits before submitting it to your advisor for review.

Dissertation Format

The format of a dissertation may vary depending on the institution and field of study, but generally, it follows a similar structure:

• Title Page: This includes the title of the dissertation, the author’s name, and the date of submission.
• Abstract : A brief summary of the dissertation’s purpose, methods, and findings.
• Table of Contents: A list of the main sections and subsections of the dissertation, along with their page numbers.
• Introduction : A statement of the problem or research question, a brief overview of the literature, and an explanation of the significance of the study.
• Literature Review : A comprehensive review of the literature relevant to the research question or problem.
• Methodology : A description of the methods used to conduct the research, including data collection and analysis procedures.
• Results : A presentation of the findings of the research, including tables, charts, and graphs.
• Discussion : A discussion of the implications of the findings, their significance in the context of the literature, and limitations of the study.
• Conclusion : A summary of the main points of the study and their implications for future research.
• References : A list of all sources cited in the dissertation.
• Appendices : Additional materials that support the research, such as data tables, charts, or transcripts.

Dissertation Outline

Dissertation Outline is as follows:

Title Page:

• Title of dissertation
• Author name
• Institutional affiliation
• Date of submission
• Brief summary of the dissertation’s research problem, objectives, methods, findings, and implications
• Usually around 250-300 words

Table of Contents:

• List of chapters and sections in the dissertation, with page numbers for each

I. Introduction

• Background and context of the research
• Research problem and objectives
• Significance of the research

II. Literature Review

• Overview of existing literature on the research topic
• Identification of gaps in the literature
• Theoretical framework and concepts

III. Methodology

• Research design and methods used
• Data collection and analysis techniques
• Ethical considerations

IV. Results

• Presentation and analysis of data collected
• Findings and outcomes of the research
• Interpretation of the results

V. Discussion

• Discussion of the results in relation to the research problem and objectives
• Evaluation of the research outcomes and implications
• Suggestions for future research

VI. Conclusion

• Summary of the research findings and outcomes
• Implications for the research topic and field
• Limitations and recommendations for future research

VII. References

• List of sources cited in the dissertation

VIII. Appendices

• Additional materials that support the research, such as tables, figures, or questionnaires.

Example of Dissertation

Here is an example Dissertation for students:

Title : Exploring the Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Academic Achievement and Well-being among College Students

This dissertation aims to investigate the impact of mindfulness meditation on the academic achievement and well-being of college students. Mindfulness meditation has gained popularity as a technique for reducing stress and enhancing mental health, but its effects on academic performance have not been extensively studied. Using a randomized controlled trial design, the study will compare the academic performance and well-being of college students who practice mindfulness meditation with those who do not. The study will also examine the moderating role of personality traits and demographic factors on the effects of mindfulness meditation.

Chapter Outline:

Chapter 1: Introduction

• Background and rationale for the study
• Research questions and objectives
• Significance of the study
• Overview of the dissertation structure

Chapter 2: Literature Review

• Definition and conceptualization of mindfulness meditation
• Theoretical framework of mindfulness meditation
• Empirical research on mindfulness meditation and academic achievement
• Empirical research on mindfulness meditation and well-being
• The role of personality and demographic factors in the effects of mindfulness meditation

Chapter 3: Methodology

• Research design and hypothesis
• Participants and sampling method
• Intervention and procedure
• Measures and instruments
• Data analysis method

Chapter 4: Results

• Descriptive statistics and data screening
• Analysis of main effects
• Analysis of moderating effects
• Post-hoc analyses and sensitivity tests

Chapter 5: Discussion

• Summary of findings
• Implications for theory and practice
• Limitations and directions for future research
• Conclusion and contribution to the literature

Chapter 6: Conclusion

• Recap of the research questions and objectives
• Summary of the key findings
• Contribution to the literature and practice
• Implications for policy and practice
• Final thoughts and recommendations.

References :

List of all the sources cited in the dissertation

Appendices :

Additional materials such as the survey questionnaire, interview guide, and consent forms.

Note : This is just an example and the structure of a dissertation may vary depending on the specific requirements and guidelines provided by the institution or the supervisor.

How Long is a Dissertation

The length of a dissertation can vary depending on the field of study, the level of degree being pursued, and the specific requirements of the institution. Generally, a dissertation for a doctoral degree can range from 80,000 to 100,000 words, while a dissertation for a master’s degree may be shorter, typically ranging from 20,000 to 50,000 words. However, it is important to note that these are general guidelines and the actual length of a dissertation can vary widely depending on the specific requirements of the program and the research topic being studied. It is always best to consult with your academic advisor or the guidelines provided by your institution for more specific information on dissertation length.

Applications of Dissertation

Here are some applications of a dissertation:

• Advancing the Field: Dissertations often include new research or a new perspective on existing research, which can help to advance the field. The results of a dissertation can be used by other researchers to build upon or challenge existing knowledge, leading to further advancements in the field.
• Career Advancement: Completing a dissertation demonstrates a high level of expertise in a particular field, which can lead to career advancement opportunities. For example, having a PhD can open doors to higher-paying jobs in academia, research institutions, or the private sector.
• Publishing Opportunities: Dissertations can be published as books or journal articles, which can help to increase the visibility and credibility of the author’s research.
• Personal Growth: The process of writing a dissertation involves a significant amount of research, analysis, and critical thinking. This can help students to develop important skills, such as time management, problem-solving, and communication, which can be valuable in both their personal and professional lives.
• Policy Implications: The findings of a dissertation can have policy implications, particularly in fields such as public health, education, and social sciences. Policymakers can use the research to inform decision-making and improve outcomes for the population.

When to Write a Dissertation

Here are some situations where writing a dissertation may be necessary:

• Pursuing a Doctoral Degree: Writing a dissertation is usually a requirement for earning a doctoral degree, so if you are interested in pursuing a doctorate, you will likely need to write a dissertation.
• Conducting Original Research : Dissertations require students to conduct original research on a specific topic. If you are interested in conducting original research on a topic, writing a dissertation may be the best way to do so.
• Advancing Your Career: Some professions, such as academia and research, may require individuals to have a doctoral degree. Writing a dissertation can help you advance your career by demonstrating your expertise in a particular area.
• Contributing to Knowledge: Dissertations are often based on original research that can contribute to the knowledge base of a field. If you are passionate about advancing knowledge in a particular area, writing a dissertation can help you achieve that goal.
• Meeting Academic Requirements : If you are a graduate student, writing a dissertation may be a requirement for completing your program. Be sure to check with your academic advisor to determine if this is the case for you.

Purpose of Dissertation

some common purposes of a dissertation include:

• To contribute to the knowledge in a particular field : A dissertation is often the culmination of years of research and study, and it should make a significant contribution to the existing body of knowledge in a particular field.
• To demonstrate mastery of a subject: A dissertation requires extensive research, analysis, and writing, and completing one demonstrates a student’s mastery of their subject area.
• To develop critical thinking and research skills : A dissertation requires students to think critically about their research question, analyze data, and draw conclusions based on evidence. These skills are valuable not only in academia but also in many professional fields.
• To demonstrate academic integrity: A dissertation must be conducted and written in accordance with rigorous academic standards, including ethical considerations such as obtaining informed consent, protecting the privacy of participants, and avoiding plagiarism.
• To prepare for an academic career: Completing a dissertation is often a requirement for obtaining a PhD and pursuing a career in academia. It can demonstrate to potential employers that the student has the necessary skills and experience to conduct original research and make meaningful contributions to their field.
• To develop writing and communication skills: A dissertation requires a significant amount of writing and communication skills to convey complex ideas and research findings in a clear and concise manner. This skill set can be valuable in various professional fields.
• To demonstrate independence and initiative: A dissertation requires students to work independently and take initiative in developing their research question, designing their study, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. This demonstrates to potential employers or academic institutions that the student is capable of independent research and taking initiative in their work.
• To contribute to policy or practice: Some dissertations may have a practical application, such as informing policy decisions or improving practices in a particular field. These dissertations can have a significant impact on society, and their findings may be used to improve the lives of individuals or communities.
• To pursue personal interests: Some students may choose to pursue a dissertation topic that aligns with their personal interests or passions, providing them with the opportunity to delve deeper into a topic that they find personally meaningful.

Advantage of Dissertation

Some advantages of writing a dissertation include:

• Developing research and analytical skills: The process of writing a dissertation involves conducting extensive research, analyzing data, and presenting findings in a clear and coherent manner. This process can help students develop important research and analytical skills that can be useful in their future careers.
• Demonstrating expertise in a subject: Writing a dissertation allows students to demonstrate their expertise in a particular subject area. It can help establish their credibility as a knowledgeable and competent professional in their field.
• Contributing to the academic community: A well-written dissertation can contribute new knowledge to the academic community and potentially inform future research in the field.
• Improving writing and communication skills : Writing a dissertation requires students to write and present their research in a clear and concise manner. This can help improve their writing and communication skills, which are essential for success in many professions.
• Increasing job opportunities: Completing a dissertation can increase job opportunities in certain fields, particularly in academia and research-based positions.

About the author

Muhammad Hassan

Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer

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Ph.D. in Global Leadership

Sample Dissertations

Recent dissertations, dr. stephanie thum, 2024.

Entangled: A Phenomenological Study of U.S. Federal Government International Trade Administrative Leaders’ Lived Experiences With Red Tape

This study explored how 10 non-elected U.S. government administrative leaders with extremely complex global leadership roles describe their experiences with red tape at work. Many people intuitively understand red tape as a metaphor associated with hassle in their interactions with government. Red tape also comes with a scholarly theory that centers on arcane, costly, and burdensome processes and rules that consume an organization’s resources but serve no necessary purpose. Thirty years of research connects red tape and its related concepts of burden, regulation, and sludge to inefficiency and negative human experiences. Quantitative evidence shows red tape persists. Therefore, one might presume administrative leaders wish to tackle red tape. After all, government administrative leaders are supposed to work in customer-minded, serviceoriented ways. However, red tape can also serve a protective purpose and administrative leaders must also protect taxpayer interests. A leadership challenge emerges when one considers leader success is based on program uptake, but red tape can keep eligible people from participating in government. Scholars continually discuss whether political or elected leaders are mainly responsible for red tape. One voice that has been missing in scholarship is that of administrative leaders themselves and how they experience red tape in their jobs. This study aimed to fill that gap. Four themes surfaced: boundary-spanning, pragmatism in leading, risk-based leadership choices, and most-cited red tape origination points. Ultimately, this research may inform leadership development decisions and customer and employee experience policies in government administration, thereby contributing to more efficient government services for all.

Dr. Christopher D. Logan, 2024

The Lived Work Experiences of African American/Black Male Full-time Faculty at Midwestern Community Colleges

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the lived work experiences of African American/Black male full-time faculty at Midwestern community colleges. Narrative inquiry was used as the design in this study. The data reflects the national statistics indicating the low number of African/American Black male full-time faculty employed at community colleges in the Midwestern region of the United States. The focus of the study is how implicit bias, explicit bias/racism, and stereotyping manifest themselves in day-to-day interactions amongst faculty, administrators, students, and the overall environment within community colleges. The study participants were selected based on gender, ethnicity, community college classification (i.e. rural, urban, or suburban), age range, and years of service. The method of data collection used in this study was through semi-structured interviews, and field notes. Critical race theory (CRT) was utilized as the theoretical framework. CRT explores culture and society, in relation to power, law, and race (Dixson, & Rousseau Anderson, 2018; Price, 2010). CRT is based on “an assumption that racism is not a series of isolated acts, but an epidemic in American life, deeply ingrained legally, culturally, and even psychologically” and offers a “a challenge to traditional claims of neutrality, objectivity, colorblindness, and meritocracy as camouflages for the self-interest of dominant groups in American society” (Job, 2009, p. 83).

