thesis statements in research papers

Thesis Statements

What this handout is about.

This handout describes what a thesis statement is, how thesis statements work in your writing, and how you can craft or refine one for your draft.

Introduction

Writing in college often takes the form of persuasion—convincing others that you have an interesting, logical point of view on the subject you are studying. Persuasion is a skill you practice regularly in your daily life. You persuade your roommate to clean up, your parents to let you borrow the car, your friend to vote for your favorite candidate or policy. In college, course assignments often ask you to make a persuasive case in writing. You are asked to convince your reader of your point of view. This form of persuasion, often called academic argument, follows a predictable pattern in writing. After a brief introduction of your topic, you state your point of view on the topic directly and often in one sentence. This sentence is the thesis statement, and it serves as a summary of the argument you’ll make in the rest of your paper.

What is a thesis statement?

A thesis statement:

• tells the reader how you will interpret the significance of the subject matter under discussion.
• is a road map for the paper; in other words, it tells the reader what to expect from the rest of the paper.
• directly answers the question asked of you. A thesis is an interpretation of a question or subject, not the subject itself. The subject, or topic, of an essay might be World War II or Moby Dick; a thesis must then offer a way to understand the war or the novel.
• makes a claim that others might dispute.
• is usually a single sentence near the beginning of your paper (most often, at the end of the first paragraph) that presents your argument to the reader. The rest of the paper, the body of the essay, gathers and organizes evidence that will persuade the reader of the logic of your interpretation.

If your assignment asks you to take a position or develop a claim about a subject, you may need to convey that position or claim in a thesis statement near the beginning of your draft. The assignment may not explicitly state that you need a thesis statement because your instructor may assume you will include one. When in doubt, ask your instructor if the assignment requires a thesis statement. When an assignment asks you to analyze, to interpret, to compare and contrast, to demonstrate cause and effect, or to take a stand on an issue, it is likely that you are being asked to develop a thesis and to support it persuasively. (Check out our handout on understanding assignments for more information.)

How do I create a thesis?

A thesis is the result of a lengthy thinking process. Formulating a thesis is not the first thing you do after reading an essay assignment. Before you develop an argument on any topic, you have to collect and organize evidence, look for possible relationships between known facts (such as surprising contrasts or similarities), and think about the significance of these relationships. Once you do this thinking, you will probably have a “working thesis” that presents a basic or main idea and an argument that you think you can support with evidence. Both the argument and your thesis are likely to need adjustment along the way.

Writers use all kinds of techniques to stimulate their thinking and to help them clarify relationships or comprehend the broader significance of a topic and arrive at a thesis statement. For more ideas on how to get started, see our handout on brainstorming .

How do I know if my thesis is strong?

If there’s time, run it by your instructor or make an appointment at the Writing Center to get some feedback. Even if you do not have time to get advice elsewhere, you can do some thesis evaluation of your own. When reviewing your first draft and its working thesis, ask yourself the following :

• Do I answer the question? Re-reading the question prompt after constructing a working thesis can help you fix an argument that misses the focus of the question. If the prompt isn’t phrased as a question, try to rephrase it. For example, “Discuss the effect of X on Y” can be rephrased as “What is the effect of X on Y?”
• Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose? If your thesis simply states facts that no one would, or even could, disagree with, it’s possible that you are simply providing a summary, rather than making an argument.
• Is my thesis statement specific enough? Thesis statements that are too vague often do not have a strong argument. If your thesis contains words like “good” or “successful,” see if you could be more specific: why is something “good”; what specifically makes something “successful”?
• Does my thesis pass the “So what?” test? If a reader’s first response is likely to  be “So what?” then you need to clarify, to forge a relationship, or to connect to a larger issue.
• Does my essay support my thesis specifically and without wandering? If your thesis and the body of your essay do not seem to go together, one of them has to change. It’s okay to change your working thesis to reflect things you have figured out in the course of writing your paper. Remember, always reassess and revise your writing as necessary.
• Does my thesis pass the “how and why?” test? If a reader’s first response is “how?” or “why?” your thesis may be too open-ended and lack guidance for the reader. See what you can add to give the reader a better take on your position right from the beginning.

Suppose you are taking a course on contemporary communication, and the instructor hands out the following essay assignment: “Discuss the impact of social media on public awareness.” Looking back at your notes, you might start with this working thesis:

Social media impacts public awareness in both positive and negative ways.

You can use the questions above to help you revise this general statement into a stronger thesis.

• Do I answer the question? You can analyze this if you rephrase “discuss the impact” as “what is the impact?” This way, you can see that you’ve answered the question only very generally with the vague “positive and negative ways.”
• Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose? Not likely. Only people who maintain that social media has a solely positive or solely negative impact could disagree.
• Is my thesis statement specific enough? No. What are the positive effects? What are the negative effects?
• Does my thesis pass the “how and why?” test? No. Why are they positive? How are they positive? What are their causes? Why are they negative? How are they negative? What are their causes?
• Does my thesis pass the “So what?” test? No. Why should anyone care about the positive and/or negative impact of social media?

After thinking about your answers to these questions, you decide to focus on the one impact you feel strongly about and have strong evidence for:

Because not every voice on social media is reliable, people have become much more critical consumers of information, and thus, more informed voters.

This version is a much stronger thesis! It answers the question, takes a specific position that others can challenge, and it gives a sense of why it matters.

Let’s try another. Suppose your literature professor hands out the following assignment in a class on the American novel: Write an analysis of some aspect of Mark Twain’s novel Huckleberry Finn. “This will be easy,” you think. “I loved Huckleberry Finn!” You grab a pad of paper and write:

Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn is a great American novel.

You begin to analyze your thesis:

• Do I answer the question? No. The prompt asks you to analyze some aspect of the novel. Your working thesis is a statement of general appreciation for the entire novel.

Think about aspects of the novel that are important to its structure or meaning—for example, the role of storytelling, the contrasting scenes between the shore and the river, or the relationships between adults and children. Now you write:

In Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain develops a contrast between life on the river and life on the shore.

• Do I answer the question? Yes!
• Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose? Not really. This contrast is well-known and accepted.
• Is my thesis statement specific enough? It’s getting there–you have highlighted an important aspect of the novel for investigation. However, it’s still not clear what your analysis will reveal.
• Does my thesis pass the “how and why?” test? Not yet. Compare scenes from the book and see what you discover. Free write, make lists, jot down Huck’s actions and reactions and anything else that seems interesting.
• Does my thesis pass the “So what?” test? What’s the point of this contrast? What does it signify?”

After examining the evidence and considering your own insights, you write:

Through its contrasting river and shore scenes, Twain’s Huckleberry Finn suggests that to find the true expression of American democratic ideals, one must leave “civilized” society and go back to nature.

This final thesis statement presents an interpretation of a literary work based on an analysis of its content. Of course, for the essay itself to be successful, you must now present evidence from the novel that will convince the reader of your interpretation.

Works consulted

We consulted these works while writing this handout. This is not a comprehensive list of resources on the handout’s topic, and we encourage you to do your own research to find additional publications. Please do not use this list as a model for the format of your own reference list, as it may not match the citation style you are using. For guidance on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial . We revise these tips periodically and welcome feedback.

Anson, Chris M., and Robert A. Schwegler. 2010. The Longman Handbook for Writers and Readers , 6th ed. New York: Longman.

Lunsford, Andrea A. 2015. The St. Martin’s Handbook , 8th ed. Boston: Bedford/St Martin’s.

Ramage, John D., John C. Bean, and June Johnson. 2018. The Allyn & Bacon Guide to Writing , 8th ed. New York: Pearson.

Ruszkiewicz, John J., Christy Friend, Daniel Seward, and Maxine Hairston. 2010. The Scott, Foresman Handbook for Writers , 9th ed. Boston: Pearson Education.

You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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How to write a thesis statement + examples

What is a thesis statement?

Is a thesis statement a question, how do you write a good thesis statement, how do i know if my thesis statement is good, examples of thesis statements, helpful resources on how to write a thesis statement, frequently asked questions about writing a thesis statement, related articles.

A thesis statement is the main argument of your paper or thesis.

The thesis statement is one of the most important elements of any piece of academic writing . It is a brief statement of your paper’s main argument. Essentially, you are stating what you will be writing about.

You can see your thesis statement as an answer to a question. While it also contains the question, it should really give an answer to the question with new information and not just restate or reiterate it.

Your thesis statement is part of your introduction. Learn more about how to write a good thesis introduction in our introduction guide .

A thesis statement is not a question. A statement must be arguable and provable through evidence and analysis. While your thesis might stem from a research question, it should be in the form of a statement.

Tip: A thesis statement is typically 1-2 sentences. For a longer project like a thesis, the statement may be several sentences or a paragraph.

A good thesis statement needs to do the following:

• Condense the main idea of your thesis into one or two sentences.
• Answer your project’s main research question.
• Clearly state your position in relation to the topic .
• Make an argument that requires support or evidence.

Once you have written down a thesis statement, check if it fulfills the following criteria:

• Your statement needs to be provable by evidence. As an argument, a thesis statement needs to be debatable.
• Your statement needs to be precise. Do not give away too much information in the thesis statement and do not load it with unnecessary information.
• Your statement cannot say that one solution is simply right or simply wrong as a matter of fact. You should draw upon verified facts to persuade the reader of your solution, but you cannot just declare something as right or wrong.

As previously mentioned, your thesis statement should answer a question.

If the question is:

What do you think the City of New York should do to reduce traffic congestion?

A good thesis statement restates the question and answers it:

In this paper, I will argue that the City of New York should focus on providing exclusive lanes for public transport and adaptive traffic signals to reduce traffic congestion by the year 2035.

Here is another example. If the question is:

How can we end poverty?

A good thesis statement should give more than one solution to the problem in question:

In this paper, I will argue that introducing universal basic income can help reduce poverty and positively impact the way we work.

• The Writing Center of the University of North Carolina has a list of questions to ask to see if your thesis is strong .

A thesis statement is part of the introduction of your paper. It is usually found in the first or second paragraph to let the reader know your research purpose from the beginning.

In general, a thesis statement should have one or two sentences. But the length really depends on the overall length of your project. Take a look at our guide about the length of thesis statements for more insight on this topic.

Here is a list of Thesis Statement Examples that will help you understand better how to write them.