The inquiry into this research phenomenon is based on the existence of fear and frustration with African American/Black male full-time faculty members at these institutions of higher education. The results of this study may be beneficial as a future guide to institutions of higher education that seek to implement practices that will help them become more viable global entities.

Dr. Stephen J. Shoda, 2024

Moral Imagination in Aerospace Risk Decision Making: “Houston, We’ve Had a Problem!”

The global aerospace industry performs countless risk decisions every day. These decisions are generally mundane and their correctness trusted upon by stakeholders. As in any human endeavor, there have been several aerospace tragedies. As the industry expands globally, the risk potential for poor decision outcomes expands. Applied global leadership research may provide insights for risk reduction. This applied research study, utilizing Patricia Werhane’s (2008) business ethics theory of moral imagination, synergizes her moral managerial decision-making theory with contextual intelligence model (Kutz, 2017), triune ethics meta-theory (Narvaez, 2016), and responsible leadership theory (Miska & Mendenhall, 2018). Additionally, an understanding of moral virtues was derived from Pine (2022) as a guide for deconstructing moral content from the participants; lived experiences. This multidisciplinary approach holistically combined the theories to reach a deeper understanding of aerospace risk decision-making. The theoretical framework may serve as a basis for other research into moral imagination. A phenomenological research methodology (Creswell & Poth, 2018), informed by the descriptive phenomenological design in psychology (Giorgi, 2009), evaluated moral imagination from a global leadership research perspective. Eight participants provided lived experiences. Eight themes emerged from the analysis. The themes for aerospace leaders from this research were a) safety first, b) issues need identified and addressed in their earliest stages, c) compliance needs achieved while operations need kept moving, d) organizations need viewed as a work in progress, e) discordant moral and ethical behaviors often emerge during problem solving, f) use facts and data when developing solutions and courses of planned action, g) aerospace leaders embody a personal conviction for others safety, and h) aerospace leaders must establish and consistently practice their moral codes. It is intended that the outcomes of this study are useful for applied research in moral imagination and informing recommendations for global aerospace policies on risk decision making. 

Dr. Scott Schaller, 2024

A Case Study Exploring the Influence of Education Agents on Indian Students Pursuing Master’s Programs at Universities in the United States

International student recruitment has become a major priority for universities, especially in the United States. With an uptick in international student enrollment expected, higher education institutions are having to compete for international students on a global scale. The current study explores the influence of education agents on Indian students pursuing their master’s degrees from universities in the United States. This study is guided by a theoretical framework comprised of the push-pull theory, model of student choice, and the college choice process model. Through a case study design, the analysis of semi-structured interviews revealed how participants perceived the influence of education agents during the search phase, while on campus, and when it came to further understanding the U.S. culture. This led to the development of two core themes that revealed Indian students perceived education agents as integral resources and were beneficial but with some shortcomings. Universities could use the findings of the current study to help advance the effectiveness of their international student recruitment efforts by communicating additional support for education agents and international students. The study’s findings help advance global leadership by expanding knowledge of the influence that education agents have on international students’ understanding of U.S. culture and capturing universities’ ability to support international recruitment objectives.

Dr. Deirdre Hendersen, 2023

A Narrative Inquiry into the Influence of a Global Mindset of Women in Leadership in Black Greek Letter Sororities

The purpose of the study was to explore the lived experiences of women leaders in Black Greek Letter sororities and how a global mindset informed their leadership. Data collection was conducted using one-on-one interviews. This study provides suggestions on how global leadership and developing a global mindset can enhance opportunities for the organization to expand globally. This study will hopefully influence the conversation about the lack of research on the role of leadership in Black Greek Letter Organizations (BGLO). The emphasis on global leadership and global mindset of BGLO leaders can have a positive impact on its members and other stakeholders. Followership and transformational leadership theories were the theoretical frameworks employed to guide this study. The following themes and sub-themes emerged from the data: (a) challenges, (b) leadership, (c) follower, (d) education and sub-themes (1) transformation, (2) global mindset. This research hopefully provides a platform for addressing major gaps on women’s leadership and the benefits of serving in Black Greek Letter Sororities.

Dr. Jeffrey H. Witte, 2023

Leadership Practices That Promote the Delivery of Customer Satisfaction With Police Services in a Diverse, Multicultural Environment: A Case Study Through the Perspective of Distributed Leadership

A qualitative case study with the Yonkers (New York) Police Department utilized semi-structured interviews and a review of relevant documents and media. Yonkers is one of the most diverse cities in the state and the region, with 31% of residents foreign-born, 46% of households speaking a foreign language, and a school district comprised of students from 100 different cultures and nationalities. Theoretical thematic analysis identified interactions between leaders, followers, and situations that contributed to delivering customer satisfaction and procedural justice. Themes determined through data analysis are: (a) A positive tone and supportive environment from police and city leaders promotes the delivery of customer satisfaction by police officers, (b) Peer officer interaction is the strongest influence in promoting the delivery of customer satisfaction by police officers, (c) Police and city leaders are conduits for gathering information from customers and disseminating it to the police officers who deliver service to the customers, (d) A synthesis of departmental activities, policies, and tools (technology) promotes the delivery of customer satisfaction by police officers, and (e) A variety of departmental performance measures ensure (or promote) the delivery of customer satisfaction by police officers. In addition to identifying interactions within the leader-follower-situation framework, the study led to the creation of a revised model of distributed leadership, which more accurately represents the structure of police agencies. While the study is limited by a relatively small sample size, it demonstrates the viability of the distributed leadership model in understanding how leadership practices evolve within police agencies. The distributed leadership framework provides police leaders with a new way of looking at departmental dynamics and allows them to better understand how and why police officers perform in accomplishing department goals and objectives, so that productive interactions can be fostered, expanded upon, and rewarded.

Dr. Nikki Pham, 2023

Cultivating Global Leaders: A Critical Examination of the Mediating Role of Campus Climate in Asian American College Student Leadership Development

The disparity between Asian Americans’ high level degree attainment and underrepresentation in executive offices suggests that Asian American college students are achieving academically, but somewhere along the journey from college to career they are missing the connections that will transform them into global leaders. In order to prepare Asian American college students to ascend to positions of global leadership, it is imperative that collegiate student leadership development programming is informed by an understanding of how experiences with racism influence the student leadership development process. This mixed methods study addressed gaps in higher education and global leadership studies by furthering understanding of the collegiate experiences and perceptions of the diverse and complex Asian American college student population, and by examining how critical approaches to the statistical analysis of quantitative Asian American college student experience data may provide further insight into their experiences and leadership development process. The findings from this three-part study showed that: (1) campus climate partially mediated the relationship between student experiences and leadership outcomes for Asian American college students, (2) there was not an association between racism-related stress and leadership self-efficacy for Asian American college students, and (3) Asian American college students perceive or experienced racial stress in their college experiences and that Asian American college students’ leadership self-concept was informed by perceptions or experiences with racial stress in their college experiences.

Dr. Melissa Roberts, 2023

Courageous Followership in Student Affairs: An Exploration of Women Serving in Dual Roles as Leaders and Followers

Higher education within the U.S. has become increasingly complex over the past few decades. In a field where the majority of those working within student affairs departments are women, there is little research on the experiences of women serving in these roles. More specifically, there is little research on women serving in dual roles as leaders and followers while working with international students. This study explored the lived experiences of women existing in dual roles as leaders and followers within complex higher education student affairs environments while working with international students. The study sought to provide currently absent insight into the experiences of women working in such complex environments with multicultural student populations, which may assist other women as they navigate their roles working with similarly diverse student populations. The theoretical framework for this study consisted of courageous followership (Chaleff, 2009) and Maslow’s (1943) Hierarchy of Needs. The central research question that guided this qualitative study was: How do women in dual roles of leader and follower describe their experiences as courageous followers in complex higher education student affairs environments while working with international students? The following themes emerged from the research findings: (1) creating community and contributing to increased intercultural awareness for the global good; (2) advocating for and centering students who may not have a voice or seat at the table; (3) changing staff roles in light of the global pandemic, external climate shifts, and the international student population needs; and (4) maintaining awareness of current world events in order to empathize and best support international students.

Dr. Keith Wallace, 2023

A Phenomenological Study Exploring U.S College Students’ Study Abroad Experiences: Understanding Self-Leadership Through Initiators and Outcomes of Transformative Learning

As globalized industries evolve, leaders of today and tomorrow will need multifaceted skills for multilayered engagement in an international environment. One method to develop competencies built for a global setting is study abroad, where U.S. colleges embed students in a travel context beyond classroom walls and borders. Study abroad is made up of pre-departure, in-destination, and reentry that remains less understood across U.S. colleges yet may produce a transformative learning experience. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of U.S. college study abroad students during the reentry phase. Specifically, this study sought to understand initiators and outcomes of transformative learning in selfleadership development after studying abroad. The following 10 deductive themes and two deductive subthemes emerged: (a) Lacking languages in the United States, (b) Viewing my world in a new lens, (c) Realizing a great sense of empowerment, (d) Catching the travel bug, (e) Seeking transformative lessons, (f) Open mindedness through experiential learning, (g) More inclusivity for a diversified community, (h) Going global for new professional practices, (i) Increased capacity for complexity, and (j) Understanding complexity eases pressure. The two subthemes were (a) Leading with a shifted worldview and (b) Refining leadership with a new worldview. Disorientation profiles were also created for each participant. Findings revealed that initiators of transformative learning took place through disorienting experiences as well as transformative outcomes were realized by students after reentry. The findings of the study have identified for the first time in research the developed frameworks of transformative learning theory, the disorientation index and typology of transformative outcomes, as a functional combined tool to understand initiators and outcomes of transformative learning. These findings may assist international educators, multinational businesses, and global leaders of today and tomorrow.

Dr. Marcus McChristian, 2023

A Qualitative Study Exploring the Cultural Adaptation of U.S. Diplomatic Leaders Working in Africa

The United States government relies upon diplomatic leaders to promote and protect the interest of U.S. citizens all over the world. To successfully carry out these duties, diplomatic leaders are required to establish, build, and maintain relationships with individuals who often have different beliefs, standards, and opinions about how policies and decisions are made. U.S. diplomatic leaders must be able to integrate themselves culturally while managing unavoidable conflict. This study provides information about diplomatic leaders’ conflict management style choices while working in Africa, the most culturally diverse continent in the world. Diplomatic leaders’ ability to integrate into these new cultures and manage conflict while working in African environments often determines their capability to successfully lead host-country nationals and work with local government officials to accomplish U.S. foreign policy agenda.

Dissertation Archive

Dr. philip smith, 2022.

Bahamian Police Leadership and Organizational Culture through a Transformational Leadership Lens

Bahamian leadership throughout history has needed to create a culture of efficiency at fighting global crime (United States Embassy Nassau, 2014). The purpose of this inductive qualitative case study was to understand the organizational culture of the Bahamian Police force as attendees of the International Law Enforcement Academy (ILEA) leadership training. This study explored the organizational culture of participants who graduated from ILEA training and non-attendees. This study explored how leaders within the Royal Bahamian Police force (RBPF) may have influenced organizational traditions and practices. This study employed an inductive qualitative case study methodology that utilized purposive non-probability sampling.Semistructured interviews with open-ended questions provided the narrative data while the ILEA training module and RBPF website provided the supporting evidence. The interview questions explored participant perceptions of leadership behaviors within the RBPF. This study applied a transformational leadership theory lens to describe the Royal Bahamian police organizational culture. Findings revealed that the RBPF leaders had created change within their organizational culture to reflect transformational leadership theory.

Dr. Katie Parrish, 2022

Mainstream Preservice Teachers Perceived Readiness in Knowledge, Skills, and Dispositions to Educate English Learners

This study investigated how mainstream preservice teachers in educator preparation programs (EPPs) in the State of Indiana feel they are ready to meet the growing EL population’s needs. Further, the study investigated how EPP faculty perceive the readiness to educate ELs of the mainstream preservice teachers they prepare. Additionally, this study compared how mainstream preservice teachers and EPP faculty perceive the readiness to educate ELs in knowledge, skills, and dispositions. Using a quantitative, nonexperimental comparative approach, this study explicitly describes how mainstream preservice teachers perceive their readiness to educate ELs’ knowledge, skills, and dispositions. Past literature supports the increase in the EL population, the achievement gap between ELs and their non-EL peers, and a despairing representation of mainstream teachers who hold EL certification to support the academic growth of this increasing population of learners. The results of this study identify the perception of readiness of mainstream preservice teachers and the perception of readiness as evaluated by EPP faculty for the mainstream preservice teachers they prepare in knowledge, skills, and dispositions to educate ELs. Overall, the results showed that mainstream preservice teachers and EPP faculty do not perceive the mainstream preservice teachers ready to educate ELs. The results were the same for the areas of knowledge, skills, and dispositions. The current findings, grounded in the complexity leadership theory, support the notion that EPPs are complex adaptive systems and must respond to the need to integrate EL coursework throughout educator preparation programs to prepare mainstream preservice teachers to educate ELs effectively upon program completion.

Dr. Priscilla Deleon, 2022

A Case Study of Global Leadership in Allied Health: Supporting the Enhancement of Employees’ Engagement and Job Satisfaction

Global allied health leaders play a key role in promoting health and wellbeing for their employees. This study contributes to exploring how global leaders in allied health support employees’ job satisfaction and levels of engagement. This study used a qualitative methodology, employing a case study research design to explore servant leadership and allied health leaders; specifically, whether servant leadership plays a role in job satisfaction and employee engagement. The main component of the theoretical framework used for this study was Greenleaf’s (1970) servant leadership. The findings of this study offered five themes that emerged from the data: importance of leadership, listening and communication, building teams to be successful, job satisfaction and making a difference on the job, and professional development increases job satisfaction. The results of this study may create an opportunity for global allied health leaders to explore whether the characteristics of a servant leader can support employee engagement and job satisfaction in allied health fields

Dr. Saju Alex, 2022

A Phenomenological Study Exploring Global IT Companies in India: Lessons of Experiences on Sustainability

This qualitative study aimed to understand how sustainability leaders in India’s Information Technology (IT) industry perceived the sustainability leader development phenomenon. The four concepts constructed the theoretical framework for the study were: (1) leadership development, (2) sustainability, (3) values-based leadership, and (4) moral development. In addition, the study was framed by a constructivist paradigm, utilizing descriptive phenomenological methodology. The purposeful sampling criteria outlined by Moustakas (1994) were used for participant selection. Ten participants who worked in senior-level management positions at different IT companies and had experience in sustainability ranging from four to eleven years were selected. The data was collected through informal and interactive interviews using open-ended questions.The data were analyzed according to the transcendental phenomenological analysis processes Moustakas (1994) recommended. As a result, seven themes emerged from the participants’ textural descriptions of how they experienced the phenomenon: (1) leadership development, (2) workforce/professional development, (3) global competitiveness, (4) vision and values, (4) sustainability strategies/development, (6) organizational culture, and (7) it’s all about economics. The findings contributed to scholarship an understanding of sustainability leadership development and corroborated global leadership. However, the participants did not comment enough on the environment and social components of sustainable development to emerge as significant themes. As I pointed out, future research should focus on how or why the disconnect came about?

Dr. Kimberly Lehman, 2022

Immigration as an Antecedent for Changes in Leadership Behavior: A Study of How Buddhist Leaders’ Immigration from Myanmar to Indiana Affected Their Self-reported Leadership Behaviors

This qualitative, phenomenological study examined the perceptions of Buddhist leaders to understand if and how these leaders perceived their own leadership behaviors changed as a result of immigrating from Myanmar to Indiana. Between 2006 and 2014, there have been more than7,000 Buddhists who have immigrated to Indiana largely because of civil war and unrest in their home country (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], n.d.). This substantial migration of refugees has led to the building of several new Buddhist facilities to support their transition. This study used Liden et al.’s (2008) model of servant leadership as a theoretical framework to better understand this phenomenon. This model of servant leadership includes antecedents, behaviors, and outcomes as a framework to examine the process of servant leadership. The model is appropriate for instances with varying antecedent conditions and in this study, the antecedents of context and culture changed when Buddhist leaders immigrated from Myanmar to Indiana. The data set for this study was a group of six Buddhist leaders who immigrated from Myanmar to Indiana and who are leading congregations in Indiana. The qualitative data for this study was gathered via semistructured interviews with Buddhist leaders who met the requirements outlined in this dissertation with an aim to understand these leaders’ self-perceptions of changes in leadership behaviors. The qualitative data obtained in the interviews was analyzed to understand which, if any, of the seven servant leadership behaviors outlined in Liden et al.’s (2008) model of servant leadership changed and, if so, how they changed. This study contributed to a better understanding of immigrant leader behaviors and servant leadership behaviors in international populations whose context and culture for leading changed as a result of immigrating to a new country. The study also has local significance for Indiana’s religious leaders (Buddhist as well as other faiths), civic leaders, and refugee populations.

Dr. Lizzie Bronte, 2022

A Phenomenological Study Exploring the Lived Experiences of Women Leaders in Information Technology in Nairobi, Kenya

There have been few studies on the experiences of African women in leadership and minimal research in the field of technology. While the number of women in leadership has steadily increased across most industries, this has not occurred in the information technology (IT) industry, especially in the continent of Africa. The IT industry has had slow growth in women’s progression into leadership positions. Studies that examine women and career advancement in technology note barriers to women’s development, including gender bias, lack of interest by women after midcareer, rapidly changing IT trends, lack of trust by male leaders, and cultural biases towards women leaders; these barriers explain the global shortage of women as IT leaders (e.g., Madsen, 2017; Sample, 2018). This qualitative phenomenological study aimed to explore the lived experiences of women leaders who work in IT companies in Kenya. This study explored the characteristics of African women’s lived experiences in their roles as leaders in a volatile and complex IT environment. The study explored the challenges encountered through their journey and how they overcame these challenges, including the support they may have received that enabled them along the way. The researcher used ten broad questions to explore women’s lived experiences in Kenya. The research findings validated the literature in certain areas and revealed opportunities for future research in unexpected places. In Kenya, women leaders in IT were a minority who experienced gender bias due to patriarchal beliefs and cultural expectations for women, inequalities, and prejudice in a male-dominated industry. An unexpected finding of imposter syndrome revealed that women limited themselves due to their beliefs of not being good enough to compete with men. Overcoming these challenges required proactive behaviors such as developing competence, mentoring, and networking with men and women to understand and excel in the workplace.

Dr. Henry King, 2022

A Case Study Exploring How Culturally Intelligent Transformational Higher Education Leaders Foster Organizational Innovations in a Multicultural Student Environment

The purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore how higher education leaders at a public university in the Southeast United States employed cultural intelligence and transformational leadership to successfully foster organizational innovations to adapt to their growing multicultural student context. The objective of this study was to gain knowledge of how the university’s cultural intelligence transformational higher education leadership phenomenon worked from a holistic process perspective. Transformational leadership theory was introduced and applied as the theoretical framework for the study, while the cultural intelligence theory and organizational innovations concepts were used to support the theoretical framework. The researcher collected in-depth and rich empirical data from 10 higher education leaders at the public university using unstructured open-ended questions through Zoom one-on-one virtual interviews. The researcher also collected data from artifacts such as the university’s strategic plan documents, annual student success reports, transcribed podcasts, and student success book. The following five themes emerged from the robust thematic analysis and triangulation strategy: (a) employ internal and external motivational drivers, (b) employ the ability to strategically adapt, (c) positive influence on self-confidence and affective commitment, (d) employ cultural intelligence, transformational leadership practices, and (e) foster innovative student support solutions and equitable student success outcomes. The five emergent themes addressed the objective of this study and research questions. The knowledge gained from this study contributed to cultural intelligence, transformational leadership, and organizational innovations scholarship and advanced such knowledge in domestic and global higher education leadership studies and practices.

Dr. Dawn Moore, 2022

Attaining Leadership Authenticity: Exploring the Lived Experiences of African American Women Faculty at Predominantly White Institutions

As 21st Century scholars emphasize the importance of globalization, cross-cultural climates that foster genuine engagement with race and gender are becoming increasingly significant to the development of global leaders. African American women faculty, however, are often challenged in attaining authentic leadership, particularly with the intersection of their race and gender at educational institutions that are predominantly White. Consequently, exploring their experiences would provide invaluable insight into the roles that race and gender play in attaining authentic leadership. This study explored nine African American women faculty’s narratives about their lived experiences with senior administration at predominantly White institutions. Analysis of data from interview transcripts identified the emerging themes of adversity, self-authorship, and self-efficacy regarding their difficulties and successes in attaining authentic leadership. This research offered a foundational lens with the theoretical frameworks of authentic leadership, Black feminist thought, and intersectionality for understanding leadership authenticity in cross-cultural climates through the perspectives of African American women faculty at predominantly White institutions as a contribution to the field of global leadership.

Dr. Mustapha Atar, 2021

Predictors of Organizational Commitment in an Intense Global Environment: A Quantitative Study of IT Professions in the United States

Dr. Jennifer Wegleitner, 2021

A Mixed Methods Study Examining Faculty Perceptions of Business Students’ Incivility and Its Impact on Preparing Global Leaders

Dr. Christopher Snyder, 2021

Exploring Philanthropic Perceptions of Millennial Global Leaders

Dr. Laura Lumbert, 2021

Exploring Followers Lived Experiences with Autonomous Motivation and Leader Support During a Global Organizational Restructuring

Dr. Mandy Wriston, 2021

A Case Study of How Leaders in an Appalachian County View Themselves in a Global Society

Dr. Magnus Jansson, 2021

Innovative Work Behavior: Leadership Receptiveness, Individual Perseverance, and Organizational Climate as Enablers

Dr. James Kisaale, 2021

Community Leaders’ Transformational Leadership Style in Fostering Community Development: Kenya’s Christian Impact Mission

Dr. Russ Timmons, 2021

Exploring Global Disruptive Leadership in Practice: A Multi-level Pragmatic Synthesis Model

Dr. Chad Copple, 2021

Rural Community College Internationalization: Experiences, Challenges and Successes of Leaders

Dr. Vanetta Busch, 2021

Glocal Human Resources Leaders Roles, Role Conflict, and Competencies

Dr. Greg Madsen, 2021

Male Allies’ Perception of Gender Bias and the Relationship Between Psychological Standing and Willingness to Engage

Dr. Tariq Zaman, 2021

A Phenomenological Study of Followership Roles from the Perspective of Followers in the Ready-Made Garment Industry in Bangladesh

Dr. Dr. Martha Martin, 2021

Leaders in Libya: A study of Libyan Mid-Level Oil Executives Examining Leadership Transformation from Expatriate Study of 16 Habits of Mind Curriculum

Dr. Fidelis Agbor, 2021

Experiences of African Born Leaders in the U.S. Army

Dr. Heather Finney, 2021

Relationship between Leadership Styles and Total Quality Management in Chemical Manufacturing Companies in India and the United States

Dr. Eric Christensen, 2020

Servant Leadership in a Global Context: Organizational Relationships in Online Mental Health Service Startups