Every good essay should include a thesis statement as part of its introduction, no matter the academic level. Of course, if you are a high school student you are not expected to have the same type of thesis as a PhD student.

Here is a great YouTube tutorial showing How To Write An Essay: Thesis Statements .

Research Paper: A step-by-step guide: 3. Thesis Statement & Outline

• 1. Getting Started
• 2. Topic Ideas
• 3. Thesis Statement & Outline
• 4. Appropriate Sources
• 5. Search Techniques
• 6. Taking Notes & Documenting Sources
• 7. Evaluating Sources
• 8. Citations & Plagiarism
• 9. Writing Your Research Paper

About Thesis Statements

Qualities of a thesis statement.

Thesis statements:

• state the subject matter and main ideas of a paper.
• appear in the first paragraph and announces what you will discuss in your paper.
• define the scope and focus of your essay, and tells your reader what to expect.  
• are not a simple factual statement.  It is an assertion that states your claims and that you can prove with evidence.
• should be the product of research and your own critical thinking.
• can be very helpful in constructing an outline for your essay; for each point you make, ask yourself whether it is relevant to the thesis.

Steps you can use to create a thesis statement

1. Start out with the main topic and focus of your essay.

youth gangs + prevention and intervention programs

2. Make a claim or argument in one sentence.  It can be helpful to start with a question which you then turn into an argument

Can prevention and intervention programs stop youth gang activities?  How?  ►►►  "Prevention and intervention programs can stop youth gang activities by giving teens something else to do."

3. Revise the sentence by using specific terms.

"Early prevention programs in schools are the most effective way to prevent youth gang involvement by giving teens good activities that offer a path to success."

4. Further revise the sentence to cover the scope of your essay and make a strong statement.

"Among various prevention and intervention efforts that have been made to deal with the rapid growth of youth gangs, early school-based prevention programs are the most effective way to prevent youth gang involvement, which they do by giving teens meaningful activities that offer pathways to achievement and success."

5. Keep your thesis statement flexible and revise it as needed. In the process of researching and writing, you may find new information or refine your understanding of the topic.

You can view this short video for more tips on how to write a clear thesis statement.

An outline is the skeleton of your essay, in which you list the arguments and subtopics in a logical order. A good outline is an important element in writing a good paper. An outline helps to target your research areas, keep you within the scope without going off-track, and it can also help to keep your argument in good order when writing the essay.  Once your outline is in good shape, it is much easier to write your paper; you've already done most of the thinking, so you just need to fill in the outline with a paragraph for each point.

To write an outline: The most common way to write an outline is the list format.  List all the major topics and subtopics with the key points that support them. Put similar topics and points together and arrange them in a logical order.    Include an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. 

A list outline should arrange the main points or arguments in a hierarchical structure indicated by Roman numerals for main ideas (I, II, III...), capital letters for subtopics (A, B, C...), Arabic numerals for details (1,2,3...), and lower-case letters for fine details if needed (a,b,c...). This helps keep things organized.  

Here is a shortened example of an outline:

Introduction: background and thesis statement

I. First topic

1. Supporting evidence 2. Supporting evidence

II. Second Topic

III. Third Topic

I. Summarize the main points of your paper II. Restate your thesis in different words III. Make a strong final statement

You can see examples of a few different kinds of outlines and get more help at the Purdue OWL .

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How to Write a Thesis Statement for a Research Paper

4-minute read

• 26th July 2023

A strong thesis statement is the foundation of a successful research paper . The thesis gives focus to your ideas, engages readers, and sets the tone for the rest of the paper. You’ve spent substantial time and effort to craft a well-written and effective study , so you want your thesis statement to accurately reflect the impact of your work.

However, writing a thesis is often easier said than done. So if you’ve already got the arguments, the data, and the conclusions, keep scrolling for our straightforward guide on how to write a thesis statement for a research paper.

What Is a Thesis Statement?

A thesis statement is a clear and succinct assertion that presents the main argument or central idea of a research paper or other academic work. You usually find the thesis, which serves as a road map for the entire piece of writing, at the end of the introductory paragraph. The thesis also highlights the importance and relevance of the research topic , explaining why it’s worth studying and what impact it may have.

A good thesis statement also invites critical discussion and debate. Although your statement should provide a compelling argument , it should also inspire readers to engage with your ideas and potentially challenge or explore alternative viewpoints.

How to Write a Thesis Statement

Your thesis statement should outline the scope and boundaries of the paper and indicate what aspects of the topic you’ll cover. But now that you know what a good thesis statement entails, where should you start? Check out our series of steps below for help on writing an impactful thesis statement that accurately summarizes your research and arguments.

Understand the Purpose of Your Research

Before you can write a thesis statement, you need to understand the purpose and scope of your research. Pinpoint the specific topic or issue you’ll be exploring and the main objective of your paper. You should also familiarize yourself with the existing literature and research related to your topic because these will help you refine your focus and identify gaps in the existing knowledge that your research can address.

Consider the Impact of Your Research

Your thesis statement should answer the question, What is the relevance? – meaning it should tell the reader what the practical implications of your research are, why the research is significant, and what it adds to the broader academic landscape.

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Make a Concise Claim or Argument

Your statement should be clear, specific, and concise, conveying the main point of your research in one or two sentences. It should present a claim or argument that you’ll go on to support and defend in your paper, so avoid purely factual or self-evident statements. Be precise in your wording and tailor your thesis statement to the scope of your research – don’t introduce a new or unrelated topic that you don’t expressly address in your paper. The thesis statement is meant to indicate what the reader can expect to find in your paper, and you must support the thesis with evidence throughout.

Revise and Refine the Statement

Crafting a strong thesis statement may require multiple attempts, so take the time to revise and edit it until you’re satisfied that it meets your requirements.

Example Thesis Statement

Below is an example of a strong thesis statement that clearly emphasizes the main points of a research topic:

In this example, the thesis statement clearly identifies the main topic (technology’s impact on education) and presents a strong argument about technology’s positive effects. The thesis conveys the essential message of the research concisely in one sentence, leaving no doubt about the position of the author and what they’ll address in the paper.

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While Sandel argues that pursuing perfection through genetic engineering would decrease our sense of humility, he claims that the sense of solidarity we would lose is also important.

This thesis summarizes several points in Sandel’s argument, but it does not make a claim about how we should understand his argument. A reader who read Sandel’s argument would not also need to read an essay based on this descriptive thesis.  

Broad thesis (arguable, but difficult to support with evidence) 

Michael Sandel’s arguments about genetic engineering do not take into consideration all the relevant issues.

This is an arguable claim because it would be possible to argue against it by saying that Michael Sandel’s arguments do take all of the relevant issues into consideration. But the claim is too broad. Because the thesis does not specify which “issues” it is focused on—or why it matters if they are considered—readers won’t know what the rest of the essay will argue, and the writer won’t know what to focus on. If there is a particular issue that Sandel does not address, then a more specific version of the thesis would include that issue—hand an explanation of why it is important.  

Arguable thesis with analytical claim 

While Sandel argues persuasively that our instinct to “remake” (54) ourselves into something ever more perfect is a problem, his belief that we can always draw a line between what is medically necessary and what makes us simply “better than well” (51) is less convincing.

This is an arguable analytical claim. To argue for this claim, the essay writer will need to show how evidence from the article itself points to this interpretation. It’s also a reasonable scope for a thesis because it can be supported with evidence available in the text and is neither too broad nor too narrow.  

Arguable thesis with normative claim 

Given Sandel’s argument against genetic enhancement, we should not allow parents to decide on using Human Growth Hormone for their children.

This thesis tells us what we should do about a particular issue discussed in Sandel’s article, but it does not tell us how we should understand Sandel’s argument.  

Questions to ask about your thesis 

• Is the thesis truly arguable? Does it speak to a genuine dilemma in the source, or would most readers automatically agree with it?  
• Is the thesis too obvious? Again, would most or all readers agree with it without needing to see your argument?  
• Is the thesis complex enough to require a whole essay's worth of argument?  
• Is the thesis supportable with evidence from the text rather than with generalizations or outside research?  
• Would anyone want to read a paper in which this thesis was developed? That is, can you explain what this paper is adding to our understanding of a problem, question, or topic?
• picture_as_pdf Thesis

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Tips and Examples for Writing Thesis Statements

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Tips for Writing Your Thesis Statement

1. Determine what kind of paper you are writing:

• An analytical paper breaks down an issue or an idea into its component parts, evaluates the issue or idea, and presents this breakdown and evaluation to the audience.
• An expository (explanatory) paper explains something to the audience.
• An argumentative paper makes a claim about a topic and justifies this claim with specific evidence. The claim could be an opinion, a policy proposal, an evaluation, a cause-and-effect statement, or an interpretation. The goal of the argumentative paper is to convince the audience that the claim is true based on the evidence provided.

If you are writing a text that does not fall under these three categories (e.g., a narrative), a thesis statement somewhere in the first paragraph could still be helpful to your reader.

2. Your thesis statement should be specific—it should cover only what you will discuss in your paper and should be supported with specific evidence.

3. The thesis statement usually appears at the end of the first paragraph of a paper.

4. Your topic may change as you write, so you may need to revise your thesis statement to reflect exactly what you have discussed in the paper.

Thesis Statement Examples

Example of an analytical thesis statement:

The paper that follows should:

• Explain the analysis of the college admission process
• Explain the challenge facing admissions counselors

Example of an expository (explanatory) thesis statement:

• Explain how students spend their time studying, attending class, and socializing with peers

Example of an argumentative thesis statement:

• Present an argument and give evidence to support the claim that students should pursue community projects before entering college

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Writing a Paper: Thesis Statements

Basics of thesis statements.

The thesis statement is the brief articulation of your paper's central argument and purpose. You might hear it referred to as simply a "thesis." Every scholarly paper should have a thesis statement, and strong thesis statements are concise, specific, and arguable. Concise means the thesis is short: perhaps one or two sentences for a shorter paper. Specific means the thesis deals with a narrow and focused topic, appropriate to the paper's length. Arguable means that a scholar in your field could disagree (or perhaps already has!).

Strong thesis statements address specific intellectual questions, have clear positions, and use a structure that reflects the overall structure of the paper. Read on to learn more about constructing a strong thesis statement.

Being Specific

This thesis statement has no specific argument:

Needs Improvement: In this essay, I will examine two scholarly articles to find similarities and differences.