Servant leadership is a theory that suggests desirable organizational outcomes are a function of a leader’s focus on those other than him or herself (Stone, Russell, & Patterson, 2004). Servant leadership has been applied to a variety of organizational contexts, including those in the healthcare industry (Hanse, Harlin, Jarebrant, Ulin, & Winkel, 2016; O’Brien, 2010). However, as technological advancement drives social change, the structure and nature of organizations change as well. Accordingly, this research studies servant leadership in a global organizational context, extending the consideration of this leadership framework to the virtual mental healthcare field. Associations with organizational follower-level variables of empathic concern, public service motivation, affective commitment, and perceptions of organizational innovativeness are considered from a review of literature building on servant leadership theory and a theory of the on-demand economy. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed servant leadership was significantly correlated with the study’s measure of public service motivation, affective commitment, and perceptions of organizational innovation. Implications for scholarship and practice are discussed. Read Abstract Close Abstract

Dr. Anna Lilleboe, 2020

Courageous Followership in the United States and Japan: Examining the Role of Culture in Ideal Followership

Followership is a nascent yet emerging subject. An increasing number of scholars are recognizing the critical role of followers and that leadership cannot exist without followership. Most followership studies take place in the United States, which constrains knowledge growth on followership from a global perspective. Understanding regarding ideal followership has largely been limited to reflect Western values. One of the most popular propositions regarding ideal followership is the courageous followership concept developed by Ira Chaleff. Chaleff’s book on courageous followership has been published globally in six different languages, yet the argument that the concept represents ideal followership has not been explored outside of the United States. This study contains an examination of whether the belief that courageous followership represents ideal followership is shared between American and Japanese followers as the countries offer an interesting contrast in cultural values and can offer a non-Western perspective. Through a quasi-experimental mixed factor repeated measure design, analysis of variance with covariates revealed how followers from each country perceive courageous followership behaviors as ideal and how often these followers practice such behaviors. The results showed that American participants favored courageous followership as ideal form of followership more so compared to Japanese participants. American participants also reported higher level of courageous followership behaviors in practice compared to Japanese participants—except for behaviors associated with the courage to take moral action. The study’s findings help advance global leadership by expanding knowledge regarding followership from a global perspective, testing courageous followership concept in a non-Western context, and capturing how different followers from different cultures practice followership behaviors. Read Abstract Close Abstract

Dr. Collin Barry, 2020

The Relationships between Authentic Leadership, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment among Generation Z in the United States Marine Corps

The following study explores the relationships among authentic leadership theory, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment among deployed active duty enlisted Generation Z members serving in the U.S. Marine Corps. It is argued that leaders who influence with authenticity have a greater chance of positively affecting those around them, focusing on the global-operating U.S. military, a melting pot microcosm of American society. Authentic leadership theory is defined, suggesting that the majority of this style’s characteristics can influence Generation Z more effectively than other styles of leadership, thus improving job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The generalized idiosyncrasies of Generation Z are identified, finding common themes among current scholars of generational theory. The leadership style of authoritarianism is explored, postulating that a method once utilized to lead past U.S. military generations is no longer effective. Generational influence within the commonly autocratic-driven U.S. Marine Corps is addressed, suggesting that a positive relationship exists between the qualities of authentic leadership and the follower needs of Generation Z. Hypotheses will be tested by utilizing a quantitative correlational survey design to gather data that may reveal relationships among the predictor variable of authentic leadership and outcome variables of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Read Abstract Close Abstract

Dr. Tobey Zimber, 2020

Global Followers’ Identities Within the Global Social Movement of the Women’s March: A Phenomenological Study

Complex global business environments have posed significant demands upon leaders and inspired organizations to study ways to achieve organizational effectiveness. Within this complex, global environment, individuals form collaborative relationships where they work toward common goals. Currently, there is limited theorizing and little empirical evidence on global followers and their influence in the leadership process. This study explores the lived experiences of global followers in relation to leaders within the context of the global social movement of the Women’s March. Social identity theory, followership theory, and the construct of global followership are discussed as underlying theoretical and conceptual elements of this research. The two central research questions that guide this investigation are: (1) How do global followers describe their lived experiences associated with the global social movement of the Women’s March? (2) How do global followers of the global social movement of the Women’s March describe how their activities, characteristics, and traits influence their followership? Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, and the interviews were transcribed and analyzed with a qualitative analysis software, Dedoose. Research findings led to the emergence of the following seven themes: (1) We are a community of like-minded people with similar values, (2) I want to be a solution to the problem, (3) I hope to be an inspiration for others, (4) Power of the present and fear of the future, (5), Using my voice to fight global injustice, (6) We need to work for visibility and inclusion, (7) Being in service to something bigger than myself. Findings highlight the collaborative efforts and contributions of global followers as co-creators of leadership and proactive agents within the leadership process. Read Abstract Close Abstract

Dr. Nuchelle Chance, 2020

“Nevertheless, She Persisted”: Exploring the Influence of Adversity on Black Women in Higher Education Senior Leadership

This dissertation explored the concept of adversity and the lived experiences of Black women in higher education senior leadership. Using phenomenology, this study specifically explored how adversity has led Black women to leadership serving in higher education senior leadership. Past literature shows that Black women leaders undergo extreme challenges, including limited role models, the concrete ceiling, double discrimination, and the intersectionality of racism and sexism, as well as tokenism. The current findings validate the literature as some of the more salient codes of adversity that emerged were challenges with identity: (a) cultural diversity and belonging, (b) discrimination such as racism, sexism, ageism and the intersection of these, (c) varying adverse childhood experiences [ACEs], (d) career discernment, (e) divorce and/or dissolving romantic relationships, (f) financial issues, and (g) health issues. Yet Black women are resilient and strong. Referred to as “superwomen,” Black women have been able to overcome countless odds to advance and become pioneers in their fields and reach advanced levels of educational attainment. The results of this study reveal that Black women use adversity as fuel to overcome crucible experiences, thus helping them develop the necessary skills to prepare them for leadership. Their strength through adversity is driven by resilience. Resilience has manifested itself in many ways for the participants of this study, varying from motivation factors such as family and relationships, mentors, community support, self-care and nurturing, friendships and sisterhoods, as well as the support of cultural identity and diversity. The current findings grounded in the crucible leadership theory (Bennis & Thomas, 2002) support the notion that adverse crucible experiences shape Black women into leaders with emphasis on higher education senior leadership. Read Abstract Close Abstract

Dr. Mohamed Yahya Abdel Wedoud , 2020

A Single Case Study Exploring Male Millennial Leaders’ Perceptions of Women as Leaders in a Large Mauritanian Organization

This study used a qualitative case study research design to explore male millennial leaders’ perceptions of women as leaders in large Mauritanian organizations. Transformational leadership theory and social dominance theory were used as the theoretical bases to guide the study. The study raises awareness about aspects of African women leaders through the eyes of the male, millennial leaders in a historically male-dominated society. Furthermore, the study provides data to enhance the understanding of local, regional, and global leaders who work to liberate female leaders through organizational development and gender equality, globally. Perceptions of male leaders were explored to find out what can be done to change perceptions that may limit the possibilities for women to gain access to leadership roles in Mauritanian organizations. Read Abstract Close Abstract

Dr. Abdurrahim Hocagil , 2020

Exploring Global Followership Phenomenon in Global Organizational Context: A Study of Global Followers Within Global Technology Companies

The purpose of the current phenomenological study was to explore the global followership phenomenon within a global organizational context, specifically within global technology organizations to understand the lived experiences of global followers and how they develop their global followership behaviors. The present study used three overarching research questions to explore lived experiences of global followers: (1) How do global followers at global technology organizations describe their lived experiences that help them develop global followership behaviors? (2) How do global followers describe how global organizational context plays a role in global followership development processes? (3) How does global followers’ national culture shapes their global followership behaviors? In light of these research questions, the researcher developed open-ended interview questions that explored participants’ experiences of development of global followership behaviors. The interview questions scrutinized the experiences of global followers, the influence of global organizational context, and the influence of culture on their behaviors. The theoretical framework guided the study was followership theory and the concept of global followership. Purposeful sampling and snowball sampling strategies were used to recruit participants. After selecting individuals who meet the initial criteria, the researcher emailed screening questions to selected individuals and collected self-reported information. Based on their responses to screening questions, individuals who self-reported that they support and practice freely, constructively, and courageously contributing to leadership processes as well as supporting and practicing constructively opposing their leaders’ decisions by voicing their concerns and opinions against their leaders when they see necessary to enhance leadership processes acknowledged as global followers and selected as participants. Data were collected through the use of semi-structured interviews and the interviews were transcribed and then analyzed using NVivo 12 qualitative analysis software. Data analysis led to the development of four core themes that explained the experiences of global followers and their development of effective global followership behaviors: (1) following effectively, (2) following globally, (3) developing continuously, and (4) managing challenges. The current study’s results are consistent with Tolstikov-Mast’s (2016)’s assertions and confirm global followership concept is different than followership in domestic contexts due to the complexities of global environment. The findings of the present study may help future global followers that they could learn the developmental pathways presented by the participants and try to train to be effective global followers and contribute to co-construction of global leadership processes in their organizations. Global leaders could also learn from findings of this study and try to foster global followers that would help them to enhance global leadership outcomes. Global organizations could use the findings of the present study to develop specific global followership development activities or trainings in order to develop effective global followers and enhance global leadership outcomes in their organizations. Read Abstract Close Abstract

Dr. David Ransom , 2020

An Exploration of Perceptions, Internal Mechanisms and External Forces that may Influence Ethical Decision Making

This study sought to explore the underlying perceptions, internal mechanisms, and external forces that may influence the ethical decision-making process of middle managers in a multinational organization. A qualitative phenomenological research approach was undertaken as it provided the best opportunity to develop a common description from participants’ lived experiences that highlighted ‘what’ the participants experienced and ‘how’ they experienced it. This study contributes to the field of global leadership studies by providing an understanding of how global managers perceive an ethical issue, the ways in which they construct their own ethical reality, and how they explain the complexity of their ethical reasoning. In addition, this study shows the value in developing an ethics training program for multinational organizations in order to develop better cross-cultural understanding. Ultimately, this can result in improving the effectiveness of managers’ ethical reasoning skills through a learning environment that is experience-based and involves problem-solving activities and collaboration. Read Abstract Close Abstract

Dr. Eric Pilon-Bignell , 2020

Exploring Improvisation: The Human Element of Decisions Made by Executives in States of Complexity within Consulting Firms

The purpose of this research is to use transcendental phenomenology to explore the lived experiences and events of executives, and how improvisation is experienced when decisions are made in states of complexity within a consulting firm. The central research topic of this doctoral study focuses on executives in moments of complexity. The stated phenomenological method was engaged to explore the lived experiences of management and technology consulting firm executives on how they experience improvisation when making decisions in states of complexity. To guide this study, a theoretical framework consisting of complexity leadership theory, human elements of decisions, and improvisation was developed. Findings from this study highlighted five core themes that emerged from the phenomenon:(1) leading through complexity, (2) using improvisation, (3) leading with no data, (4) leading with only data, and (5) mixing humans and data. For academics and practitioners, the data gathered from this research creates an essence of the experience of how improvisation is experienced in complexity by executives in a consulting firm. The author hopes that this research in some way, will assist current and future executives to better understand the value of improvisation and how it can be applied successfully to lead in the complexities of the global business landscape. Read Abstract Close Abstract

Dr. Kevin Rooney , 2020

Transformational Leadership and Organizational Commitment in a Multinational Organization: The Partial Mediating Role of Cultural Intelligence

Organizations are undergoing unprecedented change, driven mainly by cost effectiveness and globalization. These changes leave organizations seeking a new type of leader, one who can manage a global workforce, navigate the impact of globalization, and foster employee organizational commitment. Through the grounding of transformational leadership theory, the present study examines the partial mediating relationship of cultural intelligence on the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational commitment in an intercultural context. The current study operationalized concepts through three surveys: multifactor leadership questionnaire form-5X (MLQ Form-5X), three-component model commitment survey (TCM), cultural intelligence survey (CQS). Using a sample of 102 full-time professionals who had a geographically dispersed intercultural relationship with their manager provides evidence that cultural intelligence partially mediates the relationship between transformational leadership style and employee normative commitment. Additionally, this study evidenced that cultural intelligence does not partially mediate the relationships between transformational leadership style and affective or continuance commitment. Supplemental analyses supported that a manager’s cultural intelligence had a significant association with their demonstration of transformational leadership style and an employee’s level of affective and normative commitment. Theoretical and practical implications of this study clarify the interactions between cultural intelligence, transformational leadership, and organization commitment addressing a growing concern surrounding how intercultural leaders effectively manage complexity emanating from geographic dispersion, multiculturalism, and organizational cultural diversity; furthering the competencies of effective global leaders. Read Abstract Close Abstract

Dr. Michael Fields , 2020

Exploring the Relationship of Predispositions Before and During the College Experience, Including Study Abroad, Which May Impact Intercultural Competence of University Students

With the continued globalization of the workforce today, it is becoming more and more important for today’s workers to be globally competent. For workers to be globally competent, it is essential that they gain the necessary skills while completing their college education. To gain these competencies, institutions of higher education need to produce graduates with high intercultural competence. Impact of intercultural competence has to be acquired through specific formal and informal experience for students to have the greatest gains during their college experience. These experiences actually begin before college and continue during their time in college. While literature has long stated that study abroad positively impacts intercultural competence, that alone may not be the best or only way to positively impact intercultural competence. This study explores the impact of precollege characteristics, college experiences, and study abroad on students’ intercultural competence at a rural, public, 4-year liberal arts university. To assess this impact of intercultural competence, students were asked to answer a demographic survey capturing the data on precollege characteristics and the college experience, as well as a survey instrument assessing intercultural competence. Read Abstract Close Abstract

Dr. Steven Stauffer , 2019

The Impacts of Business Curriculum Internationalization on Student Completion and Success in Ohio Community Colleges

The purpose of this global leadership study was to investigate the impact community college business curriculum internationalization has on the key components of the Ohio State Share of Instruction (SSI) funding formula. This analysis should assist institutional decision-makers in determining whether or not to incorporate such initiatives at their schools as many accrediting bodies are placing greater emphasis on student success and numerous states are tying public funding to completion rates. Starting in Fiscal Year 2014, the state of Ohio began implementing a new performance-based formula that allocates funding to universities and colleges based on student success instead of enrollment. As community colleges across the state work to adjust to the new formula, many are considering novel methods to expand their resource base through curriculum internationalization. This study sought to determine the existence and degree of a quantitative relationship between business curriculum internationalization and student course completions, program and certificate completions, and success points within the Ohio SSI funding model. Ultimately, the results of this inquiry indicated that no statistically significant relationship existed between the variables, primarily due to a lack of distinctive differences between the various Ohio community colleges in terms of their degrees of business curriculum internationalization. Read Abstract Close Abstract

Dr. Wendy Kobler , 2019

A Phenomenological Study: The Lived Experiences of Women Who Have Achieved CEO Positions in Four-Year Higher Education Institutions

Progress has been made with women gaining more employment opportunity through the years in higher education. The progress has been seen in the lower positions; but the higher a woman climbs in four-year higher education institutions, the fewer positions she will find open to her gender. Notably, gender inequity still exists in higher education leadership and especially in the top leadership positions in this sector. Until 2016, the accepted remedy for this gender equity issue was to create a pipeline for more women to be qualified and ready to flow into the openings of the chief executive officer (CEO) position of four-year higher education institutions as they became available (American Council of Education, 2016). The American Council of Education (ACE) in 2016 declared the pipeline remedy a myth (2016). With that declaration, the American Council of Education stated that there was a need for more research on pathways women can take to successfully reach the top CEO positions in higher education (2016). The purpose of this study was to seek to understand the phenomenon of how women have overcome barriers and secured the presidency in colleges and universities (ACE, 2016). The goal of this phenomenological study was to determine the pathway that these women CEOs took and to answer the call for more research on the pathways of how more women can obtain the position of CEO. It comes at a time when there is possibly the greatest climate that is conducive for women to achieve positions that have seldom been open to them in past history. The study was guided by research by Susan Madsen (2008) on the lived experiences of women university CEOs that is now considered the seminal work in the arena of higher education leadership and gender inequity. Read Abstract Close Abstract

Dr. Danielle Lombard-Sims, 2018

Exploring Antecedents of Organizational Success for Bicultural Global Female Leaders

Global leadership research arose out of a need for organizations to develop individuals who can successfully manage people, markets, and strategies globally (Mendenhall, et al., 2013). As the field is relatively new, there is gap in global leadership literature in understanding the antecedents of success of bicultural global female leaders in multi-cultural organizational environments. In addition, views from a power dynamic of critical theory has not been fully explored. As a result of this gap in the literature, this dissertation study explored the intersectionality of success, gender, and biculturalism to understand, through the voice and lived experiences of bicultural female leaders, how they assign meaning to the attainment of organizational success in global healthcare leadership positions in order to encourage organizational change. Utilizing the phenomenological van Kaam 8-step method of data analysis (Moustakas, 1994), this study identified five themes related to how global leadership competencies, the meaning of success, and organizational influencers impact bicultural female global leader success. This study added unique contributions in understanding (a) the shared meaning of success for bicultural global female leaders across various cultural groups as told through their voice, (b) how gender and biculturalism intersect to inform their experience as global leaders, specifically in empowering them to overcome historical biases that exist in organizations, and (c) actions organizations can do to help more bicultural women become global leaders. In addition to the unique contributions, findings related to successful global competencies, transformational leadership characteristics, and female leaders’ role in assisting with equal opportunities correspond with empirical and theoretical research on the success of global bicultural female leaders. Read Abstract Close Abstract

Dr. James Campbell, Jr., 2018

A Case Study Exploring the Lived Experiences of Direct Support Professionals: Examining the Link between Lived Experiences and Leadership Style

The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of direct support professionals who support people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. As well, this study examined the relationship between the lived experiences of direct support professionals and the leadership and business practices of their organizations. This study employed an embedded mix-method multiple-case study design, which allowed multiple data collection methods that probed the essence of the participants’ lived experiences within their workplace. A sequential mixed-method procedure was commenced by convenience sampling of 50 direct support professionals from each organization to complete a survey instrument that possessed four major categories considered important to direct support professionals. Survey responses served as a guide while conducting face-to-face interviews with the senior leaders of each organization. Prior to interviewing senior leaders, five direct support professionals with at least five years of employment were randomly selected to be interviewed. The interview questions explored the lived experience of participants and their perceptions of the quality of organizational leadership and culture. Read Abstract Close Abstract

Dr. Danielle Lombard-Sims , 2018

Exploring Antecedence of Organizational Success for Bicultural Female Leaders

Global leadership research arose out of a need for organizations to develop individuals who can successfully manage people, markets and strategies globally (Mendenhall, et al., 2013). As the field is relatively new, there is gap in global leadership literature in understanding the antecedents of success of global leaders, and specifically bicultural global female leaders, in multi-cultural organizational environments. In addition, views from a power dynamic of critical theory has not been fully explored. As a result of this gap in the literature, this dissertation study explored the intersectionality of success, gender and biculturalism to understand, through the voice and lived experiences of bicultural female leaders, how they assign meaning to the attainment of organizational success in global healthcare leadership positions in order to encourage organizational change. Utilizing the phenomenological van Kaam 8-step method of data analysis (Moustakas, 1994), this study identified five themes related to how global leadership competencies, the meaning of success, and organizational influencers impact bicultural female global leader success. The five themes identified include (a) successful global leadership organizational competencies (b) meaning of success (c) intersection of gender and biculturalism on organizational success (d) organizational facilitators of success for bicultural global female leaders and (e) organizational inhibitors of success that require change. This study added unique contributions in understanding (a) the shared meaning of success for bicultural global female leaders across various cultural groups as told through their voice, (b) how gender and biculturalism intersect to inform their experience as global leaders, specifically in empowering them to overcome historical biases that exist in organizations, and (c) actions organizations can do to help more bicultural women become global leaders. In addition to the unique contributions, findings related to successful global competencies, transformational leadership characteristics, and female leaders’ role in assisting with equal opportunities correspond with empirical and theoretical research on the success of global bicultural female leaders. Read Abstract Close Abstract

Dr. Jehu Chong , 2018

Workplace Longevity and The Lived Experiences of Senior Leaders’ Perceptions of Millennial Job Satisfaction: A Multigenerational Study of the Dutch Caribbean Financial Sector

The topic of workplace longevity includes a vast area of scholarly writing relating to the themes of organizational success, job satisfaction, work commitment, effective managerial leadership, employee engagement, workforce-retention strategies, and cultural influences on work habits. The focus of this exploration is to discover how job satisfaction impacts the tenure of senior leaders and to uncover the association of emerging trends using a generational perspective that directly derives from senior leaders’ lived experiences. The objective was to solicit responses about the concepts affecting employees’ self-identified organizational motives, thus explaining an employees’ realization, awareness, and understanding of the components that factor into their choice of whether to stay or leave a company. Herzberg’s (1978) motivation theory was introduced and applied to this study as the theoretical framework. This theory explored the hygiene factors and motivator factors that cause job satisfaction or job dissatisfaction. Seven themes emerged from this qualitative transcendental phenomenological research study: (a) millennials, (b) training and development, (c) mentality shift, (d) corporate culture, (e) workplace longevity, (f) change and adaptability, and (g) communication. The research study was promulgated upon a global platform and thus includes a discussion of global implications and a new definition of global leadership. Global leaders in the present work climate are charged with managing diverse populations of employees from assorted cultures, with a mixture of mind-sets, and with a comprehensive collection of ideals, beliefs, values, and principles. This research explored global leadership through the lens of innovation and a team-oriented perspective. Read Abstract Close Abstract

Dr. Michael Call, 2017

Home or Abroad? Determinants of Major Charitable Giving to Domestic Vs. International Causes

This study provides insight into demographic and psychographic distinctions between major donors ($10,000 USD or more in a single gift) to domestic causes, international causes, and both types of causes. A simple random sample telephone survey of 410 U.S. individuals with annual household incomes of $250,000 or more and who have a history of charitable giving provided data for this analysis. Of these 410 respondents, 118 had given only to domestic causes in the past 12 months, 143 had given only to international causes, and 149 had given to both types of causes. All of these gifts met the filter of at least $10,000. Items in the survey included demographic data, number of major gifts to charity, sizes of gifts, type of recipient organization, and psychographic traits. These psychographic traits included experiential traits of childhood extracurricular activities, childhood volunteering, childhood religiosity, childhood traumatic events, adult religiosity, and adult engagement in civic groups. Values-based psychographic analysis relied on Kahle’s List of Values (LOV). A test for Chronbach’s alpha verified the data were reliable. Statistical analyses conducted include tests of correlation and association, multiple regression analysis, discriminant function analysis, and multinomial regression analysis. Results show significant differences between major donors to domestic causes only, major donors to international causes only, and major donors to both types of causes. Determinants of major giving to domestic causes only include the LOV traits of self-fulfillment and sense of belonging, as well as the experiential traits of childhood traumatic event, childhood religiosity, and adult engagement in civic groups; determinants of major giving to international causes only include the LOV value of being well respected and the experiential trait of childhood extracurricular activities. Determinants of major giving to both types of causes include the LOV trait of being well respected and the experiential trait of adult engagement in civic groups, as well as the demographic traits of being a single male not living with or married to a partner. Two models are presented for further research and insights. Read Abstract Close Abstract

Dr. Angel Baez Vega, 2017

The Lived Experiences of Latina Women It Leaders in Global Organizations: Exploring Their Stories on Intercultural Sensitivity and Trust