This statement is concise, but it is neither specific nor arguable—a reader might wonder, "Which scholarly articles? What is the topic of this paper? What field is the author writing in?" Additionally, the purpose of the paper—to "examine…to find similarities and differences" is not of a scholarly level. Identifying similarities and differences is a good first step, but strong academic argument goes further, analyzing what those similarities and differences might mean or imply.

Better: In this essay, I will argue that Bowler's (2003) autocratic management style, when coupled with Smith's (2007) theory of social cognition, can reduce the expenses associated with employee turnover.

The new revision here is still concise, as well as specific and arguable.  We can see that it is specific because the writer is mentioning (a) concrete ideas and (b) exact authors.  We can also gather the field (business) and the topic (management and employee turnover). The statement is arguable because the student goes beyond merely comparing; he or she draws conclusions from that comparison ("can reduce the expenses associated with employee turnover").

Making a Unique Argument

This thesis draft repeats the language of the writing prompt without making a unique argument:

Needs Improvement: The purpose of this essay is to monitor, assess, and evaluate an educational program for its strengths and weaknesses. Then, I will provide suggestions for improvement.

You can see here that the student has simply stated the paper's assignment, without articulating specifically how he or she will address it. The student can correct this error simply by phrasing the thesis statement as a specific answer to the assignment prompt.

Better: Through a series of student interviews, I found that Kennedy High School's antibullying program was ineffective. In order to address issues of conflict between students, I argue that Kennedy High School should embrace policies outlined by the California Department of Education (2010).

Words like "ineffective" and "argue" show here that the student has clearly thought through the assignment and analyzed the material; he or she is putting forth a specific and debatable position. The concrete information ("student interviews," "antibullying") further prepares the reader for the body of the paper and demonstrates how the student has addressed the assignment prompt without just restating that language.

Creating a Debate

This thesis statement includes only obvious fact or plot summary instead of argument:

Needs Improvement: Leadership is an important quality in nurse educators.

A good strategy to determine if your thesis statement is too broad (and therefore, not arguable) is to ask yourself, "Would a scholar in my field disagree with this point?" Here, we can see easily that no scholar is likely to argue that leadership is an unimportant quality in nurse educators.  The student needs to come up with a more arguable claim, and probably a narrower one; remember that a short paper needs a more focused topic than a dissertation.

Better: Roderick's (2009) theory of participatory leadership  is particularly appropriate to nurse educators working within the emergency medicine field, where students benefit most from collegial and kinesthetic learning.

Here, the student has identified a particular type of leadership ("participatory leadership"), narrowing the topic, and has made an arguable claim (this type of leadership is "appropriate" to a specific type of nurse educator). Conceivably, a scholar in the nursing field might disagree with this approach. The student's paper can now proceed, providing specific pieces of evidence to support the arguable central claim.

Choosing the Right Words

This thesis statement uses large or scholarly-sounding words that have no real substance:

Needs Improvement: Scholars should work to seize metacognitive outcomes by harnessing discipline-based networks to empower collaborative infrastructures.

There are many words in this sentence that may be buzzwords in the student's field or key terms taken from other texts, but together they do not communicate a clear, specific meaning. Sometimes students think scholarly writing means constructing complex sentences using special language, but actually it's usually a stronger choice to write clear, simple sentences. When in doubt, remember that your ideas should be complex, not your sentence structure.

Better: Ecologists should work to educate the U.S. public on conservation methods by making use of local and national green organizations to create a widespread communication plan.

Notice in the revision that the field is now clear (ecology), and the language has been made much more field-specific ("conservation methods," "green organizations"), so the reader is able to see concretely the ideas the student is communicating.

Leaving Room for Discussion

This thesis statement is not capable of development or advancement in the paper:

Needs Improvement: There are always alternatives to illegal drug use.

This sample thesis statement makes a claim, but it is not a claim that will sustain extended discussion. This claim is the type of claim that might be appropriate for the conclusion of a paper, but in the beginning of the paper, the student is left with nowhere to go. What further points can be made? If there are "always alternatives" to the problem the student is identifying, then why bother developing a paper around that claim? Ideally, a thesis statement should be complex enough to explore over the length of the entire paper.

Better: The most effective treatment plan for methamphetamine addiction may be a combination of pharmacological and cognitive therapy, as argued by Baker (2008), Smith (2009), and Xavier (2011).

In the revised thesis, you can see the student make a specific, debatable claim that has the potential to generate several pages' worth of discussion. When drafting a thesis statement, think about the questions your thesis statement will generate: What follow-up inquiries might a reader have? In the first example, there are almost no additional questions implied, but the revised example allows for a good deal more exploration.

Thesis Mad Libs

If you are having trouble getting started, try using the models below to generate a rough model of a thesis statement! These models are intended for drafting purposes only and should not appear in your final work.

• In this essay, I argue ____, using ______ to assert _____.
• While scholars have often argued ______, I argue______, because_______.
• Through an analysis of ______, I argue ______, which is important because_______.

Words to Avoid and to Embrace

When drafting your thesis statement, avoid words like explore, investigate, learn, compile, summarize , and explain to describe the main purpose of your paper. These words imply a paper that summarizes or "reports," rather than synthesizing and analyzing.

Instead of the terms above, try words like argue, critique, question , and interrogate . These more analytical words may help you begin strongly, by articulating a specific, critical, scholarly position.

Read Kayla's blog post for tips on taking a stand in a well-crafted thesis statement.

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Writing a thesis statement.

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A thesis statement is a declarative sentence that asserts the position a paper will be taking. This statement should be both specific and arguable. Generally, the thesis statement will be placed at the end of the first paragraph of your paper. The remainder of your paper will support this thesis.

After you've landed on a satisfactory topic, your next step will be to solidify the position you would like to take and write a clear and succinct thesis statement which will lay the foundation for the rest of your paper.

For the sake of example, let's say that you've chosen to argue the merits of eating locally grown foods. You want to focus on the positive effects that this will have on one's health, the local economy, and on global ecology. You also want to dispel the myth that eating locally is more expensive, and therefore, the exclusive purview of the upper middle class.

An example of a thesis statement outlining your position might look like this:

The locavore movement that has gained popularity in the United States over the past several years offers a way to increase health, support the local economy, and promote global ecology by making some simple changes to the way that you and your family eat. Although frequently criticized for being far more expensive than eating factory-farmed foods, the truth is that the costs of home gardening and the prices for which you can purchase food at your local farmer's market are often far less expensive alternatives than buying from a chain grocer, not to mention safer and more nutritious.

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How to write a thesis statement for a research paper

The thesis statement is the central argument of your research paper makes and serves as a roadmap for the entire essay. Therefore, writing a strong thesis statement is essential for crafting a successful research paper—but it can also be one of the most challenging aspects of the writing process. In this post, we discuss strategies for creating a quality thesis statement.

What is a thesis statement?

A thesis statement is the main argument of an academic essay or research paper . It states directly what you plan to argue in the paper.

A thesis statement is typically a single sentence, but it can be longer depending on the length and type of paper that you’re writing.

How to write a good thesis statement

In this section, we outline five key tips for writing a good thesis statement. If you’re struggling to come up with a research topic or a thesis, consider asking your instructor or a librarian for additional assistance.

1. Start with a question

A good thesis statement should be an answer to a research question. Start by asking a question about your topic that you want to address in your paper. This will help you focus your research and give your paper direction. The thesis statement should be a concise answer to this question.

Your research question should not be too broad or narrow. If the question is too broad, you may not be able to answer it effectively. If the question is too narrow, you may not have enough material to write a complete research paper. As a result, it’s important to strike a balance between a question that is too broad and one that is too narrow.

Thesis statements always respond to an existing scholarly conversation; so, formulate your research question and thesis in response to a current debate. Are there gaps in the current research? Where might your argument intervene?

2. Be specific

Your thesis statement should be specific and precise. It should clearly state the main point that you will be arguing in your paper. Avoid vague or general statements that are not arguable (see below). The more specific your thesis statement is, the easier it will be to write your paper.

To make your thesis statement specific, focus on a particular aspect of your topic. For example, if your topic is about the effects of social media on mental health, you can focus on a specific age group or a particular social media platform.

3. Make it debatable

A good thesis statement must be debatable (otherwise, it’s not actually an argument). It should present an argument that can be supported with evidence. Avoid statements that are purely factual or descriptive. Your thesis statement should take a position on a topic and argue for its validity.

4. Use strong language

Use strong, definitive language in your thesis statement. Try to avoid sounding tentative or uncertain. Your thesis statement should be confident and assertive, and it should clearly state your position on the topic.

It’s a myth that you can’t use “I” in an academic paper, so consider constructing your thesis statement in the form of “I argue that…” This conveys a strong and firm position.

To help make your thesis more assertive, avoid using vague language. For example, instead of writing, "I think social media has a negative impact on mental health," you might write, "Social media has a negative impact on mental health" or “I argue that social media has a negative impact on mental health.”

5. Revise and refine

Finally, remember that your thesis statement is not set in stone. You may need to revise, and refine, it as you conduct your research and write your paper. Don't be afraid to make changes to your thesis statement as you go along.

As you conduct your research and write your paper, you may discover new information that requires you to adjust your thesis statement. Or, as you work through a second draft, you might find that you’ve actually argued something different than you intended. Therefore, it is important to be flexible and open to making changes to your thesis statement.

The bottom line

Remember that your thesis statement is the foundation of your paper, so it's important to spend time crafting it carefully. A solid thesis enables you to write a research paper that effectively communicates your argument to your readers.

Frequently Asked Questions about how to create a thesis statement

Here is an example of a thesis statement: “I argue that social media has a negative impact on mental health.”

A good thesis statement should be an answer to a research question. Start by asking a question about your topic that you want to answer in your paper. The thesis statement should be a concise answer to this question.

Start your thesis statement with the words, “I argue that…” This conveys a strong and firm position.

A strong thesis is a direct, 1-2 sentence statement of your paper’s main argument. Good thesis statements are specific, balanced, and formed in response to an ongoing scholarly conversation.

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For students and teachers.

Thesis and Purpose Statements

Use the guidelines below to learn the differences between thesis and purpose statements.

In the first stages of writing, thesis or purpose statements are usually rough or ill-formed and are useful primarily as planning tools.