The goal of this study was to explore the lived experiences of Latina women IT leaders at global organizations as they cultivate trust and acceptance of intercultural differences. Trust and intercultural sensitivity are recognized elements in the development of successful team collaborations. However, little research has been devoted to describe the experiences of Latina women leaders in the IT sector in the process of cultivating trusting and interculturally sensitive relationships with others. That being the case, this study was guided by the following overarching research questions: (1) How do Latina women IT leaders describe their experiences developing trusting and interculturally sensitive relationships with their followers? (2) How do Latina women IT leaders describe their experiences cultivating trust and intercultural sensitivity as they interact with other leaders? (3) What experiences are perceived by Latina Women IT leaders as barriers to the development of an organizational culture that supports trust and acceptance of intercultural differences? This researcher asked interview questions to explore the role of trust and intercultural sensitivity on the effectiveness of Latina women leaders in the IT sector of global organizations.Global leadership, behavioral leadership, intercultural sensitivity and trust theories provided the theoretical framework that guided this study. Semi-structured interviews guided the data collection with the study participants. A purposeful sampling approach was used for the selection of the seven study participants. Data collected was transcribed and with the exception of one discussion that was conducted in English, the interviews were translated from Spanish into the English language. Then, the data was uploaded for analysis into Dedoose® social research analysis software. Five core themes emerged from the data analysis addressing issues concerning the development of a working environment that foster trust and intercultural sensitivity: (1) cross-cultural competence, (2) good working relationships, (3) asymmetry, (4) organizational culture and (5) effective leader. From this study findings, the “Behavior-based Trust and Inter-cultural Sensitivity Development” Model was developed showcasing the connection between the behavior of leaders and the core dimensions that emerged from the interviews in the study. Read Abstract Close Abstract

Dr. Mia Johnson , 2017

Resilience and Intercultural Competence: Examining the Relationship in Community College Transformational Leaders

The main purpose of the study was to determine if there was a correlation between resilience and intercultural competence in transformational leaders at Ivy Tech Community College. Kouzes and Posner’s Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership was used to establish leaders’ transformation leadership qualities; the Connor-Davidson CD-RISC was used to assess leaders’ resilience, and Fantini’s Assessment of Intercultural Competence (YOGA Form) was used to measure leaders’ intercultural competence. The study population included leaders in supervisor roles from two regions within Ivy Tech Community College. The findings of the study indicate there was no significant correlation between resilience and intercultural competence in transformational leaders. Read Abstract Close Abstract

Dr. Kristina Creager , 2017

Emotional intelligence & academic success: A study of academically underprepared students in the second semester

The globalization of higher education and changing demographics of the collegiate classroom necessitate the ability for students to regulate their own feelings, recognize others’ emotions, solve real-world problems, communicate effectively across cultures, build relationships, and ultimately manage stress. This emotional intelligence is especially true in the growing population of academically underprepared students. Through analysis of correlations between emotional intelligence and academic success factors – semester and cumulative GPAs, persistence data, as well as demographic variables, this study closes the gap in the literature focused on this specific student population and contributes to the field of global leadership in practice within higher education. This dissertation argues that emotional intelligence is a critical leadership trait, skill and practice regardless of capacity or field. Likewise, the study persists that emotional intelligence is a skill necessary for academically underprepared students to develop early on in their educational careers and it is an aspect directly correlated to the success of global leaders inside and outside of the university setting. Read Abstract Close Abstract

Dr. Thomas Lawrence , 2017

Followership in a Global Context: Examining the Relationship between Chinese National Culture and Follower Role Orientation

Followership is an emergent field of study dedicated to the contributions of followers to the processes and outcomes of leadership. The discipline privileges followers at the center of theory development and acknowledges their central role as causal agents. The study of followership has largely been a phenomenon constrained to the U.S. Thus, the role of national culture remains unexplored. Drawing from Uhl-Bien et al.’s (2014) reversing the lens theory of followership and Hofstede’s (2010) national culture dimensions, this study examined the relationship between national culture and follower role orientation, including the moderating effects of considerate leadership, among Chinese adults living and working throughout mainland China. Using a survey design, data was collected from 178 Chinese workers using three validated instruments. Relationships between the concepts of study were explored using descriptive inferential statistics, including hierarchical linear regression. The findings support Uhl-Bien et al.’s contention that leadership outcomes result from the interactive product of follower behavior, guided by implicit following schema, and the concomitant response by leaders to deliberate influence attempts. Analysis revealed Hofstede’s dimensions of power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and collectivism contributed to the development of follower’s underlying role schema and belief in the co-production of leadership. The study also confirmed the fundamental role of context in the development of follower beliefs. Leader consideration acted as a moderator of power distance in a sub-set of the sample (first-level supervisors) and contributed the greatest effect in the predictive model. This dissertation contributes to the field of global leadership by expanding knowledge of followership, testing the validity of followership theory beyond the U.S., and supporting organizational development in culturally heterogeneous contexts. Read Abstract Close Abstract

Dr. Julia Porter , 2017

Factors that Support Student Success and Their Perceptions of Success: Lessons from a Scottish University

In this qualitative study, a case study approach was utilized in order to explore the factors that contribute to student success as well as students’ own perceptions of success at Abertay University in Dundee, Scotland. Twelve participants were interviewed including seven students who were had passed all of their courses and were on track to graduate and five faculty members that had experience in teaching successful students. This study particularly focuses on trait theory and how the Big Five contribute to student success as well. The study identified the themes that contributed to Scottish student success, which were: (1) the ability to find employment following graduation, (2) support from others, (3) academic achievement, (4) acquiring new skills, and (5) personal dedication to their studies and Abertay University. Additionally, through the analysis of the data and in understanding the themes, it was indicated that the traits most exhibited by those who found success at Abertay University were extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience. Read Abstract Close Abstract

Dr. Alicia Wireman , 2017

International Students and U.S. Faculty in Complex Educational Environments: Exploring the Need for Global Leadership in the Classroom. A Case Study

Global leadership scholars have attempted to understand global leadership in a variety of contexts. However, the complex environment of the classroom in higher education is an area that has not been explored. Classrooms in higher education are becoming more complex due to their complexity and uncertain nature, thus creating situations where global leadership is necessary. The purpose of this case study was to determine a need for global leadership in the classroom by exploring perceptions of instructors’ leadership behaviors and communication apprehension in the complex classroom. The study is an exploratory embedded single-case of instructors’ communication apprehension and leadership behaviors at a private institution of higher education. Data collection included institutional documents, surveys, and focus groups. The case’s data included an analysis of institutional documents as well as a survey with faculty regarding their communication apprehension and leadership behaviors when interacting with international students in the complex classroom. The survey used the Personal Report of Intercultural Communication Apprehension (PRICA) and the Leadership Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ) to examine instructors’ communication apprehension and leadership behaviors when interacting with international students in the classroom. Then, a follow-up focus group with faculty was used to understand their survey responses. Finally, the case’s data collection included a focus group with international students, which aimed to explore their perceptions of instructors’ communication apprehension and leadership behaviors. The findings of the study (a) indicated leadership behaviors that are important for instructors in higher education, (b) communicated international students’ needs for instructors’ leadership behaviors, and (c) focused on the need to train and develop instructors to be global leaders. Read Abstract Close Abstract

Dr. Charles Dunn , 2016

The Real Deal: Exploring the Lived Experiences of Authentic Global Leaders within International Cooperative Organizations

The purpose of the current phenomenological study was to understand the developmental experiences of authentic leaders by documenting their own stories of how they view their growth into a successful global leader. The study used three overarching research questions: (1) How do leaders within international cooperatives describe their lived experiences that contributed to their development into successful and authentic global leaders? (2) How do cooperative leaders explain how they apply/use the principle of stewardship on a daily basis? (3) What experiences are described as challenges in the application of authentic leadership? Using these overarching questions as a guide, the current study posed interview questions that explore participants’ experiences in developing into an authentic leader. The study also explored how operating in a global environment has influenced their ability to be authentic in their leadership. Additionally, interview questions explored the context of authentic leadership and global leadership within cooperative organizations and how the role of being a steward for the organization influences their leadership style. The theoretical framework for the study was guided by global leadership theory, authentic leadership theory, and stewardship theory. Purposeful sampling and snowball sampling were used to select study participants who are senior leaders within international cooperative organizations. Data was collected through the use of semi-structured interviews, and the interviews were transcribed and then analyzed using NVivo qualitative analysis software. The information collected and subsequent analysis may help future cooperative leaders develop into successful and authentic global leaders, as well as help close the gap in the literature on leadership within international cooperatives. The research findings led to the development of five themes surrounding the phenomenon of developing into an authentic leader within an international cooperative: (1) leading successfully, (2) leading globally, (3) developing authentically, (4) meeting the leadership challenge, and (5) cooperative appeal. Read Abstract Close Abstract

Dr. Stephen Young , 2016

Follower Perceptions of Frequent Leadership Rotations: A Sequential Explanatory Study

Current leadership study is well established within the context of developing leaders in the global organization through leadership development initiatives to include leadership rotational programs. Leadership rotational programs are an accepted practice to develop the skills of global leaders. Studies have shown the positive results that these strategies can produce within the global organization and towards the development of global leaders’ skills. Empirical research has focused on the advantages to the leader but has failed to fully identify the potential consequences to the follower within the organization. This study addresses the follower perceptions and feelings towards leadership rotations that are not currently found in current leadership research and literature. The purpose of this sequential explanatory study was twofold. First, this study aimed to discover the types of followers found in the global organization. Second, and the primary focus of this research was to explore the perceptions of followers when subjected to rotating leadership. This exploration fully identifies the effect of the leadership rotation phenomenon and addresses the research question: How do differing types of followers within complex adaptive systems of a global organization experience frequent leadership rotations? A two-phase, sequential explanatory design was used to gather the experiences of the organizational follower through a non-experimental survey, semi-structured interviews, and a phenomenological analysis of collected data. Followers were first classified in to one of five follower types. Participants from each follower were then interviewed. An interview protocol was followed and participant responses were analyzed to develop themes related to the phenomenon of rotating leadership. The outcomes of this study offer four conclusions related to the followers in the global organization and how these individuals perceive rotating leadership. This research advances the current understanding of the relationship between the leader and follower and offers new insight into how the common leadership development practice of rotating leaders within the organization affects both the global organization and the organizational follower. Read Abstract Close Abstract

Dr. Joyce Parks, 2015

Preparing Global Citizens for the 21st Century: Examining the Intercultural Competence of Study Abroad Students

In today’s rapidly changing global society, college graduates will need to develop skills that will prepare them for the 21st century. More importantly, intercultural skills that will be beneficial in terms of helping students become global citizens and having the ability to compete for jobs in a global workforce. This study examines the impact short-term study abroad programs have on the intercultural competence of students. Additionally, the study provides strategies to increase the intercultural competence of students to assure students gain the following intercultural abilities; skills, awareness, knowledge, and attitudes which are skills that are necessary to interact effectively with individuals from diverse backgrounds. An explanatory quantitative correlational research design was utilized for the study and a sample size of 125 students from a university in the Midwest. The Accessing Intercultural Competence (AIC) section 7 was utilized to measure the intercultural competence of study abroad students to determine if the students were developing intercultural competence. The independent sample t test was used and indicated a significant difference in the intercultural competence of students who studied abroad and students who did not study abroad. The implications of the findings are beneficial to study abroad administrators and higher education institutions by providing suggestions and improvements for short-term study abroad programs. The study is also an important contribution to the literature in terms of the impact study abroad programs have on the intercultural competence students who travels abroad. Read Abstract Close Abstract

Dr. Frank Banfill , 2015

Multiple Case Studies in Effective Africa Leadership: A Study of the Leadership Behaviors of Effective Local Church Pastors in the Africa Inland Church Tanzania Mara and Ukerewe Diocese