A thesis statement or purpose statement will emerge as you think and write about a topic. The statement can be restricted or clarified and eventually worked into an introduction.

As you revise your paper, try to phrase your thesis or purpose statement in a precise way so that it matches the content and organization of your paper.

Thesis statements

A thesis statement is a sentence that makes an assertion about a topic and predicts how the topic will be developed. It does not simply announce a topic: it says something about the topic.

Good: X has made a significant impact on the teenage population due to its . . . Bad: In this paper, I will discuss X.

A thesis statement makes a promise to the reader about the scope, purpose, and direction of the paper. It summarizes the conclusions that the writer has reached about the topic.

A thesis statement is generally located near the end of the introduction. Sometimes in a long paper, the thesis will be expressed in several sentences or an entire paragraph.

A thesis statement is focused and specific enough to be proven within the boundaries of the paper. Key words (nouns and verbs) should be specific, accurate, and indicative of the range of research, thrust of the argument or analysis, and the organization of supporting information.

Purpose statements

A purpose statement announces the purpose, scope, and direction of the paper. It tells the reader what to expect in a paper and what the specific focus will be.

Common beginnings include:

“This paper examines . . .,” “The aim of this paper is to . . .,” and “The purpose of this essay is to . . .”

A purpose statement makes a promise to the reader about the development of the argument but does not preview the particular conclusions that the writer has drawn.

A purpose statement usually appears toward the end of the introduction. The purpose statement may be expressed in several sentences or even an entire paragraph.

A purpose statement is specific enough to satisfy the requirements of the assignment. Purpose statements are common in research papers in some academic disciplines, while in other disciplines they are considered too blunt or direct. If you are unsure about using a purpose statement, ask your instructor.

This paper will examine the ecological destruction of the Sahel preceding the drought and the causes of this disintegration of the land. The focus will be on the economic, political, and social relationships which brought about the environmental problems in the Sahel.

Sample purpose and thesis statements

The following example combines a purpose statement and a thesis statement (bold).

The goal of this paper is to examine the effects of Chile’s agrarian reform on the lives of rural peasants. The nature of the topic dictates the use of both a chronological and a comparative analysis of peasant lives at various points during the reform period. . . The Chilean reform example provides evidence that land distribution is an essential component of both the improvement of peasant conditions and the development of a democratic society. More extensive and enduring reforms would likely have allowed Chile the opportunity to further expand these horizons.

For more tips about writing thesis statements, take a look at our new handout on Developing a Thesis Statement.

Writing Process and Structure

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Getting Started with Your Paper

Interpreting Writing Assignments from Your Courses

Generating Ideas for Your Paper

Creating an Argument

Thesis vs. Purpose Statements

Developing a Thesis Statement

Architecture of Arguments

Working with Sources

Quoting and Paraphrasing Sources

Using Literary Quotations

Citing Sources in Your Paper

Drafting Your Paper

Introductions

Paragraphing

Developing Strategic Transitions

Conclusions

Revising Your Paper

Peer Reviews

Reverse Outlines

Revising an Argumentative Paper

Revision Strategies for Longer Projects

Finishing Your Paper

Twelve Common Errors: An Editing Checklist

How to Proofread your Paper

Writing Collaboratively

Collaborative and Group Writing

25 Thesis Statement Examples

A thesis statement is needed in an essay or dissertation . There are multiple types of thesis statements – but generally we can divide them into expository and argumentative. An expository statement is a statement of fact (common in expository essays and process essays) while an argumentative statement is a statement of opinion (common in argumentative essays and dissertations). Below are examples of each.

Strong Thesis Statement Examples

1. School Uniforms

“Mandatory school uniforms should be implemented in educational institutions as they promote a sense of equality, reduce distractions, and foster a focused and professional learning environment.”

Best For: Argumentative Essay or Debate

Read More: School Uniforms Pros and Cons

2. Nature vs Nurture

“This essay will explore how both genetic inheritance and environmental factors equally contribute to shaping human behavior and personality.”

Best For: Compare and Contrast Essay

Read More: Nature vs Nurture Debate

3. American Dream

“The American Dream, a symbol of opportunity and success, is increasingly elusive in today’s socio-economic landscape, revealing deeper inequalities in society.”

Best For: Persuasive Essay

Read More: What is the American Dream?

4. Social Media

“Social media has revolutionized communication and societal interactions, but it also presents significant challenges related to privacy, mental health, and misinformation.”

Best For: Expository Essay

Read More: The Pros and Cons of Social Media

5. Globalization

“Globalization has created a world more interconnected than ever before, yet it also amplifies economic disparities and cultural homogenization.”

Read More: Globalization Pros and Cons

6. Urbanization

“Urbanization drives economic growth and social development, but it also poses unique challenges in sustainability and quality of life.”

Read More: Learn about Urbanization

7. Immigration

“Immigration enriches receiving countries culturally and economically, outweighing any perceived social or economic burdens.”

Read More: Immigration Pros and Cons

8. Cultural Identity

“In a globalized world, maintaining distinct cultural identities is crucial for preserving cultural diversity and fostering global understanding, despite the challenges of assimilation and homogenization.”

Best For: Argumentative Essay

Read More: Learn about Cultural Identity

9. Technology

“Medical technologies in care institutions in Toronto has increased subjcetive outcomes for patients with chronic pain.”

Best For: Research Paper

10. Capitalism vs Socialism

“The debate between capitalism and socialism centers on balancing economic freedom and inequality, each presenting distinct approaches to resource distribution and social welfare.”

11. Cultural Heritage

“The preservation of cultural heritage is essential, not only for cultural identity but also for educating future generations, outweighing the arguments for modernization and commercialization.”

12. Pseudoscience

“Pseudoscience, characterized by a lack of empirical support, continues to influence public perception and decision-making, often at the expense of scientific credibility.”

Read More: Examples of Pseudoscience

13. Free Will

“The concept of free will is largely an illusion, with human behavior and decisions predominantly determined by biological and environmental factors.”

Read More: Do we have Free Will?

14. Gender Roles

“Traditional gender roles are outdated and harmful, restricting individual freedoms and perpetuating gender inequalities in modern society.”

Read More: What are Traditional Gender Roles?

15. Work-Life Ballance

“The trend to online and distance work in the 2020s led to improved subjective feelings of work-life balance but simultaneously increased self-reported loneliness.”

Read More: Work-Life Balance Examples

16. Universal Healthcare

“Universal healthcare is a fundamental human right and the most effective system for ensuring health equity and societal well-being, outweighing concerns about government involvement and costs.”

Read More: The Pros and Cons of Universal Healthcare

17. Minimum Wage

“The implementation of a fair minimum wage is vital for reducing economic inequality, yet it is often contentious due to its potential impact on businesses and employment rates.”

Read More: The Pros and Cons of Raising the Minimum Wage

18. Homework

“The homework provided throughout this semester has enabled me to achieve greater self-reflection, identify gaps in my knowledge, and reinforce those gaps through spaced repetition.”

Best For: Reflective Essay

Read More: Reasons Homework Should be Banned

19. Charter Schools

“Charter schools offer alternatives to traditional public education, promising innovation and choice but also raising questions about accountability and educational equity.”

Read More: The Pros and Cons of Charter Schools

20. Effects of the Internet

“The Internet has drastically reshaped human communication, access to information, and societal dynamics, generally with a net positive effect on society.”

Read More: The Pros and Cons of the Internet

21. Affirmative Action

“Affirmative action is essential for rectifying historical injustices and achieving true meritocracy in education and employment, contrary to claims of reverse discrimination.”

Best For: Essay

Read More: Affirmative Action Pros and Cons

22. Soft Skills

“Soft skills, such as communication and empathy, are increasingly recognized as essential for success in the modern workforce, and therefore should be a strong focus at school and university level.”

Read More: Soft Skills Examples

23. Moral Panic

“Moral panic, often fueled by media and cultural anxieties, can lead to exaggerated societal responses that sometimes overlook rational analysis and evidence.”

Read More: Moral Panic Examples

24. Freedom of the Press

“Freedom of the press is critical for democracy and informed citizenship, yet it faces challenges from censorship, media bias, and the proliferation of misinformation.”

Read More: Freedom of the Press Examples

25. Mass Media

“Mass media shapes public opinion and cultural norms, but its concentration of ownership and commercial interests raise concerns about bias and the quality of information.”

Best For: Critical Analysis

Read More: Mass Media Examples

Checklist: How to use your Thesis Statement

✅ Position: If your statement is for an argumentative or persuasive essay, or a dissertation, ensure it takes a clear stance on the topic. ✅ Specificity: It addresses a specific aspect of the topic, providing focus for the essay. ✅ Conciseness: Typically, a thesis statement is one to two sentences long. It should be concise, clear, and easily identifiable. ✅ Direction: The thesis statement guides the direction of the essay, providing a roadmap for the argument, narrative, or explanation. ✅ Evidence-based: While the thesis statement itself doesn’t include evidence, it sets up an argument that can be supported with evidence in the body of the essay. ✅ Placement: Generally, the thesis statement is placed at the end of the introduction of an essay.

Try These AI Prompts – Thesis Statement Generator!

One way to brainstorm thesis statements is to get AI to brainstorm some for you! Try this AI prompt:

💡 AI PROMPT FOR EXPOSITORY THESIS STATEMENT I am writing an essay on [TOPIC] and these are the instructions my teacher gave me: [INSTUCTIONS]. I want you to create an expository thesis statement that doesn’t argue a position, but demonstrates depth of knowledge about the topic.

💡 AI PROMPT FOR ARGUMENTATIVE THESIS STATEMENT I am writing an essay on [TOPIC] and these are the instructions my teacher gave me: [INSTRUCTIONS]. I want you to create an argumentative thesis statement that clearly takes a position on this issue.

💡 AI PROMPT FOR COMPARE AND CONTRAST THESIS STATEMENT I am writing a compare and contrast essay that compares [Concept 1] and [Concept2]. Give me 5 potential single-sentence thesis statements that remain objective.

Chris Drew (PhD)

Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. [Image Descriptor: Photo of Chris]

• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ 15 Animism Examples
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ 10 Magical Thinking Examples
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ Social-Emotional Learning (Definition, Examples, Pros & Cons)
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ What is Educational Psychology?

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25 Thesis Statement Examples That Will Make Writing a Breeze

Understanding what makes a good thesis statement is one of the major keys to writing a great research paper or argumentative essay. The thesis statement is where you make a claim that will guide you through your entire paper. If you find yourself struggling to make sense of your paper or your topic, then it's likely due to a weak thesis statement.

Let's take a minute to first understand what makes a solid thesis statement, and what key components you need to write one of your own.

A thesis statement always goes at the beginning of the paper. It will typically be in the first couple of paragraphs of the paper so that it can introduce the body paragraphs, which are the supporting evidence for your thesis statement.

Your thesis statement should clearly identify an argument. You need to have a statement that is not only easy to understand, but one that is debatable. What that means is that you can't just put any statement of fact and have it be your thesis. For example, everyone knows that puppies are cute . An ineffective thesis statement would be, "Puppies are adorable and everyone knows it." This isn't really something that's a debatable topic.

Something that would be more debatable would be, "A puppy's cuteness is derived from its floppy ears, small body, and playfulness." These are three things that can be debated on. Some people might think that the cutest thing about puppies is the fact that they follow you around or that they're really soft and fuzzy.

All cuteness aside, you want to make sure that your thesis statement is not only debatable, but that it also actually thoroughly answers the research question that was posed. You always want to make sure that your evidence is supporting a claim that you made (and not the other way around). This is why it's crucial to read and research about a topic first and come to a conclusion later. If you try to get your research to fit your thesis statement, then it may not work out as neatly as you think. As you learn more, you discover more (and the outcome may not be what you originally thought).

Additionally, your thesis statement shouldn't be too big or too grand. It'll be hard to cover everything in a thesis statement like, "The federal government should act now on climate change." The topic is just too large to actually say something new and meaningful. Instead, a more effective thesis statement might be, "Local governments can combat climate change by providing citizens with larger recycling bins and offering local classes about composting and conservation." This is easier to work with because it's a smaller idea, but you can also discuss the overall topic that you might be interested in, which is climate change.

So, now that we know what makes a good, solid thesis statement, you can start to write your own. If you find that you're getting stuck or you are the type of person who needs to look at examples before you start something, then check out our list of thesis statement examples below.

Thesis statement examples

A quick note that these thesis statements have not been fully researched. These are merely examples to show you what a thesis statement might look like and how you can implement your own ideas into one that you think of independently. As such, you should not use these thesis statements for your own research paper purposes. They are meant to be used as examples only.

• Vaccinations Because many children are unable to vaccinate due to illness, we must require that all healthy and able children be vaccinated in order to have herd immunity.
• Educational Resources for Low-Income Students Schools should provide educational resources for low-income students during the summers so that they don't forget what they've learned throughout the school year.
• School Uniforms School uniforms may be an upfront cost for families, but they eradicate the visual differences in income between students and provide a more egalitarian atmosphere at school.
• Populism The rise in populism on the 2016 political stage was in reaction to increasing globalization, the decline of manufacturing jobs, and the Syrian refugee crisis.
• Public Libraries Libraries are essential resources for communities and should be funded more heavily by local municipalities.
• Cyber Bullying With more and more teens using smartphones and social media, cyber bullying is on the rise. Cyber bullying puts a lot of stress on many teens, and can cause depression, anxiety, and even suicidal thoughts. Parents should limit the usage of smart phones, monitor their children's online activity, and report any cyber bullying to school officials in order to combat this problem.
• Medical Marijuana for Veterans Studies have shown that the use of medicinal marijuana has been helpful to veterans who suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Medicinal marijuana prescriptions should be legal in all states and provided to these veterans. Additional medical or therapy services should also be researched and implemented in order to help them re-integrate back into civilian life.
• Work-Life Balance Corporations should provide more work from home opportunities and six-hour workdays so that office workers have a better work-life balance and are more likely to be productive when they are in the office.
• Teaching Youths about Consensual Sex Although sex education that includes a discussion of consensual sex would likely lead to less sexual assault, parents need to teach their children the meaning of consent from a young age with age appropriate lessons.
• Whether or Not to Attend University A degree from a university provides invaluable lessons on life and a future career, but not every high school student should be encouraged to attend a university directly after graduation. Some students may benefit from a trade school or a "gap year" where they can think more intensely about what it is they want to do for a career and how they can accomplish this.
• Studying Abroad Studying abroad is one of the most culturally valuable experiences you can have in college. It is the only way to get completely immersed in another language and learn how other cultures and countries are different from your own.
• Women's Body Image Magazines have done a lot in the last five years to include a more diverse group of models, but there is still a long way to go to promote a healthy woman's body image collectively as a culture.
• Cigarette Tax Heavily taxing and increasing the price of cigarettes is essentially a tax on the poorest Americans, and it doesn't deter them from purchasing. Instead, the state and federal governments should target those economically disenfranchised with early education about the dangers of smoking.
• Veganism A vegan diet, while a healthy and ethical way to consume food, indicates a position of privilege. It also limits you to other cultural food experiences if you travel around the world.
• University Athletes Should be Compensated University athletes should be compensated for their service to the university, as it is difficult for these students to procure and hold a job with busy academic and athletic schedules. Many student athletes on scholarship also come from low-income neighborhoods and it is a struggle to make ends meet when they are participating in athletics.
• Women in the Workforce Sheryl Sandberg makes a lot of interesting points in her best-selling book, Lean In , but she only addressed the very privileged working woman and failed to speak to those in lower-skilled, lower-wage jobs.
• Assisted Suicide Assisted suicide should be legal and doctors should have the ability to make sure their patients have the end-of-life care that they want to receive.
• Celebrity and Political Activism Although Taylor Swift's lyrics are indicative of a feminist perspective, she should be more politically active and vocal to use her position of power for the betterment of society.
• The Civil War The insistence from many Southerners that the South seceded from the Union for states' rights versus the fact that they seceded for the purposes of continuing slavery is a harmful myth that still affects race relations today.
• Blue Collar Workers Coal miners and other blue-collar workers whose jobs are slowly disappearing from the workforce should be re-trained in jobs in the technology sector or in renewable energy. A program to re-train these workers would not only improve local economies where jobs have been displaced, but would also lead to lower unemployment nationally.
• Diversity in the Workforce Having a diverse group of people in an office setting leads to richer ideas, more cooperation, and more empathy between people with different skin colors or backgrounds.
• Re-Imagining the Nuclear Family The nuclear family was traditionally defined as one mother, one father, and 2.5 children. This outdated depiction of family life doesn't quite fit with modern society. The definition of normal family life shouldn't be limited to two-parent households.
• Digital Literacy Skills With more information readily available than ever before, it's crucial that students are prepared to examine the material they're reading and determine whether or not it's a good source or if it has misleading information. Teaching students digital literacy and helping them to understand the difference between opinion or propaganda from legitimate, real information is integral.
• Beauty Pageants Beauty pageants are presented with the angle that they empower women. However, putting women in a swimsuit on a stage while simultaneously judging them on how well they answer an impossible question in a short period of time is cruel and purely for the amusement of men. Therefore, we should stop televising beauty pageants.
• Supporting More Women to Run for a Political Position In order to get more women into political positions, more women must run for office. There must be a grassroots effort to educate women on how to run for office, who among them should run, and support for a future candidate for getting started on a political career.

Still stuck? Need some help with your thesis statement?

If you are still uncertain about how to write a thesis statement or what a good thesis statement is, be sure to consult with your teacher or professor to make sure you're on the right track. It's always a good idea to check in and make sure that your thesis statement is making a solid argument and that it can be supported by your research.

After you're done writing, it's important to have someone take a second look at your paper so that you can ensure there are no mistakes or errors. It's difficult to spot your own mistakes, which is why it's always recommended to have someone help you with the revision process, whether that's a teacher, the writing center at school, or a professional editor such as one from ServiceScape .

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研究論文の書き方 

• 更新しました： 2024 年 5 月 17 日

ほとんどの学生は研究論文を書くのが嫌いです。このプロセスは多くの場合、長くて退屈に感じられ、まったく退屈に感じることもあります。それにもかかわらず、これらの課題は学生の学業にとって極めて重要です。主題の深さを捉え、読者の興味を維持する研究論文の書き方を学びたいですか?もしそうなら、このガイドはあなたのためのものです。

今日は、成績を上げるために、よく整理された研究論文をまとめる方法を紹介します。研究に対する思慮深いアプローチと説得力のある議論があれば、どんなトピックでも魅力的な研究論文に変えることができます。

このガイドでは、プロセスを分かりやすくガイドするための、シンプルだが実用的な 7 つのヒントを提供します。また、AI ツールが調査と執筆のプロセスをどのように迅速化し、批判的思考に集中できるかについても説明します。

この記事を読み終える頃には、これらのエッセイに取り組むための明確なロードマップが得られるでしょう。また、それらに迅速かつ効率的に対処する方法も学びます。時間をかけて熱心に取り組めば、すぐに研究論文の書き方をマスターできるでしょう。

さぁ、始めてみましょう

研究論文とは何ですか?