This study explores the behaviors of effective local Christian church pastors in Tanzania, East Africa and it addresses gaps in the current knowledge related to African religious leadership, leadership theory in the African context, leadership across African cultures, and African leadership in relationship to followership. A qualitative research method using a multiple case study design was employed to provide an understanding of effective African pastors as local leaders who contribute to African social welfare. Effective pastor leaders with a demonstrated record of numerically growing their churches while also conducting development projects for the betterment of local communities were interviewed, along with focus groups of members from their congregations. Additional data were gathered through observations and by reviewing documents. Results of transformational leadership theory surveys (Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire-MLQ) completed by Tanzanian pastors are also presented. The study found that effective Tanzanian pastors demonstrated behaviors consistent with transformational leadership behaviors, improved the lives of parishioners and community members, and were instrumental in growing the numerical membership and financial base of their churches. The study identified the activities taken by effective pastors when they began their tenures, as well as the ongoing and decision-making/problem resolution activities throughout their tenures. Read Abstract Close Abstract

Dr. Joseph Lestrange , 2015

Values Based Leadership 2.0: A Multi Method Study Toward the Development of a Theoretical Framework for Global Leaders

The continuously expanding and rapid pace of globalization has created a climate of ambiguity, uncertainty and change as businesses struggle to find new paradigms of leadership that can be used cross culturally; mainly because many previously tried and tested approaches such as transactional leadership no longer seem effective in the global context (Robinson & Harvey, 2008). This multi-method research study explored whether or not Values Based Leadership (VBL) is an appropriate leadership framework to assist global leaders in navigating the multiplicity, interdependence, ambiguity and flux of today’s global leadership environment. Based on research gaps discovered during the literature review, this study developed a definitive theoretical framework for VBL in the context of global leadership that distinguishes it from other confused and/or overlapping theories. The methodology consisted of an integrative literature review and subsequent interviews conducted in the phenomenological discipline. Through the process of inductive, thematic analysis; a total of 10 themes emerged based on the participants’ “lived experience.” These themes were: Creates a Positive Organizational Valance by Inspiring Followers and Maintaining Presence, Empowers Others Through Active Follower Engagement, Displays Empathy, Respect & Genuine Caring for Others, Projects Legitimacy by Building Relationships on Trust, Encourages a Learning Organization, Possesses Strong Character, Develops a Strategic Vision & Focuses Resources Accordingly, Strives for Organizational Excellence, Demonstrates Humility & Stewardship, and Promotes Transparency by Effectively Communicating with Followers. This new VBL framework provides insight into universally endorsed leadership values held by today’s global leaders operating across multiple world cultures and contexts. If developed further, the research suggests that this framework could provide a strong foundation to assist global leaders in navigating the multiplicity, interdependence, ambiguity and flux found it today’s modern global business environment. Read Abstract Close Abstract

Dr. Lisa Kindred , 2015

Leadership Fit as a Condition for Meaningful Work: A Study of Iraqi-Born Employees

In this qualitative study a phenomenological approach was utilized to explore the experiences and perceptions of meaningful work for Iraqi refugees in South Bend, Indiana. The central research question examined how the participants constructed meaningful work. This study had a particular focus on the characteristics associated with leadership fit and how leadership fit contributed to perceptions of meaningful work. The research procedure consisted of fifteen in-depth, semi-structured interviews. The findings revealed five overarching themes that contributed to perceptions of meaningful work: 1) having an impact, 2) relationships with others, 3) distinguished from others, 4) correspondence with oneself, and 5) environmental correspondence. While leadership fit did not emerge as a central issue, the participants’ preferred way of relating with a leader was revealed. This study contributes to the growing literature on meaningful work by strengthening a theoretical model and expanding the model with the inclusion of a new pathway to meaningful work. Additionally, this study highlights the importance of applying person-environment fit models with current meaningful work theory. Finally, this study provides practical application for refugee relocation agencies and employers based on the findings and offers suggestions for future meaningful work research. Read Abstract Close Abstract

Dr. Brett Whitaker , 2015

An Analysis of the Academic Disciplinary Development of Global Leadership Education

This research examined the development of global leadership degree granting programs within higher education. This research utilized an organizing framework of academic disciplinary development, and drew upon current theoretical literature describing the nature of global leadership. The two stated purposes of this study were, “to examine the field of global leadership education as compared against established criteria of academic disciplines”, and “to describe the manifestation of global leadership education in three institutions of higher education.” A qualitative, multiple case study approach was utilized in this research. Inductive reasoning formed the basis for inquiry, as this research was exploratory and attempted to describe the nature and history of several degree granting programs. Rigorous qualitative methods were employed, utilizing multiple data sources to gather information and triangulate understanding of each case institution. Within-case and cross-case analysis was conducted to develop emergent themes, and this analysis was augmented through the use of a qualitative analysis software. Verification was achieved through the use of member checking, journaling, and a peer-debrief. Themes emerged for each case institution, and were organized into themes related to the emergence of each program, and themes related to program outcomes. Within the cross-case analysis, three themes emerged: the pragmatic and politically driven emergence and development of programs, the tendency for global leadership programs to be tied to a related disciplinary area and that area to be more strongly represented in the curriculum, and a value orientation among the outcomes of each program. Each of these themes was supported by relevant data, quotes, and observations. The findings of this study support the notion that while global leadership has indeed begun to emerge within higher education, it remains somewhat underdeveloped. Some elements of disciplinary development are present, but most are not. Educators, administrators, and ultimately, students, stand to benefit from rigorous inquiry into the nature of how global leadership is being manifested in higher education. Comprehensively describing the current state of the discipline, will allow program stewards to more intentionally design programs that align with current theoretical and empirical scholarship of global leadership. This research provides the beginning point of that scholarship. Read Abstract Close Abstract

Dr. Paul Hayes, 2014

Virtual Environmental Factors and Leading Global Virtual Teams

This correlative study focuses on the leaders of global virtual teams and determines if there is a comparative advantage in using 3D avatar-based collaborative environments instead of more traditional 2D audio and video teleconferencing environments in terms of fostering engaging environments that lead to improved leader and member interaction. Sixty freshman student volunteers from random Southeastern and Central Florida colleges collaborated in face-to-face and virtual reality environments. The participants were comprised of individuals born in 13 different countries, including the USA. Six participants acted in the role of leader and 24 participants acting in the role of subordination. Each group was comprised of six, five-member teams. The sample consisted of 46 males and 14 females ranging in age from 18 to 30 years old. The study suggests face-to-face participants perceived higher, statistically significant levels of engagement than the teams using Second Life. No statistically significant difference was found between reported levels of leader-member exchange (LMX) quality for either the members of Face-to-Face collaboration or the members of Second Life collaboration. There was no statistically significant difference between composite ratings of LMX relationship quality with measures of engagement as provided by the ITC Sense of Presence Inventory. All employees need training to maximize virtual team collaboration efforts in avatar-based collaboration to ensure collaboration focuses on solving problems and not just re-creating “real world” problems in a virtual world or computer mediated environment. Read Abstract Close Abstract

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New Content From Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science

• Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science
• Cognitive Dissonance
• Meta-Analysis
• Methodology
• Preregistration
• Reproducibility

A Practical Guide to Conversation Research: How to Study What People Say to Each Other Michael Yeomans, F. Katelynn Boland, Hanne Collins, Nicole Abi-Esber, and Alison Wood Brooks  

Conversation—a verbal interaction between two or more people—is a complex, pervasive, and consequential human behavior. Conversations have been studied across many academic disciplines. However, advances in recording and analysis techniques over the last decade have allowed researchers to more directly and precisely examine conversations in natural contexts and at a larger scale than ever before, and these advances open new paths to understand humanity and the social world. Existing reviews of text analysis and conversation research have focused on text generated by a single author (e.g., product reviews, news articles, and public speeches) and thus leave open questions about the unique challenges presented by interactive conversation data (i.e., dialogue). In this article, we suggest approaches to overcome common challenges in the workflow of conversation science, including recording and transcribing conversations, structuring data (to merge turn-level and speaker-level data sets), extracting and aggregating linguistic features, estimating effects, and sharing data. This practical guide is meant to shed light on current best practices and empower more researchers to study conversations more directly—to expand the community of conversation scholars and contribute to a greater cumulative scientific understanding of the social world. 

Open-Science Guidance for Qualitative Research: An Empirically Validated Approach for De-Identifying Sensitive Narrative Data Rebecca Campbell, McKenzie Javorka, Jasmine Engleton, Kathryn Fishwick, Katie Gregory, and Rachael Goodman-Williams  

The open-science movement seeks to make research more transparent and accessible. To that end, researchers are increasingly expected to share de-identified data with other scholars for review, reanalysis, and reuse. In psychology, open-science practices have been explored primarily within the context of quantitative data, but demands to share qualitative data are becoming more prevalent. Narrative data are far more challenging to de-identify fully, and because qualitative methods are often used in studies with marginalized, minoritized, and/or traumatized populations, data sharing may pose substantial risks for participants if their information can be later reidentified. To date, there has been little guidance in the literature on how to de-identify qualitative data. To address this gap, we developed a methodological framework for remediating sensitive narrative data. This multiphase process is modeled on common qualitative-coding strategies. The first phase includes consultations with diverse stakeholders and sources to understand reidentifiability risks and data-sharing concerns. The second phase outlines an iterative process for recognizing potentially identifiable information and constructing individualized remediation strategies through group review and consensus. The third phase includes multiple strategies for assessing the validity of the de-identification analyses (i.e., whether the remediated transcripts adequately protect participants’ privacy). We applied this framework to a set of 32 qualitative interviews with sexual-assault survivors. We provide case examples of how blurring and redaction techniques can be used to protect names, dates, locations, trauma histories, help-seeking experiences, and other information about dyadic interactions. 

Impossible Hypotheses and Effect-Size Limits Wijnand van Tilburg and Lennert van Tilburg

Psychological science is moving toward further specification of effect sizes when formulating hypotheses, performing power analyses, and considering the relevance of findings. This development has sparked an appreciation for the wider context in which such effect sizes are found because the importance assigned to specific sizes may vary from situation to situation. We add to this development a crucial but in psychology hitherto underappreciated contingency: There are mathematical limits to the magnitudes that population effect sizes can take within the common multivariate context in which psychology is situated, and these limits can be far more restrictive than typically assumed. The implication is that some hypothesized or preregistered effect sizes may be impossible. At the same time, these restrictions offer a way of statistically triangulating the plausible range of unknown effect sizes. We explain the reason for the existence of these limits, illustrate how to identify them, and offer recommendations and tools for improving hypothesized effect sizes by exploiting the broader multivariate context in which they occur. 

It’s All About Timing: Exploring Different Temporal Resolutions for Analyzing Digital-Phenotyping Data Anna Langener, Gert Stulp, Nicholas Jacobson, Andrea Costanzo, Raj Jagesar, Martien Kas, and Laura Bringmann  

The use of smartphones and wearable sensors to passively collect data on behavior has great potential for better understanding psychological well-being and mental disorders with minimal burden. However, there are important methodological challenges that may hinder the widespread adoption of these passive measures. A crucial one is the issue of timescale: The chosen temporal resolution for summarizing and analyzing the data may affect how results are interpreted. Despite its importance, the choice of temporal resolution is rarely justified. In this study, we aim to improve current standards for analyzing digital-phenotyping data by addressing the time-related decisions faced by researchers. For illustrative purposes, we use data from 10 students whose behavior (e.g., GPS, app usage) was recorded for 28 days through the Behapp application on their mobile phones. In parallel, the participants actively answered questionnaires on their phones about their mood several times a day. We provide a walk-through on how to study different timescales by doing individualized correlation analyses and random-forest prediction models. By doing so, we demonstrate how choosing different resolutions can lead to different conclusions. Therefore, we propose conducting a multiverse analysis to investigate the consequences of choosing different temporal resolutions. This will improve current standards for analyzing digital-phenotyping data and may help combat the replications crisis caused in part by researchers making implicit decisions. 