研究論文は、独自の研究に基づいて詳細な分析、解釈、または議論を行う包括的なエッセイです。より高いレベルの学術環境では、単なる要約を超えて、1 つまたは複数のトピックについての深い調査が含まれます。

「研究論文」という用語は、さまざまな形式の学術文書に適用できる広範な用語です。目標は、自分の考えを査読済みの学術文献の発見と組み合わせることです。

エッセイが書き終わるまでに、読者に新しい視点を提供したり、既存の発見に疑問を投げかけたりしているはずです。これは、あなたがその主題を熟知していることを証明し、進行中の学術的議論に貢献します。

研究論文を書くための 7 つのヒント

多くの場合、研究論文の着手は最も困難な部分です。このプロセスは困難に思えるかもしれませんが、管理可能なステップに分割すると管理が容易になります。以下は、アイデアを頭から出してページに書き出すための 7 つのヒントです。

1. 自分の割り当てを理解する

簡単に聞こえるかもしれませんが、成功した研究論文を書くための最初のステップは、課題を読むことです。座って少し時間を取り、指示を読んで課題を完全に理解してください。

課題の解釈を誤ると、大幅な時間の無駄につながるだけでなく、成績にも影響する可能性があります。たとえ先生や教授がどれほど忍耐強くても、基本的な指示を無視することは許されないことがよくあります。

説明書を読んでもまだ混乱している場合は、書き始める前に説明を求めてください。それが不可能な場合は、次のようなツールを使用できます スモディンのAIチャット 助けるために。 Smodin は、見落としがちな重要な要件を強調するのに役立ちます。

この初期投資により、今後のすべての作業が集中的かつ効率的に行われるようになります。考えることは実際にエッセイを書くことと同じくらい重要であり、それはまた、よりスムーズな執筆プロセスへの波を整えることにもなるということを覚えておいてください。

2. 研究資料を収集する

ここからが楽しい部分です。それはリサーチです。研究資料を収集するときは、学術雑誌や査読済みの論文など、常に信頼できる情報源を使用してください。情報の信頼性を確保できるように、認定された情報源と学術データベースをフィルタリングする検索エンジンのみを使用してください。

時間を最大限に活用するには、スキミングの技術を習得する必要があります。ソースが関連性があり価値があると思われる場合は、保存して後で確認してください。最も避けたいのは、最終論文に掲載されない内容に時間を浪費することです。

プロセスをさらに高速化するには、次の使用を検討してください。 Smodin の AI サマライザー 。このツールは、大きなテキストを要約して、トピックに関連する重要な情報を強調表示するのに役立ちます。執筆プロセスの早い段階で研究資料を体系的に収集してファイルすることで、論文の強力な基盤を構築できます。

しっかりした論文ステートメントを作成することは、研究論文に構造と焦点をもたらすためにできる最も重要なことです。論文では、主張の要点を 1 つまたは 2 つの簡単な文で表現する必要があります。論文を作成するときは、論文全体のトーンと方向性を設定していることを忘れないでください。

もちろん、何もないところから受賞論文を導き出すことはできません。まずは、予備調査に基づいて、論文の候補となるアイデアをブレインストーミングすることから始めます。そして、物事を考えすぎないでください。時には、最も単純なアイデアが最良であることがよくあります。

論文の範囲内で管理できるほど具体的でありながら、独自の議論を可能にするほど幅広い論文が必要です。あなたの論文は既存の期待に挑戦し、読者にトピックに対する新鮮な洞察を提供するものでなければなりません。論文を使用して、冒頭の段落で読者を引き付け、最後の言葉まで読者を引き付け続けます。

4. アウトラインを書く

アウトラインは見落とされがちですが、考えを整理し論文を構成するために不可欠なツールです。多くの学生は、二重の作業をしているように感じられるため、アウトラインを省略しますが、強力なアウトラインがあれば、長期的には労力を節約できます。

アウトラインを効果的に構成する方法は次のとおりです。

• 導入： 論文のステートメントをリストし、エッセイが答える主な質問の概要を示します。
• 文献展望： 議論する予定の主要な文献の概要を説明し、それが論文にどのように関連するかを説明します。
• 方法論： 情報の収集と分析に使用する調査方法を説明します。
• ディスカッション： 結果とその結果が論文に与える影響をどのように解釈するかを計画します。
• 結論： 上記の内容を要約して、論文を完全に説明してください。

このプロセスをさらに効率化するには、次の使用を検討してください。 スモーディンのリサーチライター。 このツールは、提供した最初の入力に基づいてアウトラインを生成し、好みに合わせて調整できる機能を提供します。このアウトラインを調整して、研究結果をより適切に適合させ、論文が適切に整理され、焦点を絞ったものになるようにすることができます。

5. ラフドラフトを書く

アウトラインが決まったら、執筆プロセスを開始できます。大まかな草稿を書くとき、それが完璧であることを意図したものではないことに注意してください。代わりに、議論や証拠を実験したり再整理したりできる作業文書として使用してください。

下書きを書くときは、文法、スタイル、構文についてあまり心配しないでください。アイデアを紙に書き留め、論文の議論を洗い出すことに集中してください。次回いつでもコンテンツを調整したり再配置したりできます。

アウトラインの基本構造に従いながら、自分の考えを表現するさまざまな方法を自由に探求してください。 スモーディンのエッセイライター は、ドラフトの開始や構成に苦労している人に強力なソリューションを提供します。

アウトラインを承認すると、Smodin は最初の入力に基づいてエッセイを生成できます。この機能は、包括的なドラフトを迅速に作成し、後で確認して調整するのに役立ちます。 AI の力を利用して複数のラフ案を作成し、そこから選択することもできます。

6. 裏付けとなる証拠を追加または削除する

大まかなドラフトを作成したら、最終改訂を開始する前に、少しクリーンアップを行います。この段階では、すべての裏付けとなる証拠を確認する必要があります。冗長なものが何もないこと、および重要な詳細を見落としていないことを確認する必要があります。

多くの学生は、エッセイに必要な文字数を増やすのに苦労し、冗長な記述を文章に詰め込むことに頼っています。不必要なコンテンツを追加するのではなく、分析を拡張してより深い洞察を提供することに重点を置きます。

トピックや形式に関係なく、優れたエッセイは合理化されている必要があります。あなたの論文を裏付ける、明確で説得力のある関連情報を伝える必要があります。一部の情報がそうでない場合は、ソースを調整することを検討してください。

研究、データ、学者や他の専門家からの引用など、さまざまな情報源を含めます。自分の主張を強化するだけでなく、研究の深さを実証していることを忘れないでください。

ライティングセンターに行ったり教授にせがんだりせずに、エッセイに関する包括的なフィードバックが必要な場合は、Smodin を使用してください。の AIチャット あなたの草案を見て、改善のための提案をすることができます。

7. 修正、引用、提出

研究論文作成の最終段階には、改訂、引用、最終レビューが含まれます。論文が洗練され、専門的に提示され、盗作がないことを確認する必要があります。もちろん、Smodin の AI ツールを統合すると、このプロセスが大幅に合理化され、最終提出物の品質が向上します。

まず、Smodin のリライター ツールを使用します。この AI を活用した機能は、下書きを言い換えたり洗練したりして、全体的な読みやすさを向上させるのに役立ちます。エッセイの特定のセクションが「正しく聞こえない」場合、AI は代替の文構造や単語の選択を提案します。

すべての学術論文には適切な引用が必須です。ありがたいことに、おかげで スモディンの研究論文 アプリを使用すると、かつては退屈だったこのプロセスがこれまでより簡単になります。 AI は、すべての情報源が必要なスタイル ガイド (APA、MLA、シカゴなど) に従って正確に引用されていることを保証します。

すべての学生は、偶発的な盗作が起こり得ることを認識する必要があります。だからこそ、 盗作チェッカー 提出する前にエッセイをスキャンしておくことは常に役に立ちます。 Smodin の盗作チェッカーは懸念のある領域を強調表示できるため、それに応じて調整できます。

すべての引用を修正、言い換え、順序どおりであることを確認した後、次を使用します。 Smodin の AI コンテンツ検出器 あなたの論文に最後にレビューを与えます。このツールは、論文の全体的な品質と読みやすさを分析して、最終的な調整や改善を行うのに役立ちます。

研究論文をマスターする

高校生、大学、大学院に在学中であっても、研究論文の作成方法を習得することは、どれだけ強調してもしすぎることはありません。上記の AI ツールを活用することで、自信を持って研究論文を提出用に準備することができます。

研究論文は、批判的に考えて説得力を持って書く能力を磨くのに役立ちます。ここで培ったスキルは、教室の壁を超えて役立つでしょう。複雑なアイデアを明確かつ効果的に伝えることは、あなたが持つことのできる最も強力なツールの 1 つです。

などのAIツールの進歩により、 スモディン 、研究論文を書くことがこれまで以上に簡単になりました。これらのテクノロジーにより、作業の整理、執筆、改訂のプロセスが合理化されます。自分の最高の作品はまだこれからだということを知って、自信を持って書きましょう。

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Tufts seniors see their academic achievements come to fruition, one thesis at a time

Seniors julio dominguez, olivia calkins and becca kaplan discuss thesis origins and research..

Olivia Calkins examines cells under a microscope in the Kaplan Lab in the Science and Technology Center on Nov. 17, 2023.

As the Class of 2024 approaches the end of their final semester at Tufts , some have concluded this year with a senior thesis, a culmination of their academic journey. These students have worked incredibly hard throughout the year to complete extensive papers and capstone projects in their respective courses of study.

Julio Dominguez  is a senior double-majoring  in sociology and international relations. Dominguez wrote his senior thesis on how second-generation Latinos balance their ethnicities and sexuality.

“ I’m  looking at how they balance and navigate these different identities ,” Dominguez said. “ [Queer Latinos a re] very marginalized since their forms of masculinity are not aligned with hegemonic masculinity … [and] Latino circles  … tend to be very homogenous thinking, especially in terms of culture and expectations.”

For his thesis, Dominguez pulled from his own lived experiences.

“ I, m yself, am a queer, second-generation Latino. My parents are also foreign-born,” Dominguez said. “I’ve always had these tensions, and there’s a lot of literature on the subject.”

Dominguez views these cultural expectations as something that causes queer individuals to hide or conceal their sexuality. When researching these themes, he focused on literature relating to queer identities, masculinity and belonging.

“ I  attem pted to look at masculinity as a very multifaceted topic in the sense that there’s so many different types of masculinity that people can perform or embody,” Dominguez said. “ Gender itself exists in a hierarchy .  … A t the top is this form of hegemonic masculinity that essentially   perpetuates these marginalizations of other masculinities.”

To incorporate more perspectives into his thesis, Dominguez also interviewed 12 people about their personal experiences.

“ In ter ms of recruitment, I couldn’t find too many people … there was sort of a lack of community for them, ” Dominguez said.

Dominguez also noted that a hookup culture contributes to this lack of community.

“Ge nerally, many queer second-generation Latino men aren’t friends with many people of the same community,”  Dominguez said. “[And there is a] stigma of like, ‘Oh, they’re messy,’ and many of them have hooked up with each other.”

Dominguez recommends pursuing a senior thesis, especially on a topic that is particularly important to you.

“I was able to employ my own positionality [and] perspectives on different issues,” Dominguez said. “It was very empowering.”

Dominguez will be working for the nonprofit organization Teach for America  for two years, and is interested in attending graduate school after.  

Olivia Calkins  is a senior majoring in chemical engineering and minoring in both food systems and cellular agriculture. Calkins was first introduced to the idea of cultivated meat while taking an introductory biomedical engineering course with p rofessor David Kaplan  during her freshman year.

“I took a BME class with Dr . David Kaplan, and on the first day, he was talking about how he works on cultivated meat, which is growing meat in a lab to essentially completely replace animal agriculture,”  Calkins said. “That helps not only the environment, but also my personal interest in animal welfare. And then I was like, ‘This is the perfect combination.’”

After reaching out to Professor Kaplan, Calkins got to work in his lab during her freshman summer . Within the Kaplan Lab , Calkins developed a particular interest in insect cell culture, which develops insect cell lines for food purposes. Specifically, the lab works with the tobacco hornworm  caterpillar.

“ The reason why insect cells are so beneficial to this field is because they’re able to grow at ambient room temperature, and they can withstand fluctuations in pH , and if you are thinking about growing meat for so many people, you want cells that are so adaptable,”  Calkins said.

This interest in insect cells eventually developed into a full-fledged senior thesis.

“Specifically, my t hesis is focused on scaling up insect cells [and] making them more adaptable to be able to grow,”  Calkins said. “I rea lly just wanted to tie [my research] all together in this one nice project and then share with everyone.”

Calkins’ senior thesis includes a written paper and a defense, which consists of a presentation of her research and time for questions from professors.

“ I’ve bee n really focused on building this story over the past year, ” Calkins said. “ It’s b een such a good learning opportunity for me to actually have independence and control over my projects.”

After graduation, Calkins plans to dedicate time to exploring a potential specialization before entering a Ph.D . prog ram.

Becca Kaplan  is a senior double-majoring in English and political science. Kaplan recently completed her English senior thesis entitled “ Split at the Root: A Critical Analysis of the Intersectional Feminism of Adrienne Rich and Audre Lorde .”

“ [I was] s pecifically looking at Adrienne Rich  and Audre Lorde , and how intersectionality, which is really a new term, came to fruition in practice much earlier,” Kaplan said. “So, f or Audre Lorde, she is both black and queer and also a feminist. For Adrienne Rich, she is a feminist but also Jewish and queer. So [I am] talking about their work and seeing how all of those identities are intertwined and expressed in their poetry and their prose.”  

Kaplan originally became interested in Adrienne Rich’s poems after taking an English course titled American Women Writers .

“We wer e reading her poetry and I was like, ‘This is amazing, and totally speaks to something that I felt in my life,’”  Kaplan said.  “So, I bought the whole book, read all of that poetry and just became kind of obsessed with her.”

Similar to Dominguez, Kaplan was inspired by her own experiences.

“It was re ally cool to see some of my own identities in their work, and how I can relate to what they’ve written,”  Kaplan said. “I think that was really the inspiration for [my thesis]: how Judaism and queerness has impacted my own version of feminism, and seeing how that has worked for these two women.”

Kaplan’s paper is around 40 pages, but English theses can range from  35 to more than 80 pages.

“It’s a very di fferent project than anything I’ve done,” Kaplan said. “This is so much longer, so the focus is not just the one thesis that you’re carrying all the way through. It’s essentially a bunch of mini essays together that all have a general overarching theme.”

Kaplan plans to work after graduation but hopes to later return to school for a Ph.D. in English.

Spanning sociology, English and engineering, each thesis is a unique reflection of these seniors’ passions and learnings from the past four years.

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Virome Sequencing Identifies H5N1 Avian Influenza in Wastewater from Nine Cities

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Avian influenza (serotype H5N1) is a highly pathogenic virus that emerged in domestic waterfowl in 1996. Over the past decade, zoonotic transmission to mammals, including humans, has been reported. Although human to human transmission is rare, infection has been fatal in nearly half of patients who have contracted the virus in past outbreaks. The increasing presence of the virus in domesticated animals raises substantial concerns that viral adaptation to immunologically naïve humans may result in the next flu pandemic. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) to track viruses was historically used to track polio and has recently been implemented for SARS-CoV2 monitoring during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, using an agnostic, hybrid-capture sequencing approach, we report the detection of H5N1 in wastewater in nine Texas cities, with a total catchment area population in the millions, over a two-month period from March 4 th to April 25 th , 2024. Sequencing reads uniquely aligning to H5N1 covered all eight genome segments, with best alignments to clade 2.3.4.4b. Notably, 19 of 23 monitored sites had at least one detection event, and the H5N1 serotype became dominant over seasonal influenza over time. A variant analysis suggests avian or bovine origin but other potential sources, especially humans, could not be excluded. We report the value of wastewater sequencing to track avian influenza.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Funding Statement

This work was supported by S.B. 1780, 87th Legislature, 2021 Reg. Sess. (Texas 2021) (E.B., A.W.M., and J.F.P.), NIH/NIAID (Grant number U19 AI44297) (A.W.M.), Baylor College of Medicine Melnick Seed (A.W.M) and Alkek Foundation Seed (J.F.P.), and Pandemic Threat Technology Center (P.A.P.).

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I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.

I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals.

I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).

I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable.

Data Availability

All data produced are available online at https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.11175923 and NCBI SRA BioProject: PRJNA966185

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Early registration is now open for the 2024 convention in Minneapolis.

This Week in SABR: May 17, 2024

Welcome to “This Week in SABR” on Friday, May 17, 2024. Click here to view this newsletter on the web .

SABR 52: Research Presentations Free Rapsodo course offered with Analytics Certification purchase in May Virtual registration now open for Jerry Malloy Negro League Conference Read articles online from Spring 2024 Baseball Research Journal Call for papers: 2024 SABR/IWBC Women in Baseball Conference Submit candidate statements for vacant Board seat by May 17

SABR 52: Research Presentations

The full list of research presentations during SABR 52 in Minneapolis is now available online at SABR.org/convention . Abstracts and presenter bios, along with the complete schedule of events, will be available soon.

• Click here to learn more about SABR 52 research presentations

SABR 52 will be the most accessible and social experience we’ve ever organized as we emphasize SABR’s ability to unite all of us in baseball fellowship, so sign up today to join us! All baseball fans are welcome to attend. Early-bird registration discounts end on June 7, 2024 .

Visit SABR.org/convention to learn more.

Member Benefit Spotlight: What to expect at SABR 52

To highlight key benefits of your SABR membership, read this month’s SABR Member Benefit Spotlight , an email series that identifies and explains some of the most valuable features of your membership. With just three months until our annual SABR 52 convention in Minneapolis, Minnesota, watch a short video to learn how to register online so you don’t miss out on our early bird deadline!

Click here to read the full announcement at SABR.org .

Free Rapsodo course offered with SABR Analytics Certification purchase

It’s time to take your skills to the next level with two of the most trusted names in baseball analytics! SABR is excited to partner with Rapsodo, a leading innovator in baseball technology and data analysis, on a limited time offer:

• Purchase any SABR Analytics Certification course until May 31, 2024, and get access to a complimentary Rapsodo Certified course

That’s $395 in added value with the purchase of any SABR Analytics Certification course. 

Virtual registration now available for Jerry Malloy Negro League Conference

For the first time ever, SABR’s annual Jerry Malloy Negro League Conference on June 6-9, 2024, is being hosted as a hybrid event. While in-person attendees will enjoy this year’s conference at the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown, New York, we are excited to introduce a new virtual registration option .

Virtual registration gives you the opportunity to experience the Malloy, the only symposium dedicated exclusively to the examination and promotion of Black baseball history, from the comfort of your own home for just $75. All panels and presentations held at the Hall of Fame’s Grandstand Theater on Thursday, June 6 through Saturday, June 8 will be available via Zoom livestream. It’s a fantastic way to see what the Malloy Conference is all about and we hope you’ll take advantage.

Full and single-day registration is available for a discounted rate before May 24 . In-person attendees will also have an opportunity to view the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum’s new exhibit, The Souls of the Game: Voices of Black Baseball .

• Schedule: Click here to view the 2024 Malloy Conference schedule .
• Information Packet: Click here to download the conference information packet (PDF)
• Library Grants:  Click here to download an application for the $500 Dick Clark Memorial Library Grants (PDF). Deadline: September 16, 2024.

Visit SABR.org/malloy to learn more or to register.

Read articles online from Spring 2024 Baseball Research Journal

With an original cover illustration of Birmingham’s Rickwood Field designed by SABR member Gary Cieradkowski, we hope you enjoy the e-book edition of the Spring 2024 Baseball Research Journal !

The e-book edition was sent to all SABR members on Monday, May 6. Anyone who has subscribed to the print edition should receive their copy in the mail in the next 2-4 weeks.

• Click here to download the PDF e-book edition of the Spring 2024 Baseball Research Journal .
• Click here to order a copy of the print edition of the Spring 2024 Baseball Research Journal from Amazon.com.
• Click here to read all articles online from the Spring 2024 Baseball Research Journal in the SABR Research Collection.

We hope you enjoy reading the Spring 2024 Baseball Research Journal !

Call for papers: 2024 SABR/IWBC Women in Baseball Conference

SABR and the International Women’s Baseball Center have announced a call for papers for the sixth annual SABR/IWBC Women in Baseball Conference , scheduled as a virtual event for September 20-22, 2024.

Please submit abstracts of approximately 200 words, along with contact information and a short biography, by July 1, 2024 , to Leslie Heaphy .

Registration information will be available soon at SABR.org/women-in-baseball-conference .

Contribute to SABR’s Four Pillars Fund

Research – Preservation – Scholarship – Future of the Game . These are the four pillars on which SABR stands as an organization.

Each pillar represents one of our organizational values and the support of donors like you makes a significant impact on our ability to fortify our foundation while also fulfilling SABR’s vision of becoming the essential community for the world of baseball.

This spring, we ask you to contribute to the FOUR PILLARS FUND . Our goal is to raise $65,000 during this campaign to strengthen each of our four pillars by supporting baseball research , committing to preservation , furthering the reach of our scholarship , and building a bridge to the future of the game .

To donate or learn more about SABR’s Four Pillars Fund and the existing efforts and exciting new initiatives that will be funded by a successful campaign , visit SABR.org/donate/four-pillars .

Submit candidate statements for vacant Board seat by May 17

Allison Levin’s election as Vice President has created a vacancy for a Director’s seat, and a candidate will be appointed by the Board of Directors.

Any SABR member who is interested in filling the rest of that seat’s term — which begins at the conclusion of the Annual Business Meeting at SABR 52 in August and runs until 2025 — should fill out the candidate statement form and send an email to Mark Armour . The deadline to submit a statement is May 17, 2024 . 