Calculating Repeated-Measures Meta-Analytic Effects for Continuous Outcomes: A Tutorial on Pretest–Posttest-Controlled Designs David R. Skvarc, Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz  

Meta-analysis is a statistical technique that combines the results of multiple studies to arrive at a more robust and reliable estimate of an overall effect or estimate of the true effect. Within the context of experimental study designs, standard meta-analyses generally use between-groups differences at a single time point. This approach fails to adequately account for preexisting differences that are likely to threaten causal inference. Meta-analyses that take into account the repeated-measures nature of these data are uncommon, and so this article serves as an instructive methodology for increasing the precision of meta-analyses by attempting to estimate the repeated-measures effect sizes, with particular focus on contexts with two time points and two groups (a between-groups pretest–posttest design)—a common scenario for clinical trials and experiments. In this article, we summarize the concept of a between-groups pretest–posttest meta-analysis and its applications. We then explain the basic steps involved in conducting this meta-analysis, including the extraction of data and several alternative approaches for the calculation of effect sizes. We also highlight the importance of considering the presence of within-subjects correlations when conducting this form of meta-analysis.   

Reliability and Feasibility of Linear Mixed Models in Fully Crossed Experimental Designs Michele Scandola, Emmanuele Tidoni  

The use of linear mixed models (LMMs) is increasing in psychology and neuroscience research In this article, we focus on the implementation of LMMs in fully crossed experimental designs. A key aspect of LMMs is choosing a random-effects structure according to the experimental needs. To date, opposite suggestions are present in the literature, spanning from keeping all random effects (maximal models), which produces several singularity and convergence issues, to removing random effects until the best fit is found, with the risk of inflating Type I error (reduced models). However, defining the random structure to fit a nonsingular and convergent model is not straightforward. Moreover, the lack of a standard approach may lead the researcher to make decisions that potentially inflate Type I errors. After reviewing LMMs, we introduce a step-by-step approach to avoid convergence and singularity issues and control for Type I error inflation during model reduction of fully crossed experimental designs. Specifically, we propose the use of complex random intercepts (CRIs) when maximal models are overparametrized. CRIs are multiple random intercepts that represent the residual variance of categorical fixed effects within a given grouping factor. We validated CRIs and the proposed procedure by extensive simulations and a real-case application. We demonstrate that CRIs can produce reliable results and require less computational resources. Moreover, we outline a few criteria and recommendations on how and when scholars should reduce overparametrized models. Overall, the proposed procedure provides clear solutions to avoid overinflated results using LMMs in psychology and neuroscience.   

Understanding Meta-Analysis Through Data Simulation With Applications to Power Analysis Filippo Gambarota, Gianmarco Altoè  

Meta-analysis is a powerful tool to combine evidence from existing literature. Despite several introductory and advanced materials about organizing, conducting, and reporting a meta-analysis, to our knowledge, there are no introductive materials about simulating the most common meta-analysis models. Data simulation is essential for developing and validating new statistical models and procedures. Furthermore, data simulation is a powerful educational tool for understanding a statistical method. In this tutorial, we show how to simulate equal-effects, random-effects, and metaregression models and illustrate how to estimate statistical power. Simulations for multilevel and multivariate models are available in the Supplemental Material available online. All materials associated with this article can be accessed on OSF ( https://osf.io/54djn/ ).   

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Environmental Science: Nano

Ruthenium confined within hollow spherical carbon nitride as an efficient catalyst for triggering peroxymonosulfate.

Acetaminophen (ACT) has been extensively used nowadays as an effective drug for treating fever and pain, but the refractory ACT released into aquatic environments can hardly be eliminated by ordinary approaches, then causing a serious threat to ecological environment. Herein, a new catalyst of metallic Ru confined within porous hollow spherical carbon nitride (Ru-hsCN) was fabricated for triggering peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and then degrading ACT in solutions. In the Ru-hsCN catalyst, highly dispersed Ru species were immobilized on the hsCN matrix by forming Ru-N bonds. The catalyst of 0.34Ru-hsCN with optimal Ru loading completely removed ACT within 5 min via PMS activation, and the reaction rate reached up to 0.497 min−1. The contrast sample of 0.34Ru-hsCN-imp with Ru aggregation only showed 34.4% of ACT removal in 20 min. It was worth noting that the rate constant of 0.34Ru-hsCN was 18 times higher than that of 0.34Ru-hsCN-imp (0.027 min−1) in the PMS induced ACT degradation. In addition, the 0.34Ru-hsCN/PMS system showed a wide pH working range, satisfactory durability and good tolerance to inorganic anions and cations, where Cl− had a significantly positive effect. Further investigations unveiled that the reactive oxygen species including SO4• ─, OH, O2• ─ and 1O2 were produced in the 0.34Ru-hsCN/PMS system, and singlet oxygen (1O2) was the predominant species which actuated ACT degradation.

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Y. Yin, S. Tian, B. Hu, A. H. ASIF, S. Cui, S. Wang and H. Sun, Environ. Sci.: Nano , 2024, Accepted Manuscript , DOI: 10.1039/D4EN00155A

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Drake's cultural identity is on trial again

Kendrick Lamar made several serious allegations against Drake during their first headline-making rap beef . In his victory-clinching “Not Like Us,” Lamar renews criticisms about Drake’s cultural identity and alleged inauthentic relationships with fellow artists. 

“You called Future when you didn’t see the club/Lil Baby helped you get your lingo up/21 (Savage) gave you false street cred,” Lamar rapped. “You run to Atlanta when you need a few dollars/ No, you not a colleague, you a f--- colonizer.” 

For years, Drake has faced allegations that he cozies up to rap artists and replicates their sound and style for personal gain before moving on to his next project. Rappers like Earl Sweatshirt , Rick Ross and Pusha T have spoken about the purported pattern, and claims of Drake being a “culture vulture” have swirled for at least a decade. 

Most of the allegations lie in adapting phony accents, musical similarities and covers, appearances with burgeoning artists and unproven claims of theft. 

When Drake released his 2015 hit “Hotline Bling” on his Beats 1 Radio Show “OVO Sound,” it was initially billed as a “ Cha Cha remix ,” referring to Virginia singer DRAM’s earlier burgeoning hit. As time went on, though, Drake distanced “Hotline Bling” from the song amid allegations that he essentially stole the track. DRAM has been vocal about his stance, writing in a post on X that fall, “Yeah, I feel I got jacked for my record...But I’m GOOD.”

Drake told The Fader in 2015 that “Hotline Bling” samples Timmy Thomas’ ’70s hit, “Why Can’t We Live Together.” He chalked up similarities between “Hotline Bling” and “Cha Cha” to the artists using a similar “riddim ,” sounds or riffs that act as anchors in Jamaican music. 

“Imagine that in rap, or imagine that in R&B,” Drake said. “Sometimes I’ll pick a beat that’s a bit, like, sunnier, I guess is the word you used, than usual, and I just try my hand at it. And that’s kind of what ‘Hotline Bling’ was. And I loved it. It’s cool. I’ve been excited by that sort of creative process.”

Gabe Niles, who produced “Cha Cha,” has said the song does not sample Thomas’ track. 

Similar controversies have followed Drake throughout his career, making Lamar’s criticisms the latest in a long history of claims that Drake’s industry practices may be exploitative. But for Drake’s defenders, the issue isn’t a matter of exploiting Black cultures and artists, but of race. 

Social media posts about Lamar’s lyrics quickly dissolved into conversations about race in the hip-hop and rap industry. Drake’s fans have long held that his biracial identity — he is both Black and white — along with his Canadian nationality negatively impacts his standing in the industry.

“People cannot fathom that they gave drake (a canadian biracial man) the legacy they NOW feel kendrick (an american black man) should’ve had,” one person wrote in a post on X. Another added : “You don’t get to call out a biracial person for their blackness level. That’s colorism, and I don’t f with that.”

Amara Pope explored Drake’s cultural and racial identities and branding in her 2016 master's thesis , "Musical Artists Capitalizing on Hybrid Identities," and her 2023 Ph.D. dissertation , "Canadian's Redefining R&B." She said Drake’s place in the industry is skewed by both his race and nationality.

“I think that people have questions about Drake’s authenticity when it comes to his Blackness based on, not necessarily what Graham has done,” Pope said, referring to his real name Aubrey Graham, “but the dominant belief … that Canadians are exclusively white and that Canadian music exclusively folk or country and R&B and hip-hop is exclusively created for Black Americans.” Pope added that Drake represents his biracial, Canadian and Jewish roots in his music.

“Drake, for a long time, has talked about not being Black enough to be in hip-hop music,” Pope said.

Drake did not respond to a request for comment from NBC News, but he has rapped about not feeling “Black enough” for the industry and spoken in interviews about feeling “excluded” because he is half-white.

“Sometimes some of my Blackest friends can be just as cruel by making you feel excluded or making you feel like, ‘You can’t get in on this,’” he said in 2019 during an interview with Rap Radar . 

“I associate myself as a Black man,” he said, lamenting feeling that he is not often celebrated as a “Black artist” for his accomplishments. “It’s something that I just acknowledge and I keep it moving.”

A.D. Carson , a professor of hip-hop and the global south at the University of Virginia, doesn’t see it that way, though. Valid criticisms of Drake shouldn’t be flattened into a tragic story, he holds, but should be taken seriously. Drake rose to popularity with melodic hip-hop music rooted in vulnerability and transparency, but this has since seemed to slip into an apparent series of personas that sometimes feels inauthentic and further removes Drake from the sound that fans first fell in love with. 

Carson describes Drake’s alleged behavior in the music industry as “cultural tourism.” Carson is a tenured professor of hip-hop at t the University of Virginia. His dissertation, "Owning My Masters: The Rhetorics of Rhymes & Revolutions," is a rap album set to be released in October.

“Everything he is in proximity to, he appropriates and mimics it,” Carson said of Drake. “He’s able to genre-hop through identity theft, and it’s genre-bending in a way that we definitely critique white artists doing. He’s more insulated from it because of what folks call ‘biracial identity.’”

He added: “Kendrick is asking, ‘what is the cultural identity? What are those things that you possess outside of the means by which you’re going to sell your next product?’ Those are the questions.” 

Drake has drawn criticism for dabbling in sounds from underground subcultures and artists — like Caribbean dancehall, U.K. grime, house music and New Orleans bounce, to name a few. He has addressed the backlash, saying that he is simply appreciating the music and supporting lesser-known artists. 

“I hate that people think that me being into music from these kids that are trying to make it and build a name for themselves is like, ‘Oh that’s some culture vulture,’” he said in a 2019 interview . “What does that even mean? I don’t understand. Would you rather me not acknowledge anything or not support? That’s some real confused hater sh---.”

Critics like Lamar have equated this support to exploitation. In “Euphoria,” Lamar’s initial response to Drake’s “Push Ups” diss track, he implied that Drake’s songs with Black artists result from his supposed identity issues.

“How many more Black features ‘til you finally feel that you’re Black enough?” Lamar raps. 

Meanwhile, Rick Ross, in a diss track of his own, hurled insults about Drake’s race, calling him “white boy.”

Hip-hop, like all music genres, has racial dimensions and cultural affiliations. Conversations — and criticisms — of whiteness in the industry have existed within the genre for decades, especially as it has grown into a lucrative, culture-defining, billion-dollar business. Carson said that conversations about Drake’s biraciality in the industry should not be used to dismiss the valid criticisms of his allegedly exploitative music practices within hip-hop. 

“Drake’s ability to operationalize Blackness insulates him from critique. Somebody would say, ‘Well, you can’t appropriate Blackness if you are Black,’” Carson said. “Nobody is gatekeeping Drake out of Blackness. Folks are asking, ‘How does he benefit from white supremacy?’”

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Char Adams is a reporter for NBC BLK who writes about race.