Find new updates to the SABR Research Collection below, including the Baseball Biography Project, Games Project, and Oral History Collection.

New Oral History interview: Dave Righetti

• Dave Righetti , former All-Star pitcher and longtime pitching coach Recorded May 9, 2024, by John McMurray

Visit SABR.org/oralhistory to find more interviews from the SABR Oral History Collection.

6 new stories published at SABR BioProject

• Bob Chance , by Len Pasculli
• Jack Fifield , by Bill Lamb
• Harry Gumbert , by Bill Lamb
• Rick Sutcliffe , by Greg King
• Walt Tragesser , by Kurt Blumenau
• Paul Wachtel , by Darren Gibson

Visit SABR.org/bioproject to learn more about the SABR BioProject or to get involved.

8 new stories published at SABR Games Project

• May 20, 1900: Buffalo Bisons, Chicago White Stockings play on Sunday on rough, swampy grounds , by Stephen V. Rice
• May 12, 1915: Ernie Shore denies emery charge, throws complete-game win for Red Sox , by Kurt Blumenau
• May 17, 1936: Elon Hogsett puts the brakes on Browns’ historically bad start , by Larry DeFillipo
• May 21, 1951: Ted Williams lashes 3 hits to Fenway Park’s left field—to spite Ty Cobb? , by Bill Nowlin
• August 5, 1973: Oscar Gamble homers twice in Cleveland’s comeback win over Milwaukee , by Joseph Wancho
• April 1, 1976: Gary Carter cut for 16 stitches after slamming into cement outfield wall , by Gary Belleville
• July 2, 2004: Andrew Miller records every out by strikeout, but Cape Cod League game fogged out , by Stew Thornley
• July 1, 2022: Nolan Arenado hits for second career cycle, but his error leads to Phillies’ comeback , by Mike Huber

Read all game stories from new Ebbets Field book online

All game stories from the SABR Digital Library book, Ebbets Field: Great, Historic, and Memorable Games in Brooklyn’s Lost Ballpark , are now available to read online at the SABR Games Project. Here are the new articles posted this week:

• June 30, 1955: George Shuba’s walk-off single wins it for Dodgers , by Alan Cohen
• September 30, 1955: Podres, Dodgers narrow Yankees’ lead in Game 3 , by Steven C. Weiner
• October 1, 1955: Snider’s bat, glove propel Dodgers to tie World Series in Game 4 , by Gregory H. Wolf
• October 2, 1955: Duke Snider’s blasts move Dodgers to precipice of first title , by Gregory H. Wolf
• May 12, 1956: Carl Erskine’s second no-hitter is first to be broadcast on national TV , by Gregory H. Wolf
• September 29, 1956: Dodgers take over NL lead after sweep of Pirates , by Frederick C. Bush
• October 3, 1956: Sal Maglie fans 10, bests Whitey Ford in World Series opener , by Paul Hofmann
• October 5, 1956: Dodgers win Game 2 with slugging on the diamond and in parking lot , by John Bauer
• October 10, 1956: Johnny Kucks’ 3-hitter and home runs give Yankees the title , by Gregory H. Wolf
• July 18, 1957: Dodgers survive wild ninth inning to win in 11 , by Doug Feldmann
• September 24, 1957: Dodgers win final game at Ebbets Field , by Rory Costello

Visit SABR.org/gamesproject to learn more about the SABR Games Project or to get involved.

Sox Bid Curse Farewell: The 2004 Boston Red Sox Edited by Bill Nowlin

Visit SABR.org/ebooks to download the free e-book edition or save 50% off the paperback edition of all Digital Library books.

Here are some SABR headlines from recent weeks that we don’t want you to miss:

• Check out highlights, photos, and stories from the 2024 SABR Analytics Conference
• 2024 Henry Chadwick Award recipients announced
• Steve Gietschier wins 2024 SABR Seymour Medal
• Learn more about recipients of SABR Local Grants in 2024
• Levin, Lebowitz, Krieger, Newman elected to SABR Board of Directors
• Check out highlights, photos from Ivor-Campbell 19th Century Conference
• The SABR Bookshelf: Spring 2024
• Nominations open for 2024 Dorothy Seymour Mills Lifetime Achievement Award
• SABR’s Ballpark Figures to feature Stories of the Negro Leagues in 2024
• SABR announces partnership with Alzheimer’s Association
• Find complete collection of SABR-Rucker Archive baseball images online
• Historical Black Newspapers Collection added to SABR Research Resources
• Get a gift for baseball fan in your life with the SABR Store @ CafePress

Please give a warm welcome to all new SABR members who joined this week! View more Members-Only resources at members.sabr.org or click here to download the Membership Handbook. Find contact information for any SABR member in the online Membership Directory .

• Events Calendar: Find details of all upcoming SABR events .
• Video Replays: This week, we heard from former MLB pitcher and coach Dave Righetti ; author Jack Bales (“Lewis Meacham, National League Co-Founder”); and Vincent Ciaramella (“Death by Drinking Seawater”). Click here to view video replays of virtual SABR events .

Upcoming Virtual Meetings

• May 20: Clyde Sukeforth (ME/NH) Chapter meeting with John Cerilli (7:00 p.m. EDT)
• May 20: Pee Wee Reese (KY) Chapter meeting with Jason Schwartz and Russ Speiller (7:00 p.m. EDT)
• May 22: New SABR Member Experience Meeting (8:00 p.m. EDT)
• May 23: Larry Dierker (TX) Chapter meeting with David Jerome (7:00 p.m. CDT)
• May 25: Mathewson-Plank (PA) Chapter book club meeting (10:00 a.m. EDT)
• May 26: Baltimore Babe Ruth (MD) Chapter meeting with Zak Ford (7:00 p.m. EDT)

Upcoming In-Person Meetings

• May 18: Babe ‘n’ Bob Chapter Breakfast (Edgewater, MD)
• May 18: Halsey Hall Chapter spring meeting (Minneapolis, MN)
• May 18: 19th Annual Southern Association Conference (Montgomery, AL)
• May 18: Ken Keltner Chapter meeting (Milwaukee, WI)
• May 18: Pacific Northwest Chapter meeting (Tacoma, WA)
• May 18: Oklahoma Chapter meeting (Tulsa, OK)
• May 21: Bob Davids Chapter Hot Stove Dinner (Silver Spring, MD)
• May 21: Jerry Grillo/Adam Lazarus author event (Alpharetta, GA)
• May 25: Dayton Chapter book club meeting (Dayton, OH)
• May 25: Hanlan’s Point Chapter ballgame/meet-up (Guelph, ON)

To add your SABR event to our calendar listings, please contact Jacob Pomrenke .

• Biographical Research: April 2024 newsletter

Sign up for SABR research committee announcements at SABR.org/research/committees .

• Rogers Hornsby Chapter: May 2024 newsletter (Austin, TX)

Sign up for SABR chapter announcements at SABR.org/chapters .

Click here to learn more about SABR chartered communities.

Here are some recent articles published by and about SABR members:

• Jayson Stark/Ken Rosenthal: Twelve MLB rule change ideas to save the starting pitcher (The Athletic)
• Derek Rhoads/Rob Mains: The Growing Disparity in Injuries (Baseball Prospectus)
• Eno Sarris: MLB’s new bat speed numbers: The good, the bad and the uncertain future (The Athletic)
• Ben Clemens: What Statcast’s New Bat Tracking Data Does and Doesn’t Tell Us (FanGraphs)
• Sarah Langs: Paul Skenes’ red-hot radar readings highlight wild week of stats (MLB.com)
• Evan Drellich: Could MLB nationalize its media rights? (The Athletic)
• Jared Diamond/Lindsey Adler: Baseball Catchers Keep Getting Whacked by Hitters. It’s No Accident. (Wall Street Journal)
• J.J. Cooper: Here’s What Life After Affiliated Ball Is Like For Minor League Teams (Baseball America)
• Russell A. Carleton: Baseball Needs Side Characters (Baseball Prospectus)
• Neil Greenberg: Shohei Ohtani has a shot at baseball’s Triple Crown (Washington Post)
• Ben Schittler: One of Philly’s most historic baseball fields is in disarray. Neighborhood activists are asking for help. (Philadelphia Inquirer)
• Ryan Fagan: Baseball cards, historic memorabilia steal the show at MLB Network (Sports Collectors Digest)
• Jay Jaffe: Max Fried Has Been Unhittable Lately (FanGraphs)
• Mark Simon: What’s Led To James Paxton’s Success? The Dodgers’ League-Leading Defensive Positioning (Sports Info Solutions)
• Stephanie Apstein: Pinchpenny Phillie: Brandon Marsh Is a Major League Luddite (Sports Illustrated)
• Alex Speier: Red Sox teammates love to watch outfielder Tyler O’Neill flip his patented throws home (Boston Globe)
• Ryan Divish: Julio Rodriguez has been ‘fighting through it’. Now, his swing is starting to click. (Seattle Times)
• Davy Andrews: What It’s Like To Be a Beat Writer (FanGraphs)
• Roger Cormier: Someone Told Me It’s All Happening at the Zoo (Baseball Prospectus)
• David Laurila: Kyle Finnegan’s Splitter Is a Derivative of Elroy Face’s Forkball (FanGraphs)
• Michael Clair: Brothers played soccer in Cuba, baseball in Spain. Now both have MLB dreams. (MLB.com)
• Calvin Daniels: Women’s baseball star gets overdue recognition (SaskToday.ca)
• Al Yellon: A few thoughts about baseball TV broadcasts and the multiple ways they are distributed (Bleed Cubbie Blue)
• Jeff Cohen/Len Aberman: Baseball and BBQ interview with Brett Topel (Baseball and BBQ)
• JB Manheim: More on Theodore Edison’s T206 Collection (SABR Baseball Cards)

Please note: Some articles may require a separate subscription to view online. SABR does not endorse, and is not responsible or liable for, any content that appears on a third-party website.

This Week in SABR is compiled by Jacob Pomrenke. If you would like us to include an upcoming event, article, or any other information in “This Week in SABR,” e-mail [email protected] . To find past editions of TWIS, click here .

Are you receiving our e-mails? “This Week in SABR” goes out by e-mail to all members on Friday afternoons. If they’re not showing up, try adding “[email protected]” to your contact list to ensure they show up in your inbox.

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